CN110630240B - Carbonate reservoir multi-stage alternate acid fracturing discharge capacity optimization method - Google Patents
Carbonate reservoir multi-stage alternate acid fracturing discharge capacity optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110630240B CN110630240B CN201911060048.0A CN201911060048A CN110630240B CN 110630240 B CN110630240 B CN 110630240B CN 201911060048 A CN201911060048 A CN 201911060048A CN 110630240 B CN110630240 B CN 110630240B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonate reservoir multi-stage alternate acid fracturing discharge capacity optimization method, which comprises the following steps: (a) calculating the surface-to-volume ratio of the reservoir to be subjected to acid fracturing
Wherein S: reservoir rock reaction area; v: the volume of acid solution participating in the reaction; (b) calculating the maximum construction displacement which can be borne by the reservoir in combination with the surface-to-volume ratio; (c) determining actual construction displacement according to the pressure bearing capacity of ground equipment; (d) determining the dosage of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each stage according to the acid fracturing design scheme; and (4) dividing the consumption of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level by the actual construction discharge capacity to obtain the injection time of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level. The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the discharge capacity of a carbonate reservoir in a multi-stage alternating acid fracturing manner, so as to solve the problem that the discharge capacity of the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing manner in the prior art is based on the performance of ground equipment and lacksThe problem of reservoir factor consideration realizes the purposes of optimizing the discharge capacity parameter of the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing based on face-to-face comparison and improving the acid fracturing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of acid fracturing production increase, in particular to a method for optimizing the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing discharge capacity of a carbonate reservoir.
Background
Acid fracturing means that acid liquor is squeezed into a reservoir under the condition that the fracture pressure of the reservoir is higher than the fracture pressure of the reservoir or the closing pressure of a natural fracture, a fracture is formed in the reservoir, meanwhile, the acid liquor reacts with rocks on the wall surface of the fracture, the wall rock of the fracture is etched in a non-uniform mode to form a groove-shaped or uneven etched fracture, the fracture is not completely fractured after construction, an artificial fracture with a certain geometric dimension and flow conductivity is finally formed, the seepage condition of an oil-gas well is improved, and therefore the yield of the oil-gas well is increased. The acid fracturing does not generally use a propping agent, but depends on the non-uniform etching of the acid liquor on the wall surface of the crack to generate certain flow conductivity. The multistage alternate acid fracturing process is an acid fracturing process for alternately injecting the pad fluid and the acid fluid, is suitable for a reservoir with a large fluid loss coefficient, and can obtain a relatively obvious effect on a stratum with small reservoir pressure and uniform lithology if a good flowback technology is available. Taking the large-scale repeated multi-stage alternative acid fracturing of the United states Kadun-Wu-Bay oilfield, oil reservoir simulation shows that the effective acid-etched fracture length reaches 91-244 m, and the yield increasing effect is obvious. At present, certain effect is achieved in the yield increase transformation of carbonate rock reservoirs such as Changqing oil fields, plain gas fields, Chuandong gas fields, Tahe oil fields and the like in China.
In the prior art, the injection amount of each stage of pad fluid and acid liquor is required to be determined in multistage alternating acid fracturing, then the construction discharge capacity is determined, and the injection amount is divided by the construction discharge capacity to determine the on-site injection time. With respect to the injection amount, a large number of scholars in the art have studied through various modeling methods. For the construction discharge capacity, the capacity of ground equipment is exerted as much as possible, and acid is injected at the maximum discharge capacity, so that acid liquid can flow into the deep reservoir as soon as possible after having no time to react completely.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the discharge capacity of a carbonate reservoir in a multistage alternating acid fracturing manner, which aims to solve the problems that the discharge capacity of the multistage alternating acid fracturing is based on the performance of ground equipment and the consideration of reservoir factors is lacked in the prior art, optimize the discharge capacity parameters of the multistage alternating acid fracturing based on surface-to-volume ratio and improve the acid fracturing effect.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a carbonate reservoir multi-stage alternate acid fracturing displacement optimization method comprises the following steps:
(a) calculating the surface-to-volume ratio of the reservoir to be subjected to acid fracturing
Wherein S: reservoir rock reaction area; v: the volume of acid solution participating in the reaction;
(b) calculating the maximum construction displacement which can be borne by the reservoir in combination with the surface-to-volume ratio;
(c) determining actual construction displacement according to the pressure bearing capacity of ground equipment;
(d) determining the dosage of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each stage according to the acid fracturing design scheme; and (4) dividing the consumption of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level by the actual construction discharge capacity to obtain the injection time of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level.
