CN110629298A - Melt electrostatic spinning device and method thereof - Google Patents
Melt electrostatic spinning device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110629298A CN110629298A CN201911076349.2A CN201911076349A CN110629298A CN 110629298 A CN110629298 A CN 110629298A CN 201911076349 A CN201911076349 A CN 201911076349A CN 110629298 A CN110629298 A CN 110629298A
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- wheel
- spinning head
- melt
- pinch roller
- guide channel
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- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003031 feeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004886 head movement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
- D01D1/09—Control of pressure, temperature or feeding rate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/0023—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer melt
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
A melt electrostatic spinning device and a method thereof comprise a spinning head, wherein the spinning head comprises a heat conduction block, a material guide channel and a heater; the material guide channel is arranged in the heat conduction block and penetrates through the heat conduction block; the heater is positioned at one side of the material guide channel; when electrostatic spinning is carried out, the linear material is put into the spinning head for heating and melting. This fuse-element electrostatic spinning device simple structure can heat preparation fuse-element in putting into the spinning head with micro-material in succession, when guaranteeing to last the feed, alleviates the holistic weight of spinning head greatly, realizes the high-speed motion of spinning head, convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrostatic spinning, in particular to a melt electrostatic spinning device and a melt electrostatic spinning method.
Background
Electrospinning is a special fiber manufacturing process, which is mainly a process of jet spinning polymer solutions or melts in a strong electric field. With the development of nanotechnology, the preparation of nanofiber materials by the electrospinning technology is one of important academic and technical activities in the field of material science and technology in the last decade, and the electrospinning preparation technology is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, tissue engineering, filtration, battery membranes and the like.
Prior art electrospinning apparatuses typically include a supply unit, a spinneret and a receiving plate. Wherein a heater and a needle head are arranged in the spinning head; the feeding unit supplies materials to the spinning head, and a heater of the spinning head heats and melts the materials to enable the solid materials to be changed into melts and extrude to a needle head of the spinning head, and liquid drops are formed at the needle head; the receiving plate is horizontally arranged, and the needle head of the spinning head faces the receiving plate; the needle head of the spinning head is connected with a high-voltage power supply, the receiving plate is grounded, a high-voltage strong electric field is formed between the receiving plate and the spinning head, liquid drops at the needle head of the spinning head are changed into a cone from a sphere under the action of the high-voltage strong electric field, namely a Taylor cone, and fiber filaments are obtained by extending from the tip of the cone, so that the needle head of the spinning head ejects spinning to the receiving plate and forms on the receiving plate.
For example, referring to fig. 1, chinese patent CN20323835U discloses a novel melt electrospinning device, which comprises a box 100, a barrel 200, a push rod 300, a nozzle 400, an electric heater 500, a receiving device 600 and a high voltage electrostatic generator 700. The feed cylinder 200 is fixed at the center of the box body 100 by a screw, the thread at the lower part of the push rod 300 is in threaded connection with the inner hole above the feed cylinder 200, the upper part of the push rod 300 is provided with a handle, and the push rod 300 can move in the feed cylinder 200 by rotating the handle of the push rod 300; the nozzle 400 is connected and communicated below the cartridge 200 and is led out from the central portion of the case 100, and the nozzle 400 is grounded; the electric heater 500 is arranged in the box body 100 and surrounds the material barrel 200 to heat the material in the material barrel 200; the receiving device 600 is disposed below the nozzle 400, and the positive output end of the high voltage electrostatic generator 700 is connected to the receiving device 600. When the high-voltage electrostatic spinning nozzle is in work, a certain amount of materials are added into the material barrel 200 and heated to a preset temperature, the materials are changed into melts, the push rod 300 is rotated to extrude the melts, when molten polymer drops appear at the tail end of the nozzle 400, the high-voltage electrostatic generator 700 is opened, the melts are sprayed out, and the receiving device 600 is cooled and deposited.
