CN110631626A - Test device and method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire - Google Patents
Test device and method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire Download PDFInfo
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- CN110631626A CN110631626A CN201910933648.7A CN201910933648A CN110631626A CN 110631626 A CN110631626 A CN 110631626A CN 201910933648 A CN201910933648 A CN 201910933648A CN 110631626 A CN110631626 A CN 110631626A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spray fire, wherein the test device comprises an oil storage tank and a transformer body, and is characterized in that: the top of the transformer body is provided with a plurality of top openings; the top of the oil storage tank is communicated with a return pipe, and the bottom of the oil storage tank is communicated with two oil pipelines which are an oil injection pipeline and an oil spraying pipeline respectively; a low-pressure oil pump is arranged on one side of the oil injection pipeline close to the oil storage tank body, and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline is communicated with a top opening; the oil spraying pipeline is provided with a high-pressure oil pump at one side close to the oil storage tank body, the oil spraying pipeline is communicated with the top of the oil storage tank through a return pipe after passing through the high-pressure oil pump, an outlet of the oil spraying pipeline is connected with an oil mist nozzle, and the oil mist nozzle is fixed above the transformer body. The invention has the advantages of multiple functions, strong authenticity, simple composition and good operability. The invention has wide application range and can be widely applied to fire simulation tests of true transformers and effectiveness verification of fire extinguishing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of design of a fire simulation test scheme of a true transformer and development of a fire extinguishing technology in fire engineering, and particularly relates to a test device and a method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire.
Background
The transformers of various voltage grades are power hubs in the power energy Internet, tens of tons or even hundreds of tons of hydrocarbon insulating mineral oil can be filled into the transformers to ensure the long-time safe and stable operation of the transformers, and the effects of insulating arc extinction, cooling and heat dissipation are achieved. Although the mineral oil has a high flash point and cannot be easily ignited under normal conditions, the mineral oil has a huge reserve and high operating temperature, and the transformer is likely to have fire and explosion risks when in failure. Therefore, the development of the transformer fire simulation test research is of great significance for understanding the real fire dynamics evolution process.
Although there are many subjective and objective factors causing transformer fire, it is statistically found that arcing is the main cause of transformer fire, and most of the initial fire occurs at high voltage parts of the transformer, such as elevated seats, bushings, etc. The explosion is caused by the local high-energy discharge, so that the shell of the equipment is torn or damaged, the internal transformer oil overflows outwards, an overflow fire is formed along the transformer body, and meanwhile, a large amount of internal transformer oil is cracked to generate high-pressure combustible gas which is sprayed outwards to form spray fire. Due to the coexistence of the multiple fire forms, the fire extinguishing difficulty is increased, and even the situation that the existing fixed or movable fire-fighting equipment cannot extinguish occurs. Therefore, the device for simulating the overflowing fire and the spraying fire of the true transformer has important practical significance, has the characteristics of strong authenticity, multiple functions, simple composition, convenience in operation and the like, can be used for researching the combustion behavior and the spreading characteristics of the overflowing fire and the spraying fire of the true transformer, can also be used as an ignition object, and can be used for verifying the feasibility and the effectiveness of the existing and novel fire extinguishing technologies in the process of extinguishing the fire of the complex transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and a method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire with strong authenticity and multiple functions, and the dynamic evolution process from ignition to complete combustion of a transformer is reduced as truly as possible.
The invention relates to a test device for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire, which comprises an oil storage tank and a transformer body, wherein the top of the transformer body is provided with a plurality of top openings; the top of the oil storage tank is communicated with a return pipe, and the bottom of the oil storage tank is communicated with two oil pipelines which are an oil injection pipeline and an oil spraying pipeline respectively; a low-pressure oil pump is arranged at one side end of the oil injection pipeline close to the oil storage tank body, and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline is communicated with a top opening; the oil spraying pipeline is provided with a high-pressure oil pump at one side close to the oil storage tank body, the oil spraying pipeline is communicated with the top of the oil storage tank through a return pipe after passing through the high-pressure oil pump, an outlet of the oil spraying pipeline is connected with an oil mist nozzle, and the oil mist nozzle is fixed above the transformer body.
The top of the transformer body is also provided with a fixed bracket for fixing an oil injection pipeline, an oil mist nozzle pipeline and an oil mist nozzle; the periphery of the top of the transformer body is enclosed and blocked by a stainless steel plate to form an oil pan; the oil pan is provided with a pore channel at the corresponding pipeline and the bracket part separately, and an oil injection pipeline and a fixed bracket can pass through the pore channel; an oil-water boundary is marked on the transformer body.
