CN111077034A - Particle monitoring equipment and method by using oscillating balance method - Google Patents
Particle monitoring equipment and method by using oscillating balance method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A particulate matter monitoring device and method, the said apparatus includes the gas sampling module, is used for inputting the sample gas gathered, and carry on the shunt according to the monitoring parameter difference to be tested with the sample gas; the gas sampling module is used for sampling gas in different flow paths; each oscillating balance sensor module comprises an independent oscillating balance sensor unit, a vibrator is arranged in each oscillating balance sensor unit, and a measuring membrane is arranged on the top of each vibrator and can intercept particles; and the control module is used for inputting monitoring parameters to be measured and automatically controlling each module to execute corresponding operation. The multi-parameter monitoring of the oscillating balance method is realized, a plurality of parameters are measured in a single oscillating balance monitor at the same time, the data difference caused by the measurement environment and the equipment difference is reduced, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the occurrence of data hang-over is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air quality monitoring equipment, in particular to a particle monitoring device and method by using an oscillating balance method.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of industrial development and urbanization process, the atmospheric pollution condition is continuously intensified, and the haze weather becomes a normality. The exceeding-standard particles in the atmosphere have great harm to the health of people. Atmospheric pollution monitoring and treatment are currently the most important and urgent matters. For pollution control, monitoring technology is the first place to take the lead. The accurate and wide-application-range atmospheric monitoring method can achieve the effect of achieving twice the result with half the effort.
From the trend of environmental monitoring policy, the requirement on the monitoring precision of particulate matters is higher and higher, and the measurement parameters are more and more comprehensive. TSP, PM10、PM2.5And PM1The particle pollutant particle size distribution method is characterized by comprising four main parameters of particle pollutant particle size distribution, and the four parameters are measured at the same time to be a future trend. However, in the existing technical scheme, TSP and PM can not be measured simultaneously10、PM2.5And PM1The method comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of independent devices, and measuring a plurality of parameters by a plurality of devices, wherein the distance of a sampling port of each device is not very close to the distance of the sampling port of each device due to the requirement of installation standard, so that the air flow and the pollution concentration entering each device are different.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a particle monitoring apparatus and method using an oscillating balance method, which is intended to at least partially solve at least one of the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oscillating balance method particulate matter monitoring device, comprising a gas sampling module, a sample gas preprocessing module, an oscillating balance sensor module and a control module, wherein the oscillating balance sensor module comprises a first sensor module, a second sensor module, a third sensor module, a fourth sensor module, a fifth sensor module, a
The gas sampling module is used for inputting the collected sample gas and shunting the sample gas according to different monitoring parameters to be tested, wherein the monitoring parameters comprise TSP and PM10、PM2.5And/or PM1；
The system comprises a plurality of sample gas pretreatment modules, a plurality of sampling gas sampling module and a plurality of sampling gas sampling module, wherein the sample gas pretreatment modules are respectively used for pretreating sample gases of different flow paths output by the gas sampling modules, and the pretreatment comprises dehumidification, particle separation and/or heating;
the system comprises a plurality of oscillating balance sensor modules, a plurality of gas sampling modules and a plurality of gas sampling modules, wherein each oscillating balance sensor module comprises an independent oscillating balance sensor unit, a vibrator is arranged in each oscillating balance sensor unit, a measuring membrane is arranged at the top of each vibrator, the measuring membrane can intercept particulate matters, the mass of the measuring membrane on each vibrator changes after the sample gas output by a corresponding sample gas pretreatment module in a period of time, and the mass change of the measuring membrane in the period of time is obtained by measuring the vibration frequency values of the vibrators at the moment before and after the period of time, so that the concentration of each particulate matter in the sample gas output by the corresponding sample gas pretreatment module is respectively;
and the control module is used for inputting monitoring parameters to be measured and automatically controlling each module to execute corresponding operation.
The flow of multi-path airflow obtained by shunting the sample gas by the gas sampling module is controlled by a flow controller and is maintained at a set value;
the gas sampling module is used for shunting sample gas in a particle size screening mode.
