CN110631626A - A test device and method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spray fire, wherein the test device comprises an oil storage tank and a transformer body, and is characterized in that: the top of the transformer body is provided with a plurality of top openings; the top of the oil storage tank is communicated with a return pipe, and the bottom of the oil storage tank is communicated with two oil pipelines which are an oil injection pipeline and an oil spraying pipeline respectively; a low-pressure oil pump is arranged on one side of the oil injection pipeline close to the oil storage tank body, and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline is communicated with a top opening; the oil spraying pipeline is provided with a high-pressure oil pump at one side close to the oil storage tank body, the oil spraying pipeline is communicated with the top of the oil storage tank through a return pipe after passing through the high-pressure oil pump, an outlet of the oil spraying pipeline is connected with an oil mist nozzle, and the oil mist nozzle is fixed above the transformer body. The invention has the advantages of multiple functions, strong authenticity, simple composition and good operability. The invention has wide application range and can be widely applied to fire simulation tests of true transformers and effectiveness verification of fire extinguishing technology.

Description

A test device and method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of design of real transformer fire simulation test scheme and development of fire extinguishing technology in fire protection engineering, and in particular relates to a test device and method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire.

Background technique

Transformers of various voltage levels are the power hub in the electric energy Internet. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the transformer for a long time, dozens of tons or even hundreds of tons of hydrocarbon insulating mineral oil will be loaded inside it to play the role of insulation arc suppression and cooling and heat dissipation. role. Although this type of mineral oil has a relatively high flash point and will not be easily ignited under normal circumstances, its reserves are huge and its operating temperature is high. When the transformer fails, there may be a risk of fire and explosion. In addition, the transformer body in a large substation If a fire occurs, it will cause large-scale and long-term power outages, causing huge economic losses, and at the same time seriously threatening the safe and stable operation of the power grid. For this reason, it is of great significance to carry out transformer fire simulation test research to understand its real fire dynamic evolution process.

Although there are many subjective and objective factors that cause transformer fires, statistics show that arc discharge is the main cause of transformer fires, and most of the initial fires occur in high-voltage parts of transformers, such as rising seats and bushings. Explosions caused by local high-energy discharges caused tearing or damage to the equipment casing, causing internal transformer oil to overflow outwards, and overflow fires formed along the transformer body. Then a spray fire is formed. Due to the coexistence of the above-mentioned multiple fire forms, the difficulty of fire extinguishing has been increased, and even the existing fixed or mobile fire-fighting facilities cannot be extinguished. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a test device for simulating the overflow fire and spray fire of a true transformer. This device has the characteristics of strong authenticity, multiple functions, simple composition, and convenient operation. The combustion behavior and spread characteristics of overflow fire and spray fire can also be used as fire objects to test the feasibility and effectiveness of existing and new fire extinguishing technologies in extinguishing complex transformer fires.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a test device and method for simulating overflow fire and spray fire of a transformer with strong authenticity and multiple functions, so as to restore the dynamic evolution process of the transformer from ignition to complete combustion as truly as possible.

The test device for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire of the present invention includes an oil storage tank and a transformer body, the top of the transformer body is provided with several top openings; the top of the oil storage tank is connected with a return pipe, and the bottom is connected with two oil delivery pipes The oil injection pipeline and the oil spray pipeline are respectively; the oil injection pipeline is installed with a low-pressure oil pump on the side close to the oil storage tank, and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline is connected with a top opening; the oil spray pipeline is on the side close to the oil storage tank A high-pressure oil pump is installed. After passing through the high-pressure oil pump, the oil spray pipeline communicates with the top of the oil storage tank through the return pipe. The outlet of the oil spray pipeline is connected with an oil mist nozzle, and the oil mist nozzle is fixed above the transformer body.

The top of the transformer body is also equipped with a fixed bracket for fixing the oil injection pipeline, the oil mist nozzle pipeline and the oil mist nozzle; the periphery of the top of the transformer body is surrounded by stainless steel plates to form an oil pan; The pipeline and the support part are provided with holes, which can accommodate the oil injection pipeline and the fixed support to pass through; the oil-water boundary line is marked on the transformer body.