A pressure gauge, a flowmeter and a manual ball valve are sequentially arranged between the low-pressure oil pump and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline; the oil spraying pipeline is arranged between the connecting port of the oil spraying pipeline and the return pipe and the oil mist nozzle, and is sequentially provided with a pressure gauge and a manual ball valve; the oil pump and the pressure gauge are connected with the control box through a line; the return pipe is provided with a manual ball valve.
The return pipe, the oil injection pipeline and the oil spraying pipeline are all made of stainless steel pipes.
The bottom and the side wall of the transformer body are sealed.
The method for simulating the transformer overflowing fire and the atomizing fire by adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
1) injecting a large amount of water into the transformer body through the top opening to reach an oil-water boundary, then starting a low-pressure oil pump, injecting transformer oil into the transformer body through an oil injection pipeline until the transformer body is basically full, then opening a small amount of gasoline from the top for ignition, then igniting the transformer oil in the transformer, and preheating;
2) after preheating, starting a low-pressure oil pump to enable ignited transformer oil to overflow from the interior of the transformer body until the transformer oil flows out along the outer wall surface of the transformer to form overflow fire;
3) starting a high-pressure oil pump to enable the transformer oil to flow out from a nozzle at the top of the transformer body to form spray fire;
4) after the purpose of the test is achieved, the fixed or movable transformer fire extinguishing device is started to extinguish the open fire, and the oil pump is shut down.
In the step 1), the rotating speed of the low-pressure oil pump is 950-1300 r/min during oil injection; the pressure is 0.28-0.36 MPa, and the flow rate is 2.3-2.8 m3/h。
In the step 2), the rotating speed of the low-pressure oil pump is 750-850 r/min, the pressure is 0.20-0.26 MPa, and the flow rate is 1.9-2.1 m3/h。
In the step 3), the rotating speed of the high-pressure oil pump is 1000-1200 r/min, and the pressure is 1.8-2.2 MPa.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the test device capable of simulating the transformer overflowing fire and the spraying fire comprises an oil storage tank unit, an oil pipeline unit and a transformer body unit, and the schematic diagram of the device is shown in FIG. 2; the oil storage tank unit is used as an oil supply source, and can store a large amount of transformer oil in advance so as to provide sufficient fuel for simulating a transformer fire in the test process; the oil pipeline unit comprises an oil pipeline and control and measurement elements, and an oil storage tank is separated from the transformer body through a long-distance high-pressure-resistant stainless steel pipe, so that a sufficient safety distance is ensured; the control and measurement elements arranged on the pipeline comprise an oil pump, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge, a manual ball valve and a control box, and the rotating speed of the oil pump is regulated by the control box so as to control the flow of oil transportation in the pipeline; the transformer body unit comprises a body, a top opening hole, a top oil pan and a top oil mist nozzle, and in a simulated fire experiment, flame emerges from the top opening hole by igniting transformer oil in the body, then the flame develops into top oil pool fire, and meanwhile oil mist is ignited, and finally a fire form with coexistence of transformer overflow fire and spray fire is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device of the invention is simple, can truly reduce the fire occurrence process of the transformer, and has good application in the aspect of simulated fire extinguishing. The invention has the advantages of multiple functions, strong authenticity, simple composition and good operability. The invention has wide application range and can be widely applied to fire simulation tests of true transformers and effectiveness verification of fire extinguishing technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the test apparatus composition and layout;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the test apparatus;
wherein: 1 is a transformer body, 11 is an oil pan, 12 is a top opening, 13 is an oil-water boundary, 14 is a fixed support, 15 is an oil mist nozzle, 2 is an oil storage tank, 21 is a low-pressure oil pump, 22 is a pressure gauge, 23 is a flow meter, 24 is a manual ball valve, 25 is a control box, 26 is an oil injection pipeline, 27 is a high-pressure oil pump, 28 is a return pipe, and 29 is an oil spray pipeline.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the test device for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire mainly comprises a transformer body 1, wherein the top of the transformer body is provided with 3 circular top openings 12 for water and oil injection, oil-water boundary lines 13 are marked inside and outside the transformer body 1 and used for determining the adding amount of water, and one side of the top edge of the transformer body 14 is also provided with a fixed support 14 for fixing an oil pipeline and an oil mist nozzle 15; the periphery of the top of the transformer body 1 is enclosed and blocked by a stainless steel plate to form a square oil pan 11; the oil pan 11 is provided with a pore channel at the corresponding pipeline and bracket part, and an oil injection pipeline and a fixed bracket can pass through the pore channel; the transformer body 1 is a 10kV transformer body, the main body is 1.7 meters long, 1.8 meters wide and 2 meters high, and the bottom and the side wall are closed; the oil pan 11 is a rectangular oil pan having an area of about 3 square meters and a depth of 0.02 meters. The top opening 12 is 3 circular openings with a diameter of 0.2 m.