The sample gas pretreatment module comprises a sample gas pre-dehumidification module, a sample gas pre-dehumidification module and a humidity measurement module, wherein the sample gas pre-dehumidification module is used for dehumidifying the sample gas and reducing the influence of humidity on measurement;
the sample gas pre-dehumidification module comprises a plurality of independent proton exchange drying pipes, and each path of drying pipe uses the sampling airflow of the path which is subjected to dehumidification treatment as a back-blowing airflow to perform back-blowing.
The sample gas pretreatment module comprises a multi-path sample gas and zero gas switching module and is used for measuring the concentration of volatile particulate matters;
the multi-path sample gas and zero gas switching module comprises a switching valve and a zero gas generating device, and the switching valve is used for controlling the gas flow entering the oscillating balance sensor module to be switched between the sample gas and the zero gas.
The switching valve comprises an external structural part, a sliding block and a driving wheel, wherein the sliding block comprises two gas paths which are an upper through hole, a lower through hole and a right-angle flow guide hole respectively, and when the upper through hole and the lower through hole are communicated, the gas paths are in a sample gas passing state; when the right-angle diversion hole is communicated, the air path is in a zero-air passing state.
The zero gas generation device comprises a condenser and a filtering membrane, the condenser is made of metal, a temperature sensor is arranged in the condenser, and a gas path in the condenser is a snake-shaped gas path; the filtration precision of the filtration membrane is at least 0.2 μm.
The sample gas pretreatment module comprises a sample gas heating module for heating the sample gas to a constant temperature;
a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in a gas circuit pipe at the lower part of each gas inlet pipe in the sample gas heating module, so that the temperature and the final humidity of the sample gas can be obtained simultaneously; wherein the temperature setting of the heating part is recommended to be 40-50 ℃.
The oscillating balance sensor module and the sample gas heating module are arranged at the same temperature value;
a particle measurement film is arranged on the top of the vibrator, and the particle measurement film is made of quartz fibers;
the vibrator is of a tubular hollow structure, the bottom of the vibrator is fixed on the shell, magnets are fixed on two sides of the upper portion of the vibrator, and the vibration directions of two adjacent vibrators are vertical.
Wherein, the particle monitoring equipment also comprises an air pump and an external meteorological sensor module, the control module also comprises a control mainboard, wherein,
the air pump is used for providing negative pressure drive for all the air paths;
the control mainboard is used for controlling each flow controller and communicating and controlling the flow controllers, the sample gas and zero gas switching module, the circuit control module of the sample gas heating module and the circuit control module of the oscillating balance sensor module;
the control main board also collects data of the external meteorological sensor module and is used for calculating air pressure change of the air path.
As another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a particle monitoring method by using a vibration balance method, which comprises the following steps:
the collected sample gas is divided by a gas sampling module;
pretreating the sample gas obtained by shunting, wherein the pretreatment comprises dehumidification, particle separation and/or heating;
and (3) the pretreated sample gas enters an oscillating balance sensor module, the concentrations of the particles in the sample gas mode and the zero gas mode are respectively measured through an internal vibrator and a measuring film, and the final concentration of the particles is obtained by subtracting the concentration in the zero gas mode from the concentration in the sample gas mode.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the device and the method for monitoring the particles by the oscillating balance method have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. realize the multi-parameter monitoring of the oscillating balance method, measure TSP, PM in the monitor of single oscillating balance at the same time10、PM2.5And PM1The data difference caused by the difference of the measurement environment and the equipment is reduced, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the occurrence of data hanging upside down is avoided;
2. the same sampling air inlet is adopted for multiple parameters, the sample sources are the same source, the measurement is synchronous, and the measurement is more accurate;
3. the design of the multi-way switching valve and the shunt cutting integrated cutter improves the integration level of the multi-parameter oscillation balance, greatly reduces the occupied space of equipment, and reduces the requirement on installation space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a particle monitoring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a switching valve in the overall apparatus configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a switching valve and a gas-purging device in the overall apparatus structure of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of an oscillating balance sensor module in an overall device configuration of the invention.
