CN110628446A - Coking method for increasing coke granularity - Google Patents
Coking method for increasing coke granularity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110628446A CN110628446A CN201810662704.3A CN201810662704A CN110628446A CN 110628446 A CN110628446 A CN 110628446A CN 201810662704 A CN201810662704 A CN 201810662704A CN 110628446 A CN110628446 A CN 110628446A
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- coal
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- coke
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
Abstract
The invention discloses a coking method for improving coke granularity, which mainly solves the technical problem that the improvement of the coke granularity and the reduction of the coking cost in a top-loading coke oven in the prior art cannot be considered at the same time. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a coking method for increasing coke particle size comprising: detecting the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal, and screening out the coking coal with high metamorphic grade and the coking coal with low metamorphic grade; detecting the Gieseler fluidity MF of the coking coal, and pre-crushing the coking coal of which the Gieseler fluidity MF is less than or equal to 100 ddpm; blending coal, namely blending the high-metamorphic-degree coking coal, the low-metamorphic-degree coking coal and other coking coal according to mass percentage; crushing the mixed coal; coal blending and coking, namely delivering the crushed mixed coal into a top-loading coke oven for coking, wherein the coking temperature is 1000 +/-50 ℃, and the coking time is 20 +/-2 hours; and cooling after coke discharging, wherein a coke dry quenching process is adopted for coke cooling. The method of the invention increases the coke granularity, does not need to change the coking process, and has simple and easy technology and low coking cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coking method, in particular to a coking method for improving the granularity of coke, belonging to the technical field of coal chemical industry.
Background
One of the main functions of coke on blast furnace iron making is the skeleton function of furnace burden, and the air permeability of the material column at the lower part of the blast furnace is almost completely maintained by the coke in the smelting process, so that the coke has the function of a ventilation window of coal gas. Proper average coke particle size is critical to stable and high blast furnace productivity. To ensure smooth and gas-permeable blast furnace charge, especially in the case of oxygen-rich coal injection, the particle size of the coke must be as uniform as possible. The specific grain size composition is determined according to the volume of the blast furnace, the condition of the used raw materials and the operating system of the blast furnace. With the increase of the coal injection ratio of the blast furnace, the material column permeability is more critical in the blast furnace operation. The coke in the blast furnace acts as a gas flow distribution layer. When the particle size of the coke is smaller, the air permeability resistance coefficient of the material layer is increased, and the air permeability is deteriorated.
At present, the methods for characterizing the coke particle size mainly comprise average coke particle size and metallurgical coke rate. The metallurgical coke rate is the proportion of more than 25mm coke in the refined coke to the total coke. Generally, large coke with the diameter larger than 25mm can enter a blast furnace for iron making, small coke with the diameter smaller than 25mm is degraded for use, the price difference between the large coke and the small coke is 500-800 yuan/t, so that the metallurgical coke rate is increased by 1% by increasing the coke granularity, and the cost per ton of coke is reduced by 5-8 yuan/t.
The coke oven type, pretreatment process, coke quenching mode and the like used by coking enterprises are important factors of coke granularity, but are limited by a plurality of conditions such as site, capital and the like, and once the coke is built, the change is difficult. At present, the methods for increasing the particle size of coke mainly focus on the following aspects:
the coke particle size is made uniform by coking coal pretreatment processes, e.g., the literature, discussion of coal moisture control processes in coal chemical companies (fanchun et al, steel climbing, 1999(6)) discloses methods for increasing coke particle size by coal moisture control processes; patent document CN102994130A discloses a method for coal blending coking by high-deterioration weak-caking coal, which ensures the strength and particle size of coke by pressing the coal into coal blocks.
Studies on the yield and performance of products made by adding waste plastics and blending coal (xujun et al, metallurgical energy, 2004(6)) disclose methods for improving the particle size of coke from waste rubber; patent document CN101768458A discloses a coal blending coking process for improving coke quality by adding nano B4C.