The materials used by the electrostatic spinning device are granular, and are generally matched with a charging barrel with large volume for ensuring the uniform heating and timely feeding of the materials. The granular spinning head is placed into a charging barrel and then melted to obtain a melt, and then a push rod connected with the charging barrel in a thread fit manner is rotated to enable the push rod to extrude the melt, so that the melt is extruded from a nozzle, namely the charging barrel, the push rod and the nozzle are assembled into a whole and integrally serve as a spinning head. In addition, the extrusion amount of the melt is difficult to control in the process of rotating the screw, and accurate feeding cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the present invention provides a melt electrostatic spinning device, which reduces the overall weight of a spinning head, increases the speed of the spinning head movement, realizes the forming of nanometer-sized parts, increases the feeding accuracy, further simplifies the structure and operation of the melt electrostatic spinning device, and reduces the equipment cost.
A melt electrostatic spinning device comprises a spinning head, wherein the spinning head comprises a heat conduction block, a material guide channel and a heater; the material guide channel is arranged in the heat conduction block and penetrates through the heat conduction block; the heater is positioned at one side of the material guide channel.
Compared with the prior art, the spinning head of the melt electrostatic spinning device is simple and light in structure, can continuously place a trace amount of materials into the spinning head to heat and prepare melt, ensures continuous feeding, greatly reduces the weight of the spinning head, realizes high-speed movement of the spinning head, and meets the requirement of nano-sized part forming.
Further, the spinning head also comprises a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is positioned on the other side of the material guide channel. Through the detection of the temperature sensor, the temperature in the spinning head is monitored, and the heating temperature is ensured to be stabilized in a set range.
Further, the melt electrostatic spinning device also comprises a double-wheel extruder, wherein the double-wheel extruder comprises a motor and a movable wheel set, and the movable wheel set comprises a pressing wheel and an idler wheel; the pinch roller and the idle wheel are arranged oppositely, and a gap is formed between the pinch roller and the idle wheel; the motor drives the pinch roller to rotate. The double-wheel extruder has the advantages that the feeding amount is controlled through the pressing wheel and the idle wheel of the double-wheel extruder, accurate feeding can be realized, the structure of the double-wheel extruder is simple, and the operation is convenient.
The movable wheel group further comprises a box body, a spring and an idler wheel support, the pressure wheel is connected in the box body in a shaft mode, the idler wheel support is arranged in the box body and can move towards the pressure wheel, the idler wheel is connected with the idler wheel support in a shaft mode and is opposite to the pressure wheel, one end of the spring is installed on the inner wall of the box body, and the other end of the spring abuts against the idler wheel support and applies force towards the pressure wheel to the idler wheel support. The idle wheel is pushed to the pressing wheel through the pressing force of the spring, the material is attached to the pressing wheel and the idle wheel when moving between the pressing wheel and the idle wheel, and the friction force between the material and the pressing wheel and between the material and the idle wheel is increased.
Further, the double-wheel extruder comprises a driving wheel and two groups of movable wheel groups, wherein the driving wheel is arranged between the pressing wheels of the adjacent movable wheel groups and meshed with the pressing wheels. The plurality of groups of movable wheel groups are arranged, so that the traction force is increased, and the reliability of the feeding mechanism is improved.
Furthermore, the movable wheel group also comprises a pinch roller driving wheel, the pinch roller is arranged on the pinch roller driving wheel and rotates coaxially with the pinch roller driving wheel, and the motor drives the pinch roller driving wheel to rotate so as to drive the pinch roller to rotate. The pinch roller transmission wheel is in meshed transmission with the motor gear, so that the output torque is increased, the pinch roller rotating torque is ensured, and the motion precision is improved.