A pressure gauge, a flow meter, and a manual ball valve are sequentially installed between the low-pressure oil pump and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline; a pressure gauge and a manual ball valve are sequentially installed on the oil spray pipeline between the connection port of the return pipe and the oil mist nozzle; The oil pump and pressure gauge are connected with the control box through the line; a manual ball valve is installed on the return pipe.

The return pipe, the oil injection pipe and the oil spray pipe are all made of stainless steel pipes.

The bottom and side wall sealing structure of the transformer body.

The method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire using above-mentioned test device may further comprise the steps:

1) Inject a large amount of water into the transformer body through the top opening to the oil-water boundary, then turn on the low-pressure oil pump, inject transformer oil into the transformer body through the oil injection pipe until it is basically full, and then open a small amount of gasoline from the top for Ignite, and then ignite the transformer oil inside the transformer to preheat;

2) After preheating, turn on the low-pressure oil pump, so that the burning transformer oil overflows from the inside of the body until it flows out along the outer wall of the transformer to form an overflow fire;

3) Turn on the high-pressure oil pump to make the transformer oil flow out from the nozzle on the top of the body to form a spray fire;

4) After the test purpose is achieved, start the fixed or mobile transformer fire extinguishing device to extinguish the open fire, and shut down the oil pump.

In the step 1), when injecting oil, the rotation speed of the low-pressure oil pump is 950-1300r/min; the pressure is 0.28-0.36MPa, and the flow rate is 2.3-2.8m ³ /h.

In the step 2), the rotation speed of the low-pressure oil pump is 750-850r/min, the pressure is 0.20-0.26MPa, and the flow rate is 1.9-2.1m ³ /h.

In the step 3), the rotation speed of the high-pressure oil pump is 1000-1200r/min, and the pressure is 1.8-2.2MPa.

Principle of the present invention: the test device that can simulate transformer overflow fire and spray fire among the present invention, comprises oil storage tank unit, oil pipeline unit, transformer body unit, device principle diagram as shown in Figure 2; Oil storage tank unit serves as oil supply A large amount of transformer oil can be centrally stored in advance to provide sufficient fuel for simulating a transformer fire during the test; the oil pipeline unit, including oil pipelines and control and measuring components, separates the oil storage tank and the transformer body through long-distance high-pressure stainless steel pipes. Separate them to ensure a sufficient safety distance; the control and measuring components installed on the pipeline, including oil pumps, flow meters, pressure gauges, manual ball valves, and control boxes, adjust the speed of the oil pump through the control box, and then control the oil flow in the pipeline; Transformer body unit, including body body, top opening, top oil pan, and top oil mist nozzle. In the simulated fire test, by igniting the transformer oil inside the body, the flame emerges from the top opening, and then develops into the top The oil pool fire, while the oil spray is ignited, finally forms a fire form in which the transformer overflow fire and the spray fire coexist.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the device of the present invention is simple, can truly restore the occurrence process of a transformer fire, and has good application in simulating fire extinguishing. The invention has various functions, strong authenticity, simple composition and good operability. The invention has a wide range of applications and can be widely used in real transformer fire simulation tests and fire extinguishing technology effectiveness verification.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition and layout of the test device;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the test device;

Among them: 1 is the transformer body, 11 is the oil pan, 12 is the top opening, 13 is the oil-water boundary, 14 is the fixed bracket, 15 is the oil mist nozzle, 2 is the oil storage tank, 21 is the low-pressure oil pump, 22 is the pressure gauge , 23 is a flow meter, 24 is a manual ball valve, 25 is a control box, 26 is an oil injection pipeline, 27 is a high pressure oil pump, 28 is a return pipe, and 29 is an oil spray pipeline.