The testing device also comprises an oil storage tank 2, the upper part of the oil storage tank 2 is communicated with a return pipe 28, and the bottom part of the oil storage tank 2 is communicated with an oil filling pipeline 26 and an oil spraying pipeline 29; the oil injection pipeline 26 is sequentially provided with a low-pressure oil pump 21, a pressure gauge 22, a flow meter 23 and a manual ball valve 24 from one end close to the oil storage tank body, the final outlet of the oil injection pipeline 26 is communicated with the opening 2 at the top of the transformer body and is fixed through the fixing support 14, the structure can inject oil into the transformer body 1, the length of the oil injection pipeline can be controlled, and the oil storage tank 2 cannot be ignited when overflowing fire or spraying fire is formed. The oil spray pipeline 29 is provided with a high-pressure oil pump 27, a pressure gauge 22 and a manual ball valve 24 in sequence from one end close to the oil storage tank body, the outlet of the oil spray pipeline 29 is connected with the oil mist nozzle 15, and the oil spray pipeline 29 and the oil mist nozzle 15 are fixed above the oil pan 11 through the fixing support 14 and are not in contact with the oil pan 11. An oil spray pipe 29 is arranged between the high-pressure oil pump 27 and the pressure gauge 22 and communicated with the return pipe 28; the return pipe 28 is fitted with a manual ball valve 24 at an end of the tank adjacent to the reservoir 2. The oil spray pipeline 29 device can supply oil to the oil spray nozzle 15 to form spray fire, and the spray fire can be prevented from igniting the low-pressure oil pump 21 arranged on the oil filling pipeline 26 of the oil storage tank 2 and the pressure gauge 22 by controlling the length of the oil spray pipeline 29 and is connected with the same control tank 25 through leads; the high-pressure oil pump 27 and the pressure gauge 22 mounted on the oil spray pipe 29 are connected to the same control box 25 through wires.
Wherein the volume of the oil storage tank 2 is 0.5m3(ii) a The oil mist nozzle 15 is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of a hole at the nozzle is 0.5 mm; the return pipe 28, the oil filling pipeline 26 and the oil spraying pipeline 29 are all pressure-resistant stainless steel pipes; the pressure of the low-pressure oil pump 21 is 0.36MPa, and the flow rate is 3 cubic meters per hour; the range of the pressure gauge 22 is 0.6 MPa to 2.5 MPa; the flowmeter 23 is an intelligent turbine flowmeter and is used for monitoring the quantity of oil injected into the transformer body in real time; the manual ball valve 24 has models DN15 and DN 25.
Example 2
The test method comprises the following steps:
1) injecting a large amount of water into the transformer body through the top opening 12 (injecting a large amount of water into the transformer body firstly to reduce the using amount of transformer oil in an overflow fire test) to an oil-water boundary 13, then starting the low-pressure oil pump 21, (setting the rotating speed of the oil pump 21 to be 1000r/min through the control box 25, reading the pressure of the pressure gauge 22 to be 0.3MPa, and reading the flow of the flow meter to be 2.5m3And h) injecting transformer oil into the transformer body 1 through the oil injection pipeline 26 until the transformer body 1 is basically filled, then injecting a small amount of gasoline into the transformer body for ignition, and finally igniting the gasoline for preheating for 2 min.
2) After preheating is finished, the low-pressure oil pump 21 is started again (the rotating speed of the oil pump 21 is set to be 800r/min through the control box 25, the pressure of the reading pressure gauge 22 is 0.25MPa, and the flow of the reading flow meter is 2m3And h) injecting transformer oil into the transformer body 1 through the oil injection pipeline 26, wherein fire gradually overflows from the transformer body 1 until the fire flows out along the outer wall of the transformer to form overflow fire.
3) After the flash fire is formed, the high-pressure oil pump 27 is started (the rotating speed of the oil pump 27 is set to be 1100r/min through the control box 25, the pressure of the pressure gauge 22 is read to be 2Mpa), and the transformer oil enters the oil mist spray pipeline 29 to reach the oil mist nozzle 15, so that the transformer oil is sprayed out of the oil mist nozzle 15 and is ignited by the flash fire to form the spray fire.