Further, the melt electrostatic spinning device also comprises a cooling unit, and the cooling unit is arranged between the double-wheel extruder and the spinning head. The material before entering the spinning head is cooled through the cooling unit, the material is ensured to be in a solid phase state near an inlet of the spinning head, the material entering the spinning head is heated to be in a liquid phase state, the material in the liquid phase state is pushed by the material in the solid phase state, and the material in the liquid phase state is extruded from the spinning head; meanwhile, the cooling unit timely dissipates heat of the material, so that the heat of the spinning head is prevented from being transmitted to a part on the upper part of the spinning head, and the material is guaranteed to be in a solid phase state before entering the spinning head.
Further, this fuse-element electrostatic spinning device still includes receiving element, receiving element includes insulating receiving board, insulating receiving board with the spinneret sets up relatively.
Further, the receiving unit also comprises a conductive polar plate, and the insulating receiving plate is positioned between the spinning head and the conductive polar plate. The melt electrostatic spinning device has the functions of fused deposition molding and electrostatic spinning molding at the same time by arranging the conductive polar plate; meanwhile, the high-voltage positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the conductive polar plate, and the high-voltage negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the spinning head, so that the situation that the high-voltage damages electric equipment on the spinning head to influence normal work is avoided.
In addition, the invention also provides a melt electrostatic spinning method.
A melt electrostatic spinning method, put the linear supplies into spinning head to heat and melt; the spinning head comprises a heat conduction block, a material guide channel and a heater; the material guide channel is arranged in the heat conduction block and penetrates through the heat conduction block; the heater is positioned at one side of the material guide channel.
Compared with the prior art that granular materials are used for melt electrostatic spinning, the melt electrostatic spinning method adopts linear materials and heats and melts the linear materials in the spinning head, and a trace amount of molten materials can be immediately pushed out of the spinning head along the material guide channel for forming, so that the overall weight of the spinning head and the liquid materials is greatly reduced, the high-speed movement of the spinning head is realized, the forming requirement of nanometer-sized parts is met, the structure and the operation of a melt electrostatic spinning device are simplified, and the equipment cost is reduced.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spinneret of an electrospinning apparatus according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a melt electrospinning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a two-wheel extruder in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of a two-wheel extruder in one of the modified embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a two-wheel extruder according to a second variant embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a three-center two-wheel extruder according to a modified embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a spinneret structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Since in the prior art the electrospun material is typically in the form of particles. When placing granular material in the heater and heating the melting for the fuse-element, in order to prevent that the material from being heated in the heater uneven and guarantee in time the feed, need a large amount of fuse-elements of melting at every turn, then extrude the fuse-element from the spinning head, especially under the integrative condition of heater and spinning head, at the motion process of spinning head, a large amount of fuse-elements increase the load, influence the translation rate of spinning head. Aiming at the problem, the linear solid material is adopted as the raw material, and a feeding mode of extruding the linear solid material by two wheels is adopted, so that a feeding device is simplified; meanwhile, the movement of the linear solid material pushes the liquid phase material melted in the heating device and the liquid phase material is extruded out of the spinning head at once, thereby reducing the overall weight of the spinning head, simplifying the structure of the spinning head and realizing accurate output of the material.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the melt electrospinning device of the present invention includes a feeding unit 10, a two-wheel extruder 20, a spinning head 30, a receiving unit 40, and a main control unit. Wherein the main control unit is electrically connected with the feeding unit 10, the two-wheel extruder 20, the spinning head 30 and the receiving unit 40 respectively; the double-wheel extruder 20, the spinning head 30 and the receiving unit 40 constitute a forming chamber; the feeding unit 10 conveys the linear solid materials into the double-wheel extruder 20 through a material guide pipe; the double-wheel extruder 20 draws materials and conveys linear solid materials into the spinning head 30, the linear solid materials are heated and melted into melt in the spinning head 30, the receiving unit 40 and the spinning head 30 are respectively connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of a high-voltage power supply and form a high-voltage electric field, and the melt is sprayed out by the spinning head 30 to form spinning; the receiving unit 40 is located in a spinning ejection direction and opposite to the spinning head 30, and the spun yarn is formed on the receiving unit 40.