In the above drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings:
1101. a sampling head; 1102. a TSP air inlet pipe;
1103. rainwater separator and PM10A cutter; 1110. a rain water bottle;
1105、PM2.5a shunt cutter; 1107. PM (particulate matter)1A shunt cutter; 1108. A shunt tube;
1104、PM10an air inlet pipe; 1106. PM (particulate matter)2.5An air inlet pipe;
1109、PM1an air inlet pipe; 1111. an auxiliary gas path gas outlet pipe;
1101-1111 and a gas sampling module; 1201-1204, a sample gas pre-dehumidification module;
13. a sample gas and zero gas switching module; 1401-1404, a sample gas heating module;
1405. a circuit control module; 1501-1504, oscillating balance sensor modules;
1505. a circuit control module; 1601-1605 flow controller
16. A gas circuit module; 17. a circuit control module; 18. an external weather sensor module.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Because the position of the product can be changed at will, the terms of orientation such as "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. in the invention only indicate relative positional relationship, but are not used to limit absolute positional relationship.
As shown in FIG. 1, the particle monitoring equipment adopting the oscillation balance method comprises gas sampling modules 1101-1111, sample gas pre-dehumidification modules 1201-1204, a sample gas and zero gas switching module 13, sample gas heating modules 1401-1404, oscillation balance sensor modules 1501-1504, circuit control modules 17, 1405 and 1505, a gas circuit module 16 and an external meteorological sensor module 18.
The gas sampling module comprises a sampling head 1101, a TSP air inlet pipe 1102, a rainwater separator and a PM10Cutter 1103, rainwater bottle 1110, PM2.5Shunt cutter 1105, PM1Shunt cutter 1107, shunt tube 1108, PM10Intake pipe 1104, PM2.5Intake pipe 1106, PM1An intake pipe 1109, and the like. The sampling head 1101 is a general intake sampling port, and the final airflow is branched to the TSP intake pipe 1102 and PM10Intake pipe 1104, PM2.5Intake pipe 1106, PM1An inlet pipe 1109 and an auxiliary gas path outlet pipe 1111. The flow rates of the five gas paths are controlled by flow controllers 1601 to 1605 and maintained at set values. The auxiliary gas path outlet 1111 is divided by the dividing tube 1108 and then discharged by the gas pump 1608. And the negative pressure of the gas circuit is realized under the action of a vacuum pump and 5 flow controllers in the gas circuit part, so that constant sampling gas flow enters the system from the sampling head and each path of sampling gas flow is kept constant. The flow rate of the TSP air inlet pipeline is set to be 1-3L/min. For better cutting efficiency, flow through the rain separator and PM10The flow rate of the cutter 1103 is 16.67L/min. In FIG. 1, PM10Intake pipe 1104, PM2.5Intake pipe 1106, PM1The sum of the flow of the air inlet pipe 1109 and the auxiliary air path air outlet pipe 1111 is equal to that of the rainwater separator and the PM10The flow rate of the cutter 1103. Exemplary, PM10The flow rate of the intake pipe 1104 is 1.67L/min, PM2.5The flow rate of the intake pipe 1106 is 3L/min, PM1The flow of the air inlet pipe 1109 is 3L/min, and the flow of the air outlet pipe 1111 of the auxiliary air passage is 9L/min.
When passing through the rainwater separator, the particulate matter is not influenced and continues to descend, and rainwater and comdenstion water are avoided getting into the system and cause the destruction by the water conservancy diversion in going into the glass bottle. PM (particulate matter)10The particles pass through the cutter along with the gas path, the particles below the cutting particle size value are not affected by cutting, and continue to move downwards, and the particles higher than the cutting particle size are screened out. PM (particulate matter)10Particulate matter enters PM along with airflow2.5 Flow diversionA cutter 1105. The reposition of redundant personnel cutterbar is reposition of redundant personnel cutting integral type cutterbar, can be divided into two parts with the inflow reposition of redundant personnel, and partly do not carry out the particle size cutting, and another part carries out the nominal particle size and cuts apart to export the air current after will handling from the export. PM (particulate matter)2.5The diverter cutter 1105 has two output channels, one of which is directed to PM without particle size screening10Intake pipe 1104 for obtaining PM10Finally sampling the air flow, and performing PM on all the way2.5And (4) screening the particle size. PM obtained after screening2.5Sampling gas flow into PM1Split cutter 1107. PM (particulate matter)2.5 Shunt cutter 1105 and PM1The particle size cutting pattern in split cutter 1107 may be virtual, impact or cyclonic. PM (particulate matter)1 Split cutter 1107 again divides the sampled airflow into PMs2.5And PM1Flow of gas, respectively into the PM2.5An intake pipe 1106 and a shunt pipe 1108. 1108 is a shunt tube, to connect PM1The sampled gas flow is divided into two parts, one part enters PM1A part of the air inlet pipe 1109 flows to the air pump 1608 through the auxiliary air outlet pipe 1111 and is discharged. The shunt tubes 1108 are constant velocity shunts leading to the PM1The ratio of the inner diameter area of the inner pipe of the air inlet pipe 1109 to the residual area in the branch pipe 1108 is equal to PM1The ratio of the flow of the inlet pipe 1109 to the flow of the auxiliary gas path outlet pipe 1111.