Aiming at the problems that the discharge capacity of the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing is based on the performance of ground equipment and the consideration of reservoir factors is lacked in the prior art, the invention provides a method for optimizing the discharge capacity of the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing of a carbonate reservoir, and the surface-to-volume ratio is taken as the consideration factor influencing the discharge capacity of the acid fracturing. The surface-to-volume ratio represents the ratio of the reaction area of the rock in the acid-rock reaction system to the volume of the acid liquid participating in the reaction, the larger the surface-to-volume ratio is, the more molecules of the acid liquid in a certain volume are contacted with the rock, the larger the chance of the reaction is, and the faster the reaction speed is. The inventor finds that in the research process, in the storage of large surface-to-volume ratio such as small-diameter pores or narrow cracks, the acid-rock reaction time is extremely short, the acid-rock reaction speed is nearly close to the surface reaction speed, the conventional inference shows that the reaction speed is high, the acidizing effect of acid liquor on rock strata is good, and theoretically, a good acid fracturing effect should be obtained, however, in the actual production increasing process, the contrary conclusion is drawn, namely, the acid fracturing operation with short reaction time and high speed is not obvious in the production increasing effect, but the surface-to-volume ratio and the reaction speed are in a positive correlation relationship, so that after a great deal of research, the inventor draws a conclusion that the surface-to-volume ratio should react on the acid fracturing discharge capacity, specifically, the larger the discharge capacity is, the larger the liquid pressure is, for a large-surface-to-volume-ratio reservoir stratum, the acid liquor can be more quickly pushed out to the rock strata, so as to reduce the retention time of the acid liquor in the vicinity of a well bore, The influence of excessive reaction speed on the prior large consumption of the acid liquor is reduced. On the basis of the research, the applicant provides the application, the surface-to-volume ratio is reversely brought into the calculation process of the construction discharge capacity, and when the maximum construction discharge capacity of the acid fracturing construction is calculated, the surface-to-volume ratio factor is considered, so that the larger the surface-to-volume ratio is, the larger the maximum construction discharge capacity is; the smaller the surface-to-volume ratio is, the smaller the maximum construction displacement is; the formation is quickly pressed open by large discharge capacity for a reservoir with small hole gaps, so that subsequent acid liquid can quickly enter the deep part of the formation, and the formation is gradually eroded by small discharge capacity for a reservoir with large hole gaps, so that a stable, continuous and large-size seepage channel which is not easy to completely close is formed, the possible closing risk of an acid fracturing process without using a propping agent is overcome, and a more sufficient closing space is reserved for the closing of the acid fracturing channel after the pressure of the formation is released. Of course, the pressure-bearing capacity of the ground equipment still needs to be considered in the actual construction displacement in the scheme, the safety of ground operators needs to be fully guaranteed, and the actual construction displacement is within the pressure-bearing capacity range of the ground equipment regardless of the size. After the actual construction discharge capacity is determined by the method, the dosage of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level is determined by the acid fracturing design scheme, and the injection time of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level can be obtained by dividing the dosage by the actual construction discharge capacity. The usage amount of the pad fluid and the acid fluid at each stage can be calculated in the field construction design, and can be determined by other modeling or calculation methods in the prior art, which is not described herein again. Compared with the mode that the actual construction displacement is only based on the performance of ground equipment and is lack of consideration of reservoir factors in the prior art, for small hole gaps, the method can rapidly press open the stratum through the pad fluid, so that the subsequent acid liquor can rapidly enter the deep part of the stratum, the length of the acid-etched crack is increased, and the leakage area around the shaft is increased; for the large hole gap, a stable, continuous and large-size seepage channel which is not easy to completely close is formed, so that the possible closing risk of an acid fracturing process without using a propping agent is overcome, and a more sufficient closing space is reserved for closing the acid fracturing channel after the formation pressure is released.
Further, the surface-to-volume ratio of the reservoir to be subjected to acid fracturing
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
if the reservoir flow channel is a pore, then
Wherein d is the average pore diameter and L is the average pore length;
if the reservoir flow channel is a horizontal fracture, then
Wherein R isfThe average radius of the horizontal crack, W is the crack width;
if the reservoir flow channel is a double-wing vertical fracture, then
Wherein W is the crack width, H is the crack height, and L is the single wing crack length.
It can be seen that for horizontal fractures and double-wing vertical fractures, the face-to-face ratio calculation formula is consistent after simplification, that is, for reservoir flow channels of fractures, the face-to-face ratio can be obtained only by obtaining the fracture width. The physical property parameters of each reservoir in the scheme can be obtained in the prior geological exploration, and the physical property parameters belong to known quantities for any oil and gas trap which is developed and produced. Preferably, if the reservoir has a coring operation, the obtained physical parameters of the reservoir are more accurate.
Further, the maximum construction displacement is calculated by the following method:
wherein KavIs the average permeability of the reservoir, h is the reservoir thickness, pFTo the formation fracture pressure, psIs wellbore pressure, μ is acid viscosity, reEffective percolation radius, rwIs the wellbore radius, and a is the empirical coefficient.