The coke granularity is improved by optimizing coal blending, and patent document CN103194248A discloses a coking coal blending method for increasing the coke granularity, wherein the blending ratio of low shrinkage (shrinkage X <25mm) coking coal is controlled to be 40-50%, the blending ratio of lean coal is controlled to be 12-16%, the blending ratio of 1/3 coking coal is controlled to be 15-25%, and the blending ratio of fat coal is controlled to be 12-16%. The particle size of coke is adjusted by adjusting the existing coal blending structure, and the embodiment shows that the blending ratio of the coke coal is 45 percent, so that the average particle size of the coke is larger than 55 mm.
In conclusion, the metallurgical coke rate of the existing top-loading coke oven is 72-73%. The coke granularity is improved by a pretreatment process, and large-scale equipment is required to be added; the coke granularity is improved by the additive, and the additional additive is needed to be added, so that the coal blending cost is increased; the coke granularity is improved by optimizing the coal blending, the coking coal needs to reach 40-50 percent, and the price of the coking coal is higher, so the coal blending cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coking method for improving the coke granularity, which mainly solves the technical problem that the improvement of the coke granularity and the reduction of the coking cost in a top-loading coke oven in the prior art cannot be considered at the same time.
The technical idea of the method is that the coke granularity is improved by utilizing coal blending coking optimization, the coking coal with low metamorphic grade and the coking coal with high metamorphic grade are used in a mode of combining pretreatment and coal blending optimization, the advantages of the respective coking coals are exerted, the coke granularity is improved, and the production requirement is met.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the coking method for improving the coke granularity comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal, and screening out the coking coal with high metamorphic degree and the coking coal with low metamorphic degree, wherein the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal with high metamorphic degree is 1.3-1.6%, and the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal with low metamorphic degree is 1.1-1.3%;
2) detecting the Gieseler fluidity MF of the coking coal, pre-crushing the coking coal with the Gieseler fluidity MF of less than or equal to 100ddpm, and controlling the particle size of the crushed coking coal to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
3) blending coal, namely blending 15-20% of high-metamorphic coking coal, 15-20% of low-metamorphic coking coal, 8-12% of lean coal, 15-20% of 1/3 coking coal, 20-25% of fat coal and 12-17% of gas coal with other coking coal according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the coking coal with high metamorphic degree, the coking coal with low metamorphic degree and the coking coal with low metamorphic degree is 100%; the Gieseler fluidity of the mixed coal after coal blending is 200-1000 ddpm;
4) crushing the mixed coal, namely crushing the mixed coal blended in the step 3), wherein the mixed coal with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm accounts for 75-80% of the total mass of the mixed coal;
5) coal blending and coking, namely delivering the crushed mixed coal into a top-loading coke oven for coking, wherein the coking temperature is 1000 +/-50 ℃, and the coking time is 20 +/-2 hours;
6) and cooling after coke discharging, wherein a coke dry quenching process is adopted for coke cooling.
And then, performing coke quality detection, and determining the DI indexes of the coke ash, the coke metallurgical coke rate, the coke post-reaction strength and the coke drum strength.
The method of the invention is based on the research findings of the applicant on the coking mechanism and coke formation: the softening and melting degree of the coke lumpiness in the coking process is determined, and the thermal stress in the coking process is reduced and the generation of cracks is reduced if the softening and melting degree is sufficient.
Coal having a Kirschner fluidity of less than 100ddpm is used as an inert component, and if the particles are too large and do not melt, deterioration centers are easily formed, and cracks are formed centering on the large-particle inert component. Thus, coking coals having a Gieseler fluidity of less than 100ddpm are pre-crushed.
The principle of the method is that the high-deterioration-degree coking coal and the low-deterioration-degree coking coal are matched for use, the softening and melting temperature range of the high-deterioration-degree coking coal is high, the softening and melting temperature range of the low-deterioration-degree coking coal is low, and the two types of coal are overlapped with each other, so that the softening and melting range is enlarged, the thermal stress in the coke forming process is favorably reduced, and the generation of cracks is reduced.