The sample gas pre-dehumidification module consists of 4 independent proton exchange drying tubes, and achieves a dehumidification effect through proton exchange. Since the sampled airflow for each parameter is not identical. Each drying pipe is subjected to back blowing by using the sampling air of the drying pipe, so that the dehumidification efficiency of each sampling air inlet is basically the same, and the measurement conditions are more consistent. 1201-1204 for TSP and PM, respectively10、PM2.5And PM1And the independent sampling airflow is used for dehumidifying, so that the influence of humidity on measurement is reduced. 1205 the same position of other drying pipes is the inlet of the blowback air of the drying pipe, 1206 the same position of other drying pipes is the outlet of the blowback air of the drying pipe. The back blowing airflow of each drying pipe is the return airflow of the sampling airflow after dehumidification and measurement, and the flow rate is controlled by flow controllers 1601-1604. 1606 and 3 other parts at the same position are all filters for filtering particulate matter, protecting flow and controlling flowA device. The blowback airflows are collected together after flowing out of the drying pipes and are discharged through the air pump 1608.
The sample gas and zero gas switching module 13 is located below the sample gas pre-dehumidification module, and is switched between the sample gas and the zero gas at regular time to realize the measurement of the concentration of the volatile particulate matters. Under the appearance gas mode, can accumulate the particulate matter on the sampling membrane at the oscillator top of vibration balance sensor module, also can have volatile substance to persist simultaneously and volatilize. After the zero-air mode is switched, no particulate matter is collected continuously, and only volatile substances in the original accumulated particulate matter can volatilize continuously under the blowing of zero air. The measurement error caused by volatile substances can be compensated by compensating the measurement concentration change in the zero gas mode to the measurement concentration of the sample gas. All power supply, control, sensor acquisition, and the like of the switching section are realized by the circuit control module 1405.
Fig. 2 and 3 are detailed illustrations of the sample gas and zero gas switching module 13. The sample gas and zero gas switching module 13 includes a multi-way switching valve and a zero gas generating device. The multi-way switching valve realizes the synchronous control of the switching of the air flow entering the four-way oscillating balance sensor between the sample air and the zero air. The four gas paths can be switched simultaneously. The switching valve is mainly composed of an outer structural member 1301, a slider 1302 and a driving wheel 1310. The slider 1302 is slidable left and right within the slot of the outer structure 1301 by the drive wheel 1310. A slot 1312 is designed on the slider 1302, a protruding roller 1313 is fixed on the driving wheel 1310, the roller 1313 is embedded in the slot 1312, and 1311 is a central shaft of the driving wheel 1310. The driving wheel 1310 is rotated about its central axis 1311 by a motor to provide a rotational torque, thereby causing the roller 1313 to change position. The roller 1313 slides up and down in the slot 1312, and simultaneously moves the slider 1302 left and right. The slider 1302 has two air passages, one is an upper through hole (e.g., 1307) and a lower through hole, and the other is a right-angle flow guide hole (e.g., 1308 and 1309). The straight-through air passage and the right-angle diversion air passage are respectively provided with 4 groups and respectively correspond to four sampling channels. As shown in FIG. 2a, four air inlet holes 1303, 1304, 1305 and 1306 on the upper portion of the external structural member 1301 are respectively communicated with four sampling air channels of the upper dehumidification channel. The lower 1314 and other air outlets are respectively communicated with the heating inlets of the lower part. In fig. 2a, the slider 1302 is in a gas-conducting state, the external structural member 1301 corresponds to the through hole of the slider 1302, and the gas path is directly conducted from top to bottom. As shown in fig. 2b, the slider is in a zero-air-conduction state, and the upper and lower right-angle air guiding holes of the slider 1302 are respectively communicated with the upper and lower air inlet and outlet holes of the external structural member 1301. The air flow enters from the air inlet of the