Further, if the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is greater than or equal to the maximum construction displacement qmaxIf the actual construction displacement q is qmax；
If the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is smaller than the maximum construction displacement qmaxAnd the actual construction displacement is equal to 0.9 time of the upper limit of the pressure bearing of the ground equipment.
When the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is larger than or equal to the maximum construction displacement, the acid fracturing operation is carried out by using the maximum construction displacement obtained by calculation, and the maximum construction displacement is remarkably improved compared with the prior art because a surface-to-volume ratio factor is introduced and the influence of the physical property of a reservoir and the acid liquid performance is fully considered.
When the pressure bearing capacity of ground equipment is smaller than the maximum construction displacement, the limitation of the equipment is hindered, the maximum construction displacement can be reduced only, and 0.9 time of the maximum construction displacement is taken as the actual construction displacement.
Furthermore, the use amounts of the pad fluid and the acid solution are increased step by step. Namely, the dosage of each stage of pad fluid is gradually increased; the same applies to acid solutions. The inventor also found in the research process that when the acid solution is reacted for a certain time, a large amount of CaCl is already present in the acid solution2And MgCl2，Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-The concentration of ions in the acid liquor is increased, so that the mutual restraint effect among the ions is obviously enhanced, the free movement of the ions becomes difficult gradually, the apparent ionization degree is reduced for the acid liquor, and H+The concentration decreases. The acid fracturing reaction rate is slowed down due to the same ion effect, and the acid fracturing effect is influenced, so that the dosage of the acid liquid or the pad liquid injected in the next stage is larger than that of the acid liquid or the pad liquid corresponding to the previous stage, and the hydrogen ion activity in the liquid in the previous stage can be improved again when the liquid passes through a crack extruded in the previous stage in the injection process of the next stage, so that the hydrogen ion activity in the liquid in the previous stage is improved, and the hydrogen ion activity in the acid liquid is improved, thereby the acid fracturing reaction rate is reduced, and the acid fracturing effect is influencedThe whole acid fracturing effect is improved.
Further, the pad fluid is 3% -15% hydrochloric acid solution.
Furthermore, the total amount of the front liquid at each stage satisfies that V ═ V' + VpWherein V' is the volume of hydrochloric acid solution required by the reservoir per unit thickness to dissolve carbonate rock in the radial per meter range of the well bore, m3/m；VpTotal pore volume, m, after removal of carbonate rock for a unit thickness reservoir3/m。
Further, the
Volume of carbonate rock in the radial per meter range of the shaft, m3(ii)/m; x is the dissolving power, m3/m。
Further, the dissolving force X is equal to the volume of rock divided by the volume of hydrochloric acid solution consumed.
Further, the
V0Is the original pore volume of the reservoir per unit thickness. Will V0And
substituted into this formula, can obtain
Wherein r isdRadius of the zone of contamination around the wellbore, rwIs the radius of the well bore, phi0Is the initial porosity of the reservoir, CmIs the carbonate content of the reservoir.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention discloses a method for optimizing the discharge capacity of a carbonate reservoir in a multi-stage alternating acid fracturing manner, which solves the problems that the discharge capacity of the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing is based on the performance of ground equipment and the consideration of reservoir factors is lacked in the prior art, and achieves the purposes of optimizing the discharge capacity parameters of the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing based on surface-to-volume ratio and improving the acid fracturing effect.
2. The invention relates to a carbonate reservoir multi-stage alternate acid fracturing discharge optimization method, which can rapidly press open a stratum through a pad fluid so that subsequent acid liquor can rapidly enter the deep part of the stratum, improve the length of an acid-etched fracture and increase the drainage area around a shaft for a small hole gap.
3. The optimization method for the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing discharge capacity of the carbonate reservoir disclosed by the invention is beneficial to forming a stable, continuous and large-size seepage channel which is not easy to completely close for a large hole gap, so that the possible closing risk caused by the fact that a propping agent is not used in an acid fracturing process is overcome, and a more sufficient closing space is reserved for closing the acid fracturing channel after the formation pressure is released.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for optimizing the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing displacement of the carbonate reservoir comprises the following steps:
(a) calculating the surface-to-volume ratio of the reservoir to be subjected to acid fracturing
Wherein S: reservoir rock reaction area; v: acids participating in the reactionLiquid volume;
specifically, reservoir types are classified firstly, and different classification results are calculated by adopting different formulas:
if the reservoir flow channel is a pore, then
Wherein d is the average pore diameter and L is the average pore length;
if the reservoir flow channel is a horizontal fracture, then
Wherein R isfThe average radius of the horizontal crack, W is the crack width;
if the reservoir flow channel is a double-wing vertical fracture, then
Wherein W is the crack width, H is the crack height, and L is the single wing crack length.