Detailed ways

Example 1

The test device of the simulated transformer overflow fire and spray fire of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, mainly includes a transformer body 1, and the top of the transformer body is provided with 3 circular top openings 12 for water injection and oil injection, The inside and outside of the transformer body 1 are marked with an oil-water boundary line 13, which is used to determine the amount of water added. A fixed bracket 14 is also installed on one side of the top side of the transformer body 14 to fix the oil pipeline and oil mist nozzle 15; The periphery of the top of the body 1 is surrounded by stainless steel plates to form a square oil pan 11; the oil pan 11 is provided with holes in the corresponding pipes and brackets, which can accommodate the oil filling pipes and fixed brackets to pass through; the transformer body 1 is a 10kV transformer The main body is 1.7 meters long, 1.8 meters wide, and 2 meters high. The bottom and side walls are sealed; the oil pan 11 is a rectangular oil pan with an area of about 3 square meters and a depth of 0.02 meters. The top openings 12 are three circular openings with a diameter of 0.2 meters.

The test device also includes an oil storage tank 2, the upper part of the oil storage tank 2 communicates with the return pipe 28, and the bottom communicates with the oil injection pipeline 26 and the oil spray pipeline 29; the oil injection pipeline 26 is sequentially installed with Low-pressure oil pump 21, pressure gauge 22, flow meter 23 and manual ball valve 24, the final outlet of oil injection pipeline 26 communicates with the opening 2 on the top of the transformer body, and is fixed by the fixing bracket 14. This structure can inject oil into the transformer body 1, The length of the oil injection pipeline can also be controlled, so that the oil storage tank 2 can not be ignited when an overflow fire or a spray fire is formed. The oil spray pipeline 29 is installed with a high-pressure oil pump 27, a pressure gauge 22 and a manual ball valve 24 successively from one end close to the oil storage tank casing. The outlet of the oil spray pipeline 29 is connected with the oil mist nozzle 15, and the oil spray pipeline 29 and the oil mist nozzle 15 is fixed on the top of the oil pan 11 through the fixed bracket 14, and does not contact the oil pan 11. The oil spray pipeline 29 is communicated with the return pipe 28 between the high-pressure oil pump 27 and the pressure gauge 22; The oil spray pipeline 29 device can supply oil to the oil mist nozzle 15 to form a spray fire. Also, by controlling the length of the oil spray pipeline 29, the low-pressure oil pump 21 and the pressure gauge 22 installed on the oil storage tank 2 can be prevented from being ignited by the spray fire. The high-pressure oil pump 27 and the pressure gauge 22 installed on the oil spray pipeline 29 are connected to the same control box 25 by wires.

Among them, the volume of the oil storage tank ² is 0.5m3; the oil mist nozzle 15 is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of the hole at the nozzle is 0.5 mm; the return pipe 28, the oil injection pipe 26 and the oil spray pipe 29 are all pressure-resistant stainless steel pipes; the low-pressure oil pump 21 The pressure is 0.36 MPa, the flow rate is 3 cubic meters per hour; the range of the pressure gauge 22 is 0.6 MPa to 2.5 MPa; the flow meter 23 is an intelligent turbine flow meter, which is used to monitor the amount of oil injected into the transformer body in real time ; Manual ball valve 24 models are DN15 and DN25.

Example 2

experiment method:

1) Inject a large amount of water into the transformer body through the top opening 12 (inject a large amount of water first to reduce the amount of transformer oil used in the overflow fire test), to the oil-water boundary line 13, and then turn on the low-pressure oil pump 21, (through the control box 25 Set the rotation speed of the oil pump 21 to 1000r/min, read the pressure of the pressure gauge 22 to 0.3MPa, and read the flow rate of the flowmeter to 2.5m ³ /h) inject transformer oil into the transformer body 1 through the oil injection pipeline 26, until the basic installation Fill the transformer body 1, then inject a small amount of gasoline into the transformer body for ignition, and finally ignite the gasoline to preheat for 2 minutes.