external structure 1301, is guided to flow out of the switching valve through the sliding block 1302, flows into the sliding block 1302 after zero air treatment, and then flows out from the air outlet of the external structure 1301. Fig. 3 is a side view of the sample gas flow in the zero gas state, which is directed to condenser 1317, then filtered by filter membrane 1318 to form a zero gas free of particulate matter, and then returned to the switching valve. The condenser 1317 is made of fast heat conducting metal such as aluminum, and the semiconductor refrigeration piece 1320 can transfer heat from one side to the other side, so that refrigeration of the condenser on the left side is achieved. The other side of the cooling plate is connected with an aluminum cooling fin 1319 and a fan 1321 to radiate heat. The condenser 1317 is externally wrapped with a heat insulating material to reduce heat exchange with the outside. The condenser 1317 is equipped with a temperature sensor therein to control it to be maintained at a constant temperature. To improve the cooling efficiency of the air flow, the air path in the condenser 1317 may be designed in a serpentine shape. The filtration membrane 1318 has a filtration accuracy of at least 0.2 μm and can be replaced periodically.
1401 ~ 1404 are the heating parts of 4 way inlet pipes, are used for heating the sample gas to the constant temperature, play the purpose of reducing humidity on the one hand, on the other hand make the sample gas temperature keep unanimous with the oscillator of below and temperature in the casing. A temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in a gas circuit pipe at the lower part of each gas inlet pipe, each gas circuit can be independently heated and controlled by temperature, and meanwhile, the final humidity of sample gas can be measured. All power supply, control, sensor data acquisition, and the like of the heating part are realized by the circuit control module 1405. The temperature of the heated portion is usually set to 40 to 50 ℃.
The sample gas heating module is communicated with the oscillating balance sensor module. FIG. 4 is a top view of an oscillating balance sensor module, 1501-1504 are 4 independent oscillating balance sensor units, and the internal gas path is sealed and isolated. Each cell needs to be maintained at a constant temperature, heated separately and temperature controlled. The heater chip and temperature sensor of each pass are mounted to their own housing. The heating drive and temperature detection are implemented by the circuit control module 1505. The temperature of the sensor unit of the oscillating balance is usually set at 40-50 ℃, but it needs to be set at the same temperature value as the sample gas heating module 14.
Each oscillating balance unit is internally provided with a vibrator. Illustratively, a particle measurement membrane 1507 is mounted on top of the vibrator 1512. The measurement membrane 1507 is preferably made of quartz fiber to trap and collect particles. The outlet of each sampling pipe is opposite to the particle measurement membrane of the measurement oscillator, the oscillator is of a tubular hollow structure, air flow passes through the oscillator, and particles are captured by the measurement membrane under the action of the air flow. The total mass of the measurement membrane will change. Under the action of negative pressure of the gas circuit, the gas flow of each sampling tube sequentially passes through the measuring film and the measuring vibrator, and then enters a subsequent gas circuit.
The bottom of the vibrator is fixed on the shell, magnets 1513 and 1514 are fixed on two sides of the upper portion of the vibrator, the circuit control module 1505 drives the driving coil 1510 and detects signal feedback of the magnetic detection element 1511, and the vibrator is in a one-dimensional resonance state. The magnetic sensing element may be a hall element or a coil. The directions of the driving and detecting elements of each group of adjacent oscillating balance units are mutually vertical, so that the vibration directions of two adjacent vibrators are vertical. The design can avoid mutual interference when the vibrator vibrates, so that the frequency detection of the vibrator is more independent and more accurate.
The frequency of the resonator resonance has a certain correlation with the total mass of the measuring membrane. The frequency values of the time before and after a period of time are measured, and the mass change of the top measuring film in the period of time, namely the change of the mass of the accumulated particulate matters, can be calculated.