(b) Calculating the maximum construction displacement q which can be borne by the reservoir in combination with the surface-to-volume ratiomax：
Wherein, 3.77 is multiplied by 10-4Is an empirical coefficient, KavIs the average permeability of the reservoir, h is the reservoir thickness, pFTo the formation fracture pressure, psIs wellbore pressure, μ is acid viscosity, reEffective percolation radius, rwIs the wellbore radius.
(c) According to the bearing capacity of ground equipment, determining the actual construction displacement:
if the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is greater than or equal to the maximum construction displacement qmaxIf the actual construction displacement q is qmax；
If the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is smaller than the maximum construction displacement qmaxAnd the actual construction displacement is equal to 0.9 time of the upper limit of the pressure bearing of the ground equipment.
(d) Determining the dosage of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each stage according to the acid fracturing design scheme; and (4) dividing the consumption of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level by the actual construction discharge capacity to obtain the injection time of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 1, the usage amounts of the pad fluid and the acid fluid are increased step by step in the method for optimizing the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing displacement of the carbonate reservoir. The pad fluid is 3% -15% hydrochloric acid solution. The total amount V of the front liquid at each stage satisfies V ═ V' + VpWherein V' is the volume of hydrochloric acid solution required by the reservoir stratum with unit thickness to dissolve carbonate rock in the radial per meter range of the shaft; vpTotal pore volume after removal of carbonate rock for a unit thickness reservoir.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the volume of carbonate rock in the radial range of each meter of a shaft, and X is the dissolving power. The dissolving force X is equal to the volume of rock divided by the volume of hydrochloric acid solution consumed.
V0Is the original pore volume of the reservoir per unit thickness.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A carbonate reservoir multi-stage alternate acid fracturing displacement optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) calculating the surface-to-volume ratio of the reservoir to be subjected to acid fracturing
Wherein S: reservoir rock reaction area; v: the volume of acid solution participating in the reaction;
(b) calculating the maximum construction displacement which can be borne by the reservoir in combination with the surface-to-volume ratio;
(c) determining actual construction displacement according to the pressure bearing capacity of ground equipment;
(d) determining the dosage of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each stage according to the acid fracturing design scheme; dividing the using amount of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level by the actual construction discharge capacity to obtain the injection time of the pad fluid and the acid liquor of each level;
surface-to-volume ratio of reservoir to be acid-fractured
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
if the reservoir flow channel is a pore, then
Wherein d is the average pore diameter and L is the average pore length;
if the reservoir flow channel is a horizontal fracture, then
Wherein R isfThe average radius of the horizontal crack, W is the crack width;
if the reservoir flow channel is a double-wing vertical fracture, then
Wherein W is the crack width, H is the crack height, and L is the single wing crack length.
2. The method for optimizing the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing displacement of the carbonate reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the maximum construction displacement comprises the following steps:
wherein KavIs the average permeability of the reservoir, h is the reservoir thickness, pFTo the formation fracture pressure, psIs wellbore pressure, μ is acid viscosity, reEffective percolation radius, rwIs the wellbore radius, and a is the empirical coefficient.
3. The carbonate reservoir multistage alternating acid fracturing displacement optimization method of claim 1,
if the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is greater than or equal to the maximum construction displacement qmaxIf the actual construction displacement q is qmax；
If the bearing capacity of the ground equipment is smaller than the maximum construction displacement qmaxAnd the actual construction displacement is equal to 0.9 time of the upper limit of the pressure bearing of the ground equipment.
4. The method for optimizing the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing displacement of the carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the consumption of the pad fluid and the acid fluid is increased step by step.
5. The method for optimizing the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing displacement of the carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pad fluid is a 3% -15% hydrochloric acid solution.
6. The method for optimizing the multi-stage alternative acid fracturing discharge capacity of the carbonate reservoir according to claim 5, wherein the total amount of each stage of pad fluid meets the condition that V ═ V' + VpWherein V' is the volume of hydrochloric acid solution required by the reservoir stratum with unit thickness to dissolve carbonate rock in the radial per meter range of the shaft; vpTotal pore volume after removal of carbonate rock for a unit thickness reservoir.
7. The carbonate reservoir multistage alternating acid fracturing displacement optimization method of claim 6,the above-mentioned
The volume of carbonate rock in the radial range of each meter of a shaft, and X is the dissolving power.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dissolving power X is equal to the volume of rock divided by the volume of hydrochloric acid solution consumed.
9. The method for optimizing the multi-stage alternating acid fracturing displacement of the carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method is characterized in that
V0Is the original pore volume of the reservoir per unit thickness.
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| CN113431562A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-24 | 西南石油大学 | Method for optimizing acid fracturing construction discharge capacity of fractured tight sandstone reservoir fracture network |
| CN114059988B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-06-06 | 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 | Sectional acidification method and system for open hole horizontal well |
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