The feeding unit 10 includes a tray 11, a material breakage detector 12, and a dryer (not shown), wherein the material is placed in the tray 11 and is fed into the twin-wheel extruder 20 through a guide duct; the material breaking detector 12 is arranged between the material tray and the double-wheel extruder 20, and the material breaking detector 12 detects the movement of the material to ensure material supply; the dryer is disposed in the feeding unit 10 and performs drying and preheating processes on the material before it enters the forming chamber.
The twin-wheel extruder 20 is mounted on a twin-wheel extruder support (not shown) and moves horizontally or vertically along the twin-wheel extruder support under the control of the main control unit. The feed inlet of the double-wheel extruder 20 is connected with the feed unit 10. Referring to fig. 3, the dual-wheel extruder 20 includes a motor (not shown), a casing 21, and a movable wheel set 22, wherein the movable wheel set 22 includes a pressing wheel 220 and an idle wheel 221. The main control unit is electrically connected with the motor and controls the motor to rotate; the motor is connected with the pressing wheel 220 and drives the pressing wheel 220 to rotate; the pressing wheel 220 and the idle wheel 221 are respectively connected to the same side wall of the case 21 in a shaft manner and are oppositely arranged, a gap is formed between the pressing wheel 220 and the idle wheel 221, linear materials pass between the pressing wheel 220 and the idle wheel 221, the materials are in contact with the pressing wheel 220 and the idle wheel 221, the materials move towards the spinning head 30 under the action of friction force of the pressing wheel 220, and the idle wheel 221 limits the positions of the materials, so that the materials are kept in contact with the pressing wheel 220 and rotate under the action of the friction force of the materials.
Further, referring to fig. 4, as one of the modified embodiments of the dual-wheel extruder 20, the movable wheel set 22 further includes a spring 222 and an idler wheel bracket 223. The main control unit is electrically connected with the motor and controls the motor to rotate; the pinch roller 220 is coupled to a wall of the chassis 21, and the motor is connected to the pinch roller 220 and drives the pinch roller 220 to rotate; the idler bracket 223 is disposed in the machine box 21 and can move towards the pressing wheel 220; the idler wheel 221 is coupled to the idler wheel bracket 223 in a shaft-coupling manner, the pressing wheel 220 is arranged opposite to the idler wheel 221, and linear materials pass between the pressing wheel 220 and the idler wheel 221; one end of the spring 222 is fixed on the other side wall of the case 21, and the other end of the spring 222 abuts against the idler bracket 223 and applies force to the idler bracket 223 towards the pinch roller 220; pressing the idler bracket 223 together with the idler 221 to the pinch roller 220 under the action of elastic force, wherein the material between the pinch roller 220 and the idler 221 is pushed to the pinch roller 220 and tightly attached to the pinch roller 220 and the idler 221; the material is drawn to move toward the spinning head 30 by the friction force with the pressing wheel 220, and the idle wheel 221 rotates by the friction force with the material.
Further, referring to fig. 5, as a second modified embodiment of the dual-wheel extruder 20, the dual-wheel extruder 20 further includes at least two sets of moving wheel sets 22 and driving wheels 23, wherein one driving wheel 23 is disposed between the pressing wheels 220 of two adjacent moving wheel sets 22, and the driving wheels 23 are respectively engaged with the adjacent pressing wheels 220 and are driven between the pressing wheels 220; the main control unit is electrically connected with the motor and controls the motor to rotate; the motor is connected with one of the pressing wheels 220 in the plurality of groups of movable wheel groups 22 and drives the pressing wheel 220 to rotate; the pressing wheels 220 of the multiple groups of movable wheel groups 22 are respectively connected to the same side wall of the case 21 in a shaft manner; the idler bracket 223 is disposed in the machine box 21 and can move towards the pressing wheel 220; the idle wheels 221 of the multiple groups of movable wheel sets 22 are coupled on the idle wheel bracket 223, the press wheels 220 of the multiple groups of movable wheel sets 22 are arranged opposite to the idle wheels 221 of the multiple groups of movable wheel sets 22, and materials pass between the press wheels 220 and the idle wheels 221; one end of the spring 222 is fixed on the other side wall of the case 21, and the other end of the spring 222 abuts against the idler bracket 223 and applies force to the idler bracket 223 towards the pinch roller 220; pressing the idler bracket 223 together with the idler 221 to the pinch roller 220 under the action of elastic force, wherein the material between the pinch roller 220 and the idler 221 is pushed to the pinch roller 220 and tightly attached to the pinch roller 220 and the idler 221; the material is drawn to move toward the spinning head 30 by the friction force with the pressing wheel 220, and the idle wheel 221 rotates by the friction force with the material.