Δm＝m1-m0＝k0(1/f1 2-1/f0 2) (ii) a (formula 1)
Wherein: f. of1Is the current frequency value, f0Is an initial frequency value, m0As initial mass, k0Is the elastic coefficient. Then, the average mass concentration C in this time period is obtained.
C ═ Δ m/Δ V ═ Δ m/Q/Δ t; (formula 2)
Wherein: q is the gas path flow.
The sample gas and zero gas switching module 13 makes the gas path in the sample gas mode, and calculates the concentration assumed to be C by the formulas 1 and 21. In the zero gas mode, the concentration value C is obtained by calculation2. The final concentration is C1Minus C2. Since the particles volatilize in the zero gas state, C2The value is usually 0 or less. So that the final concentration is usually equal to or higher than C1。
Each path of oscillating balance sensor unit is respectively and independently measured at the same time, and TSP and PM are respectively obtained according to formulas 1 and 210、PM2.5And PM1The concentration of particulate matter of (a).
1608 is an air pump to provide negative pressure drive for all air channels. 1601-1605 are flow controllers, which realize accurate monitoring and control of the flow of each gas path. A particulate filter is installed before the flow controller to protect the flow controller. 1111 gas circuit is an auxiliary gas circuit, TSP gas inlet pipe 1102 and PM10Intake pipe 1104, PM2.5Intake pipe 1106, PM1The intake pipe 1109 is a main air passage. The cutters 1103, 1105, 1107 require a large flow rate to ensure cutting efficiency, while the main air path flow rate is small, so the total flow rate of each cutter is increased by the auxiliary air path.
The control main board 17 controls each flow controller in a communication manner, and communicates and controls with the switching and heating circuit control module 1405 and the oscillating balance circuit control module 1505. The switching and heating circuit control module and the oscillating balance circuit control module are mutually separated in circuit, so that mutual interference is avoided. The control motherboard 17 also collects data from the external meteorological module 18 for calculation of gas path pressure changes and for some algorithmic compensation internally. The control mainboard 17 can also control the start and stop of the pump.
The invention also discloses a particle monitoring method by using the oscillating balance method, which comprises the following steps:
the collected sample gas is divided by a gas sampling module;
pretreating the sample gas obtained by shunting, wherein the pretreatment comprises dehumidification, particle separation and/or heating;
and (3) the pretreated sample gas enters an oscillating balance sensor module, the concentrations of the particles in the sample gas mode and the zero gas mode are respectively measured through an internal vibrator and a measuring film, and the final concentration of the particles is obtained by subtracting the concentration in the zero gas mode from the concentration in the sample gas mode.
In conclusion, the invention realizes multi-parameter monitoring by the oscillating balance method, and TSP and PM are simultaneously measured in a single oscillating balance monitor10、PM2.5And PM1The data difference caused by the difference of the measurement environment and the equipment is reduced, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the occurrence of data hanging upside down is avoided; the same sampling air inlet is adopted for multiple parameters, the sample sources are the same source, the measurement is synchronous, and the measurement is more accurate; the design of the multi-way switching valve and the shunt cutting integrated cutter improves the integration level of the multi-parameter oscillation balance, greatly reduces the occupied space of equipment, and reduces the requirement on installation space.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The particulate matter monitoring equipment is characterized by comprising a gas sampling module, a sample gas pretreatment module, an oscillation balance sensor module and a control module, wherein the gas sampling module, the sample gas pretreatment module, the oscillation balance sensor module and the control module are arranged in parallel
The gas sampling module is used for inputting the collected sample gas and shunting the sample gas according to different monitoring parameters to be tested, wherein the monitoring parameters comprise TSP and PM10、PM2.5And/or PM1；
The system comprises a plurality of sample gas pretreatment modules, a plurality of sampling gas sampling module and a plurality of sampling gas sampling module, wherein the sample gas pretreatment modules are respectively used for pretreating sample gases of different flow paths output by the gas sampling modules, and the pretreatment comprises dehumidification, particle separation and/or heating;
the system comprises a plurality of oscillating balance sensor modules, a plurality of gas sampling modules and a plurality of gas sampling modules, wherein each oscillating balance sensor module comprises an independent oscillating balance sensor unit, a vibrator is arranged in each oscillating balance sensor unit, a measuring membrane is arranged at the top of each vibrator, the measuring membrane can intercept particulate matters, the mass of the measuring membrane on each vibrator changes after the sample gas output by a corresponding sample gas pretreatment module in a period of time, and the mass change of the measuring membrane in the period of time is obtained by measuring the vibration frequency values of the vibrators at the moment before and after the period of time, so that the concentration of each particulate matter in the sample gas output by the corresponding sample gas pretreatment module is respectively;
and the control module is used for inputting monitoring parameters to be measured and automatically controlling each module to execute corresponding operation.