The Gieseler fluidity of the mixed coal after coal blending is 200-1000ddpm, which is used for keeping the colloidal substance generated in the softening and melting process of the mixed coal to fully flow, wrapping inert components, fully fusing, improving the coke compactness and reducing cracks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. the particle size of the coke is improved by combining the pre-crushing and the coal blending structure optimization, and no additive or other additional substances are needed, so that the implementation cost is low. 2. By controlling the granularity of the coking coal with low Gieseler fluidity, the generation of coke cracks is reduced, and the granularity of the coke is improved. 3. By matching and using the coking coal with high metamorphic grade and the coking coal with low metamorphic grade, the softening and melting interval is enlarged, the coking thermal stress is reduced, and the coke granularity is improved. 4. Through the optimization of the coal blending structure, the coke granularity is improved, the coking process is not required to be changed, the technology is simple and easy to implement, and the treatment cost is low.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, as shown in tables 1-2.
A coking method for increasing the particle size of coke comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal, and screening out the coking coal with high metamorphic degree and the coking coal with low metamorphic degree, wherein the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal with high metamorphic degree is 1.3-1.6%, and the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal with low metamorphic degree is 1.1-1.3%;
2) detecting the Gieseler fluidity MF of the coking coal, pre-crushing the coking coal with the Gieseler fluidity MF of less than or equal to 100ddpm, and controlling the particle size of the crushed coking coal to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
3) blending coal, namely blending 15-20% of high-metamorphic coking coal, 15-20% of low-metamorphic coking coal, 8-12% of lean coal, 15-20% of 1/3 coking coal, 20-25% of fat coal and 12-17% of gas coal with other coking coal according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the coking coal with high metamorphic degree, the coking coal with low metamorphic degree and the coking coal with low metamorphic degree is 100%; the Gieseler fluidity of the mixed coal after coal blending is 200-1000 ddpm;
4) crushing the mixed coal, namely crushing the mixed coal blended in the step 3), wherein the mixed coal with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm accounts for 75-80% of the total mass of the mixed coal;
5) coal blending and coking, namely delivering the crushed mixed coal into a top-loading coke oven for coking, wherein the coking temperature is 1000 +/-50 ℃, and the coking time is 20 +/-2 hours;
6) and cooling after coke discharging, wherein a coke dry quenching process is adopted for coke cooling.
In the embodiment of the invention, a 7m top-mounted coke oven is adopted for coking; in the examples, the coking coal a is high-metamorphic coking coal with a coal rock reflectivity R of 1.37%; the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal B is 1.18 percent, and the coking coal B is coking coal with low metamorphism degree; the Gieseler fluidity MF of the gas coal and the lean coal is less than or equal to 100ddpm, and the particle size of the crushed gas coal and the crushed lean coal is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
table 1 shows physical property parameters of coking coal in the embodiment of the invention, and Table 2 shows coking coal blending (mass percentage) and coke quality data table in the embodiment of the invention; the proportion of coking coal B in comparative example 1 is 38%, the coke with the granularity of more than or equal to 25mm in comparative example 1 accounts for 72.29% of the total mass of the coke, the coke with the granularity of more than or equal to 25mm in examples 1-4 adopting the method of the invention accounts for more than 75% of the total mass of the coke, the strength (CSR) of the coke after reaction is 67-70%, the strength DI of the coke is 87-89%, and the coke meets the requirement of 3000m3The above large blast furnaces demand coke.
TABLE 1 physical Properties of coking coals according to examples of the invention
TABLE 2 data of coal blending (mass percent) and coke quality for coking in the examples of the present invention
The above scheme shows that coal having a Gieseler fluidity of less than 100ddpm as an inert component easily forms degradation centers if the particles are too large and do not melt, and cracks form centered on the large-particle inert component. Therefore, the lean coal and the gas coal with the Gibber fluidity less than 100ddpm are pre-crushed.