2) After the preheating is completed, turn on the low-pressure oil pump 21 again (set the speed of the oil pump 21 to 800r/min through the control box 25, read the pressure of the pressure gauge 22 to 0.25MPa, and read the flow rate of the flow meter to 2m ³ /h) through oil injection The pipeline 26 injects transformer oil into the transformer body 1, so that the fire gradually overflows from the transformer body 1 until it flows out along the outer wall of the transformer to form an overflow fire.

3) After the overflow fire is formed, turn on the high-pressure oil pump 27 (the speed of the oil pump 27 is set to 1100r/min through the control box 25, and the pressure of the pressure gauge 22 is read as 2Mpa), so that the transformer oil passes through the oil spray pipe 29 to the oil mist nozzle 15 , so that the transformer oil is sprayed from the oil mist nozzle 15 and ignited by the overflow fire to form a spray fire.

4) After the test purpose is achieved, start the fixed or mobile transformer fire extinguishing device to extinguish the open fire, and shut down the oil pump.

Claims (9)

1. A test device for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire, including an oil storage tank and a transformer body, characterized in that: the top of the transformer body is provided with several top openings; the top of the oil storage tank is connected with a return pipe, and the bottom is connected There are two oil pipelines, namely the oil injection pipeline and the oil spray pipeline; the oil injection pipeline is installed with a low-pressure oil pump on the side close to the oil storage tank, and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline is connected with a top opening; the oil spray pipeline is near the oil storage tank box A high-pressure oil pump is installed on one side of the tank. After passing through the high-pressure oil pump, the oil spray pipe is connected to the top of the oil storage tank through the return pipe. The outlet of the oil spray pipe is connected to an oil mist nozzle, and the oil mist nozzle is fixed above the transformer body. 2. The test device for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 1, characterized in that, the top of the transformer body is also equipped with a fixed bracket for fixing the oil injection pipeline, oil mist nozzle pipeline and oil mist The nozzle; the top periphery of the transformer body is surrounded by stainless steel plates to form an oil pan; the oil pan is provided with holes in the corresponding pipe and support part, which can accommodate the oil filling pipe and fixed support to pass through; the transformer body is marked with Oil-water boundary. 3. the test device of simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between the low-pressure oil pump of described oil injection pipeline and the outlet, pressure gauge, flow meter and manual ball valve are installed successively; The spray pipe is installed with a pressure gauge and a manual ball valve in sequence between the connection port of the return pipe and the oil mist nozzle; the oil pump and pressure gauge are connected to the control box through a line; a manual ball valve is installed on the return pipe. 4. The test device for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 1, characterized in that, said return pipe, oil injection pipeline and oil spray pipeline all adopt stainless steel pipes. 5. The test device for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom and side walls of the transformer body are sealed. 6. A method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: 1) Inject a large amount of water into the transformer body through the top opening to the oil-water boundary, then turn on the low-pressure oil pump, inject transformer oil into the transformer body through the oil injection pipe until it is basically full, and then open a small amount of gasoline from the top for Ignite, and then ignite the transformer oil inside the transformer to preheat; 2) After preheating, turn on the low-pressure oil pump, so that the burning transformer oil overflows from the inside of the body until it flows out along the outer wall of the transformer to form an overflow fire; 3) Turn on the high-pressure oil pump to make the transformer oil flow out from the nozzle on the top of the body to form a spray fire; 4) After the test purpose is achieved, start the fixed or mobile transformer fire extinguishing device to extinguish the open fire, and shut down the oil pump. 7. The method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 6, characterized in that, in said step 1), during oil injection, the rotating speed of the low pressure oil pump is 950～1300r/min; the pressure is 0.28～0.36MPa , the flow rate is 2.3～2.8m ³ /h. 8. the method for simulating transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step 2), the rotating speed of low-pressure oil pump is 750～850r/min, and pressure is 0.20～0.26MPa, and flow rate is 1.9～2.1m ³ /h. 9. The method for simulating a transformer overflow fire and spray fire according to claim 6, characterized in that, in the step 3), the high-pressure oil pump has a rotating speed of 1000-1200r/min and a pressure of 1.8-2.2MPa.

Images