Further, referring to fig. 6, as a third modified embodiment of the double-wheel extruder 20, the movable wheel set 22 further includes a pinch wheel driving wheel 224, the pinch wheel driving wheel 224 is disposed on the pinch wheel 220 and rotates coaxially and in the same direction as the pinch wheel 220, and the pinch wheel driving wheel 224 and the pinch wheel 220 are coaxially connected to a wall of one side of the case 21; the main control unit is electrically connected with the motor and controls the motor to rotate; the motor is connected with the pinch roller driving wheel 224 and drives the pinch roller driving wheel 224 to rotate; the pinch roller driving wheel 224 drives the pinch roller 220 to rotate coaxially and in the same direction; when the number of the movable wheel sets 22 is more than two, the transmission wheels 23 are arranged between and meshed with the two adjacent pinch wheel transmission wheels 224, and the transmission wheels 23 transmit between the pinch wheel transmission wheels 224.
The spinning head 30 includes a heat conductive block 31, a material guide passage 32, a heater 33, a nozzle 34, and a coaxial needle 35. Wherein the spinning head 30 is installed at a discharge port of the double-wheel extruder 20 and moves along with the movement of the double-wheel extruder 20; referring to fig. 7, the heat conducting block 31 in the embodiment is cylindrical, preferably, the material of the heat conducting block 31 is copper, the material guiding channel 32 is disposed at the axis of the heat conducting block 31 and penetrates through the heat conducting block 31, and the starting end of the material guiding channel 32 is connected to the discharge port of the two-wheel extruder 20; the heater 33 is arranged in the heat conducting block 31 and at one side of the material guiding channel 32, preferably, the heater 33 is a resistance heating rod; the outer diameter of the spray head 34 is smaller than that of the heat-conducting block 31, the spray head 34 is arranged at the bottom end of the heat-conducting block 31, and the tail end of the material guide channel 32 is located in the spray head 34; the coaxial needle 35 is coaxially communicated with the material guide channel 32 in the spray head 34; the main control unit is electrically connected with the heater 33 and controls the heater 33, the solid-phase material is heated and melted by the heater 33 after entering the material guide channel 32 to form a melt, and the melt is extruded from the material guide channel 32 to the coaxial needle 35 and extruded from the coaxial needle 35 to form liquid drops under the action of material extrusion and pushing of the double-wheel extruder 20. Preferably, the material of the spray head 34 is copper, the spray head 34 is in interference connection with the coaxial needle 35, so that heat is efficiently transferred from the spray head 34 to the coaxial needle 35, and the length of the coaxial needle 35 is preferably 5-8 mm, thereby ensuring that a stable high-voltage strong electric field is formed, and preventing liquid drops formed at the tail end of the coaxial needle 35 from being adhered to the spray head 34; preferably, a temperature sensor 36 is disposed in the heat conducting block 31, the temperature sensor 36 is opposite to the heater 33 and is located at the other side of the material guiding channel 32, and the temperature sensor 36 detects the temperature of the material heated in the heater 33.