From Table 1, it can be seen that the flow region of the high deterioration degree coking coal is 429-498 ℃, the flow region of the low deterioration degree coking coal is 407-481 ℃, and after the high deterioration degree coking coal and the low deterioration degree coking coal are used in combination, the temperature region of the coking coal is 407-498 ℃, and the two types of coal are overlapped with each other, so that the softening and melting region is enlarged, which is beneficial to reducing the thermal stress in the coke forming process and reducing the generation of cracks.
As can be seen from Table 1, the metallurgical coke rate is improved by 3%, and for a factory producing 200 million tons of coke annually, the production cost is reduced by more than thirty million yuan, so that the method has obvious economic benefit.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A coking method for increasing the particle size of coke is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) detecting the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal, and screening out the coking coal with high metamorphic degree and the coking coal with low metamorphic degree, wherein the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal with high metamorphic degree is 1.3-1.6%, and the coal rock reflectivity R of the coking coal with low metamorphic degree is 1.1-1.3%;
2) detecting the Gieseler fluidity MF of the coking coal, pre-crushing the coking coal with the Gieseler fluidity MF of less than or equal to 100ddpm, and controlling the particle size of the crushed coking coal to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
3) blending coal, namely blending 15-20% of high-metamorphic coking coal, 15-20% of low-metamorphic coking coal, 8-12% of lean coal, 15-20% of 1/3 coking coal, 20-25% of fat coal and 12-17% of gas coal with other coking coal according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the coking coal with high metamorphic degree, the coking coal with low metamorphic degree and the coking coal with low metamorphic degree is 100%;
4) crushing the mixed coal, namely crushing the mixed coal blended in the step 3);
5) coal blending and coking, namely delivering the crushed mixed coal into a top-loading coke oven for coking, wherein the coking temperature is 1000 +/-50 ℃, and the coking time is 20 +/-2 hours;
6) and cooling after coke discharging, wherein a coke dry quenching process is adopted for coke cooling.
2. The coking method for increasing the particle size of coke according to claim 1, wherein the mixed coal has a Gieseler fluidity of 200 and 1000ddpm after blending.
3. The coking method for increasing the coke particle size according to claim 1, wherein the mixed coal is crushed and the mixed coal having a particle size of 3mm or less accounts for 75 to 80% of the total mass of the crushed mixed coal.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111662735A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-15 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Coking and coal blending method for preparing metallurgical coke by using waste plastics |
| CN111914221A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-10 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Process adjustment method for reducing mass percentage of coke with particle size of more than 60mm |
| CN113136236A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Metallurgical coke strength control method after reaction |
| CN113845933A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-28 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Detection and adjustment method for coking coal granularity |
| CN113969177A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-25 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Coke matched with oxidized and deteriorated coking coal and coking method |
| CN114672332A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-28 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Coking and coal blending method for improving coke quality |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113136236A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Metallurgical coke strength control method after reaction |
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| CN111662735A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-15 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Coking and coal blending method for preparing metallurgical coke by using waste plastics |
| CN111662735B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-07-06 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Coking and coal blending method for preparing metallurgical coke by using waste plastics |
| CN113969177A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-25 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Coke matched with oxidized and deteriorated coking coal and coking method |
| CN111914221A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-10 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Process adjustment method for reducing mass percentage of coke with particle size of more than 60mm |
| CN111914221B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-08-18 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Process adjustment method for reducing mass percentage of coke with granularity of more than 60mm |
| CN113845933A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-28 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Detection and adjustment method for coking coal granularity |
| CN113845933B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-08-18 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for detecting and adjusting coking coal granularity |
| CN114672332A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-28 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Coking and coal blending method for improving coke quality |
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Application publication date: 20191231 |