4) After the purpose of the test is achieved, the fixed or movable transformer fire extinguishing device is started to extinguish the open fire, and the oil pump is shut down.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a test device of simulation transformer excessive flow fire and spraying fire, including batch oil tank and transformer ware body, its characterized in that: the top of the transformer body is provided with a plurality of top openings; the top of the oil storage tank is communicated with a return pipe, and the bottom of the oil storage tank is communicated with two oil pipelines which are an oil injection pipeline and an oil spraying pipeline respectively; a low-pressure oil pump is arranged on one side of the oil injection pipeline close to the oil storage tank body, and the outlet of the oil injection pipeline is communicated with a top opening; the oil spraying pipeline is provided with a high-pressure oil pump at one side close to the oil storage tank body, the oil spraying pipeline is communicated with the top of the oil storage tank through a return pipe after passing through the high-pressure oil pump, an outlet of the oil spraying pipeline is connected with an oil mist nozzle, and the oil mist nozzle is fixed above the transformer body.
2. The test device for simulating the transformer overflowing fire and the atomizing fire according to claim 1, wherein a fixing bracket is further installed at the top of the transformer body and used for fixing the oil injection pipeline, the oil mist nozzle pipeline and the oil mist nozzle; the periphery of the top of the transformer body is enclosed and blocked by a stainless steel plate to form an oil pan; the oil pan is provided with a pore channel at the corresponding pipeline and the bracket part separately, and an oil injection pipeline and a fixed bracket can pass through the pore channel; an oil-water boundary is marked on the transformer body.
3. The test device for simulating the transformer overflowing fire and the atomizing fire according to claim 1, wherein a pressure gauge, a flowmeter and a manual ball valve are sequentially arranged between a low-pressure oil pump and an outlet of the oil injection pipeline; the oil spraying pipeline is arranged between the connecting port of the oil spraying pipeline and the return pipe and the oil mist nozzle, and is sequentially provided with a pressure gauge and a manual ball valve; the oil pump and the pressure gauge are connected with the control box through a line; the return pipe is provided with a manual ball valve.
4. The test device for simulating transformer flooding fire and oil mist fire according to claim 1, wherein the return pipe, the oil injection pipeline and the oil mist pipeline are all made of stainless steel pipes.
5. The test device for simulating transformer flooding fire and atomizing fire according to claim 1, wherein the bottom and the side wall of the transformer body are sealed.
6. A method for simulating transformer overflowing fire and spraying fire according to the test device of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
1) injecting a large amount of water into the transformer body through the top opening to reach an oil-water boundary, then starting a low-pressure oil pump, injecting transformer oil into the transformer body through an oil injection pipeline until the transformer body is basically full, then opening a small amount of gasoline from the top for ignition, then igniting the transformer oil in the transformer, and preheating;
2) after preheating, starting a low-pressure oil pump to enable ignited transformer oil to overflow from the interior of the transformer body until the transformer oil flows out along the outer wall surface of the transformer to form overflow fire;
3) starting a high-pressure oil pump to enable the transformer oil to flow out from a nozzle at the top of the transformer body to form spray fire;
4) after the purpose of the test is achieved, the fixed or movable transformer fire extinguishing device is started to extinguish the open fire, and the oil pump is shut down.
7. The method for simulating the transformer overflowing fire and the atomizing fire according to claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the rotating speed of the low-pressure oil pump is 950-1300 r/min during oil injection; the pressure is 0.28-0.36 MPa, and the flow rate is 2.3-2.8 m3/h。
8. The method for simulating transformer fire overflow and spray according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2), the rotation speed of the low-pressure oil pump is 750-850 r/min, the pressure is 0.20-0.26 MPa, and the flow rate is 1.9-2.1 m3/h。
9. The method for simulating transformer fire overflow and spray according to claim 6, wherein in the step 3), the rotation speed of the high-pressure oil pump is 1000-1200 r/min, and the pressure is 1.8-2.2 MPa.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112121350A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-25 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Environment-friendly transformer multi-fire-type simulation system |
| CN113358384A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-07 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Ignition simulation device and method for fire test of true transformer |
| CN113628523A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Ignition platform and method for fire extinguishing test of true transformer and flame testing system |
| CN114325498A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Oil control device and method for entity fire test of extra-high voltage alternating-current transformer |
| CN115192951A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Dry powder and water or foam spray fire extinguishing system combined test platform and test method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112121350A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-25 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Environment-friendly transformer multi-fire-type simulation system |
| CN113358384A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-07 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Ignition simulation device and method for fire test of true transformer |
| CN113358384B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-03-14 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Ignition simulation device and method for fire test of true transformer |
| CN113628523A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Ignition platform and method for fire extinguishing test of true transformer and flame testing system |
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| CN114325498B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-09-12 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Extra-high voltage alternating-current transformer entity fire test oil control device and method |
| CN115192951A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Dry powder and water or foam spray fire extinguishing system combined test platform and test method |
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