The receiving unit 40 includes an insulating receiving plate 41, an insulating pallet 42 and a lead screw motor (not shown), wherein the main control unit is electrically connected to the lead screw motor and controls the lead screw motor to move, the insulating pallet 42 is mounted on the receiving unit bracket, and is driven by the lead screw motor to vertically move up and down along the receiving unit bracket; the insulation receiving plate 41 is opposite to the spinning head 30, receives the material coming out of the spinning head 30, and is suspended on the insulation saddle 42 through an insulation supporting rod, and the insulation receiving plate 41 moves along with the movement of the insulation saddle 42; further, a conductive plate (not shown) is arranged on the insulating support 42, the insulating receiving plate 41 is located between the spinneret 30 and the conductive plate, the conductive plate is connected with a high-voltage positive electrode of a high-voltage power supply, the coaxial needle 35 is connected with a high-voltage negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply, and preferably, the conductive plate is made of copper foil or aluminum foil.
In addition, in order to ensure that the material is kept in a solid state when entering the material guiding channel 32, a cooling unit 50 is disposed between the discharge port end of the two-wheel extruder 20 and the feed port end of the spinning head 30 to cool the material before entering the spinning head 30. In this embodiment, the cooling manner is water cooling, the cooling unit 50 includes a water cooler 51, a water tank 52, a water inlet pipe 53, a water return pipe 54 and a water pump 55, a high temperature resistant throat (not shown) is disposed in the water cooler 51, one end of the high temperature resistant throat is connected to the discharge port of the two-wheel extruder 20, the other end of the high temperature resistant throat is connected to the material guiding channel 32 of the spinning head 30, the material is output from the two-wheel extruder 20 and then is sent into the material guiding channel 32 of the spinning head 30 through the high temperature resistant throat in the water cooler 51, and the material is kept in a solid phase state in the high temperature resistant throat; one end of the water cooler 51 is connected with the water inlet pipe 53, the other end of the water cooler is connected with the water return pipe 54, and the water inlet pipe 53 and the water return pipe 54 are respectively connected with the water tank 52; the main control unit is electrically connected with the water pump 55 and controls the water pump 55, and the water pump 55 controls the water in the water tank 52 to flow into the water cooler 51 from the water inlet pipe 53 and then flow back into the water tank 52 from the water return pipe 54, so that water circulation cooling is realized. Preferably, the high-temperature resistant throat pipe is made of Teflon or stainless steel materials.
Based on the structure of the melt electrostatic spinning device, linear materials are continuously fed into the heater 33 from the feeding unit 10 under the traction of the pinch roller and the idle wheel of the double-wheel extruder 20, the heater 33 melts the trace materials immediately, then the melt is extruded out to the receiving unit 40 through the spinning head 30 immediately, the load of the spinning head 30 is not increased by the trace melt, the high-speed movement of the spinning head is not influenced, and meanwhile, the pinch roller and the idle wheel of the double-wheel extruder 20 can accurately control the movement of wires, and the accuracy of the feeding amount is improved. The working process is specifically described as follows:
first, the linear material placed in the tray 11 passes through the guide tube and enters the forming chamber in the gap between the pressing wheel 220 and the idle wheel 221 of the moving wheel set 22 of the double-wheel extruder 20. Under the control of the main control unit, the motor drives the pressing wheel 220 to rotate anticlockwise, the material moves downwards after being subjected to downward friction force, meanwhile, friction is generated between the idle wheel 221 and the material, the idle wheel 221 rotates clockwise, and the material is enabled to be kept in contact with the pressing wheel 220. The material is pulled by the friction force of the pressing wheel 220 and the idle wheel 221 in the same direction and moves to the discharge hole of the double-wheel extruder 20. The two-wheel extruder 20 moves horizontally along the two-wheel extruder carriage under the control of the main control unit.
Further, a spring 222 and an idler bracket 223 are arranged in the movable wheel set 22, the spring 222 applies an elastic force to the idler bracket 223 towards the pinch roller 220, so that the idler bracket 223 together with the idler 221 presses the pinch roller 220, and the pressing force of the idler 221 on the material is enhanced.