2. The particulate matter monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the flow of the multi-path gas flow obtained by shunting the sample gas by the gas sampling module is controlled by a flow controller and maintained at a set value;
the gas sampling module is used for shunting sample gas in a particle size screening mode.
3. The particulate monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the sample gas pre-treatment module comprises a sample gas pre-dehumidification module for dehumidifying the sample gas to reduce the effect of humidity on the measurement;
the sample gas pre-dehumidification module comprises a plurality of independent proton exchange drying pipes, and each path of drying pipe uses the sampling airflow of the path which is subjected to dehumidification treatment as a back-blowing airflow to perform back-blowing.
4. The particulate monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the sample gas pretreatment module comprises a multi-way sample gas and zero gas switching module for measuring the concentration of volatile particulate;
the multi-path sample gas and zero gas switching module comprises a switching valve and a zero gas generating device, and the switching valve is used for controlling the gas flow entering the oscillating balance sensor module to be switched between the sample gas and the zero gas.
5. The particulate monitoring device of claim 4, wherein the switching valve comprises an external structure, a slider and a driving wheel, the slider comprises two gas paths, namely an upper through hole, a lower through hole and a right-angle flow guide hole, and when the upper through hole and the lower through hole are communicated, the gas paths are in a sample gas passing state; when the right-angle diversion hole is communicated, the air path is in a zero-air passing state.
6. The particulate monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein the zero gas generation device comprises a condenser and a filtering membrane, the condenser is made of metal and internally provided with a temperature sensor, and a gas path inside the condenser is a serpentine gas path; the filtration precision of the filtration membrane is at least 0.2 μm.
7. The particulate monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample gas pretreatment module comprises a sample gas heating module for heating the sample gas to a constant temperature;
a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in a gas circuit pipe at the lower part of each gas inlet pipe in the sample gas heating module, so that the temperature and the final humidity of the sample gas can be obtained simultaneously; wherein the temperature setting of the heating part is recommended to be 40-50 ℃.
8. The particulate monitoring device of claim 1 or 7, wherein the oscillating balance sensor module and the sample gas heating module are set at the same temperature value;
a particle measurement film is arranged on the top of the vibrator, and the particle measurement film is made of quartz fibers;
the vibrator is of a tubular hollow structure, the bottom of the vibrator is fixed on the shell, magnets are fixed on two sides of the upper portion of the vibrator, and the vibration directions of two adjacent vibrators are vertical.
9. The particulate monitoring apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an air pump and an external meteorological sensor module, the control module further comprising a control motherboard therein, wherein,
the air pump is used for providing negative pressure drive for all the air paths;
the control mainboard is used for controlling each flow controller and communicating and controlling the flow controllers, the sample gas and zero gas switching module, the circuit control module of the sample gas heating module and the circuit control module of the oscillating balance sensor module;
the control main board also collects data of the external meteorological sensor module and is used for calculating air pressure change of the air path.
10. A method of monitoring the concentration of particulate matter using the particulate matter monitoring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
the collected sample gas is divided by a gas sampling module;
pretreating the sample gas obtained by shunting, wherein the pretreatment comprises dehumidification, particle separation and/or heating;
and (3) the pretreated sample gas enters an oscillating balance sensor module, the concentrations of the particles in the sample gas mode and the zero gas mode are respectively measured through an internal vibrator and a measuring film, and the final concentration of the particles is obtained by subtracting the concentration in the zero gas mode from the concentration in the sample gas mode.
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