Further, the number of the sets of the movable wheel sets 22 is increased to make the number of the movable wheel sets 22 more than two, and a driving wheel 23 is respectively arranged between the pressing wheels 220 of the plurality of sets of movable wheel sets 22, and the driving wheel 23 is respectively meshed with the two adjacent pressing wheels 220. Under the control of the main control unit, the motor drives one of the pressing wheels 220 to rotate anticlockwise, the driving wheel 23 meshed with the pressing wheel 220 rotates clockwise, the other pressing wheel 220 meshed with the driving wheel 23 rotates anticlockwise under the drive of the driving wheel 23, and by analogy, the transmission between the pressing wheels 220 is realized through the driving wheel 23.
Further, the movable wheel set 22 further includes a pinch wheel driving wheel 224, and the motor drives the pinch wheel driving wheel 224 to rotate counterclockwise; the pinch roller 220 is arranged on the pinch roller driving wheel 224 and rotates coaxially and anticlockwise; when the number of the movable wheel sets 22 is more than two, the transmission wheels 23 are respectively meshed with two adjacent pinch wheel transmission wheels 224 to realize transmission.
In addition, before linear materials enter the double-wheel extruder 20, the materials enter the material breaking detector 12, and the material breaking detector 12 detects the movement of the materials, so that timely feeding is ensured, and faults caused by nozzle blockage are avoided. The dryer in the feeding unit 10 dries the materials, so as to filter out moisture and prevent the raw materials from being affected with damp; and simultaneously carrying out preheating treatment so as to better feed.
Next, the material is pushed by the double-wheel extruder 20 and is fed into the material guiding channel 32 of the spinning head 30, under the control of the main control unit, the heater 33 of the spinning head 30 conducts heat through the heat conducting block 31 to heat the material, the material is changed into a melt in the material guiding channel 32 and is in a liquid phase state, the continuously molten melt is extruded to the coaxial needle 35 through the material guiding channel 32, and the melt is extruded from the coaxial needle 35 to form liquid drops. Preferably, the temperature sensor 36 is disposed on an outer wall of the material guiding channel 32 of the heat conducting block 31, and the temperature sensor 36 detects a temperature of the material heated by the heater 33, so as to monitor and ensure a stable heating temperature.
In addition, before the material is pushed to the material guiding channel 32 of the spinning head 30, the material passes through the high temperature resistant throat of the water cooler 51, the main control unit controls the water pump 55, the water in the water tank 52 enters the water cooler 51 through the water inlet pipe 53 to cool the material in the high temperature resistant throat, and then flows back to the water tank 52 from the water return pipe 54, the material in the high temperature resistant throat is cooled, the material keeps a solid phase state in the high temperature resistant throat, and the material in the solid phase state in the high temperature resistant throat is continuously pushed by the double-wheel extruder 20, so that the material in the liquid phase state in the material guiding channel 32 of the spinning head 30 is pushed to move to the coaxial needle 35.
Next, under the control of the main control unit, the motor drives the two-wheel extruder 20 to move horizontally, the two-wheel extruder 20, the condenser 50 and the spinneret 30 are fixedly connected relatively, the receiving unit 40 mounted on the receiving unit bracket is moved, so as to adjust the relative distance between the receiving unit 40 and the spinneret 30, so that the coaxial needles 35 of the spinneret 30 are close to the insulating receiving plate 41 of the receiving unit 40, and the liquid drops at the coaxial needles 35 are deposited on the insulating receiving plate 41. Under the control of the main control unit, the coaxial needle 35 and the insulating receiving plate 41 move horizontally relative to each other according to the forming track until the required structural shape is completed.
Further, under the control of main control unit, remove and install on the double round extruder support double round extruder 20 drives spinning head 30, or remove and install on the receiving element support receiving element 40, thereby the adjustment receiving element 40 with spinning head 30's relative distance makes coaxial syringe needle 35 of spinning head 30 with receiving element 40's insulating receiving board 41 separates to suitable distance, the anodal of conducting plate switch-on high voltage power supply on the insulating saddle 42, coaxial syringe needle 35 switches-on high voltage power supply's negative pole coaxial syringe needle 35 with form the high-voltage electric field between the insulating receiving board 41. Under the action of the high-voltage strong electric field, the liquid drop at the coaxial needle 35 is drawn into a cone from a sphere to form a taylor cone, and fiber filaments are obtained by extending from the tip of the cone, so that spinning yarns are obtained by being jetted from the coaxial needle 35 to the insulation receiving plate 41, and the spinning yarns are formed on the insulation receiving plate 41. Under the control of the main control unit, the corresponding voltage is adjusted as required, and the coaxial needle 35 and the insulating receiving plate 41 horizontally move relatively according to the forming track until the required structural shape is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the feeding mechanism of the melt electrostatic spinning device is simple in structure, can continuously place a trace amount of materials into the spinning head to be heated to prepare the melt, greatly reduces the whole weight of the spinning head while ensuring continuous feeding, realizes high-speed movement of the spinning head, and meets the requirement of forming nano-sized parts; meanwhile, the feeding amount is controlled through a pressing wheel and an idle wheel of the double-wheel tractor, and accurate feeding can be realized; the melt electrostatic spinning device has simple structure and convenient operation. Furthermore, a cooling unit is arranged in the melt electrostatic spinning device, so that the materials are kept in a solid phase state and enter a spinning head, a melt with a solid phase state at an inlet and a liquid phase state at an extrusion outlet is formed in the spinning head, and the feeding effect is enhanced. And finally, the temperature sensor, the material breakage detector and the dryer are matched, so that stable and reliable work is ensured.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The melt electrostatic spinning device comprises a spinning head, and is characterized in that the spinning head comprises a heat-conducting block, a material guide channel and a heater; the material guide channel is arranged in the heat conduction block and penetrates through the heat conduction block; the heater is positioned at one side of the material guide channel.
2. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spinneret further comprises a temperature sensor located on the other side of the guide channel.
3. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a double-wheel extruder comprising a motor and a set of moving wheels, the set of moving wheels comprising a pinch roller and an idler roller; the pinch roller and the idle wheel are arranged oppositely, and a gap is formed between the pinch roller and the idle wheel; the motor drives the pinch roller to rotate.
4. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 3, wherein the movable pulley set further comprises a housing, a spring, and an idler bracket, the idler bracket is journalled in the housing and movable toward the pinch roller, the idler is journalled to the idler bracket and opposite the pinch roller, and the spring is mounted on an inner wall of the housing at one end and bears against the idler bracket at the other end and applies a force to the idler bracket toward the pinch roller.
5. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 3, wherein the two-wheel extruder comprises a drive wheel and two sets of moving wheels, the drive wheel being disposed between and engaging the pressure wheels of adjacent sets of moving wheels.
6. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 3, wherein the movable wheel set further comprises a pinch wheel drive wheel, the pinch wheel being mounted on and rotatable coaxially with the pinch wheel drive wheel, the motor rotating the pinch wheel drive wheel to rotate the pinch wheel.
7. The melt electrospinning apparatus of any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising a cooling unit disposed between the two-wheel extruder and the spinneret.
8. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a receiving unit comprising an insulating receiving plate disposed opposite the spinneret.
9. The melt electrospinning apparatus of claim 8, wherein the receiving unit further comprises a conductive plate, and the insulating receiving plate is located between the spinneret and the conductive plate.
10. The melt electrostatic spinning method is characterized in that linear materials are put into a spinning head to be heated and melted; the spinning head comprises a heat conduction block, a material guide channel and a heater; the material guide channel is arranged in the heat conduction block and penetrates through the heat conduction block; the heater is positioned at one side of the material guide channel.
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