CN110618807A - Hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device and generation system - Google Patents
Hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device and generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid integrated quantum random number generating device and a generating system, which comprise a local oscillator light source and an optical signal processing module, wherein the local oscillator light source is connected with one input end of the optical signal processing module; the invention has the advantages that the stray light eliminating device is added at the input end of the vacuum state optical signal, the vacuum state optical field is ensured not to be interfered, namely, the quantum randomness of the random source is ensured, the volume is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and the integration level is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum random numbers, in particular to a hybrid integrated quantum random number generating device and a hybrid integrated quantum random number generating system.
Background
The random number is used as a basic resource with wide application and has important value in the fields of cryptography, lottery, finance, artificial intelligence, information security and the like. Generally, random numbers are classified into two broad categories, pseudo random numbers and physical random numbers. The pseudo-random number is generated by a computer through repeated iterative operations on an initial seed by using a fixed algorithm, so that the pseudo-random number can be decoded by acquiring the algorithm and the seed. The physical random numbers are generated based on physical random phenomena, including classical random phenomena and quantum random phenomena. Typical classical random phenomena, such as atmospheric noise, electronic thermal noise, oscillator jitter, etc., can be used as a random source for extracting physical random numbers. However, the randomness of the classical physical random phenomenon is difficult to be proved by strict theoretical derivation, and the random number generation rate of the scheme is difficult to reach Gbps magnitude due to the limitation of the bandwidth of the classical physical random entropy source. Under certain specific conditions, key parameter information of the classical physical random source is obtained, and the replication of the classical physical random source is possible. The randomness of quantum random numbers is derived from quantum mechanics, e.g., the non-determinism caused by unpredictable measurement slump in the quantum world, and is a physical process that truly meets unpredictable and irreproducible characteristics. In other words, quantum random numbers are by far the only method that can be theoretically rigorously proven to produce completely unpredictable random sequences.
Quantum random number generators are mainly classified into two categories according to the random source used: discrete and continuous. The earliest research was carried out on discrete quantum random number generators, which mainly utilized single photon source, entangled photon equivalent signals as carriers of random variables. The scheme has simple principle, is convenient for modeling and has obvious quantum nondeterminiseness. But is limited by the linewidth of the random source and the detection efficiency of the single photon detector, and the random number generation rate of the scheme is lower compared with that of a continuous quantum random number generator. The continuous quantum random number generator takes laser phase fluctuation, vacuum shot noise and the like as entropy sources, the light source intensity is no longer single photon magnitude, and the correspondingly used detector speed and detection efficiency are not limited by the light source, so that the generation speed of random numbers is greatly improved, and the random number generation speed of Gbps magnitude can be realized.
The quantum random number scheme based on the vacuum state has received extensive attention and research due to the advantages of simple device structure, strong environmental adaptability, suitability for miniaturization and the like. Patent application document No. CN108536424A provides a vacuum state based quantum random number generator comprising: the device comprises a light source, a beam splitter, a first detector, a second detector, a subtracter and an analog-to-digital converter. The light source outputs the generated coherent light to a first input end of the beam splitter; a second input end of the beam splitter receives the vacuum state; the beam splitter divides the coherent light and the vacuum state into two light signals which are respectively output to a first detector and a second detector; the first detector converts the optical signal into a first current signal and outputs the first current signal to a first input end of the subtracter; the second detector converts the optical signal into a second current signal and outputs the second current signal to a second input end of the subtracter; the subtracter outputs the difference value of the received first current signal and the second current signal to the converter; the converter converts the difference into a discrete digital signal. According to the scheme, a vacuum state random signal is extracted through homodyne detection and converted into a random digital signal. The scheme is realized by adopting discrete devices, and has large integral size and high power consumption. Moreover, because the splitting ratio of the beam splitter is difficult to be accurate 50:50, the optical power of two beams of signal output by the beam splitter will have difference, so that the homodyne detection cannot completely eliminate local oscillation light, and the extraction of the vacuum state optical signal is influenced.
Patent application document No. CN108491185A discloses a high-speed real-time quantum random number generator based on opto-electric hybrid integration, comprising: light source, random number chip and electronics readout circuit that connect gradually, wherein: the random number chip includes: the optical attenuator comprises an optical beam splitter, a first optical attenuator, a second optical attenuator, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a transimpedance amplifier; two output ends of the optical splitter are respectively and independently connected with a first optical attenuator and a second optical attenuator; the output end of the first optical attenuator is connected with the first photoelectric detector, and the output end of the second optical attenuator is connected with the second photoelectric detector; the output ends of the first and second photodetectors are connected with a transimpedance amplifier. The scheme realizes the chip integration of optical devices and electronic devices by using silicon-based waveguide technology. However, the random number chip part of the scheme only integrates an optical signal post-processing device, and the light source part still needs to be externally connected, wherein a laser is connected with one input end of a beam splitter, continuous laser output by the laser is used as a local oscillation light source, and the other end of the beam splitter is vacant, namely used as vacuum state light. Because of the end reflection of the actual device, no matter a discrete device or an integrated chip is adopted, in the transmission process of optical signals, part of reflected stray light enters the vacant input end of the beam splitter, and the interference to a vacuum state optical field is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to eliminate the interference signal entering the vacuum state light field and ensure good quantum randomness.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a mix integrated quantum random number generating device, includes local oscillator light source and optical signal processing module, and local oscillator light source connects an input at optical signal processing module, still including the stray light annihilator of connecting the vacuum state optical signal input at optical signal processing module. A stray light eliminating module is arranged at the input end of the optical signal processing module and used for eliminating interference signals entering a vacuum state light field and ensuring good quantum randomness.
Preferably, the optical signal processing module includes a beam splitter, a first variable optical attenuator, a second variable optical attenuator, a first photodetector, a second photodetector, and a transimpedance amplifier, the local oscillator light source is connected to an input end of the beam splitter, the beam splitter has two outputs, and two outputs thereof are respectively connected to the first variable optical attenuator and the second variable optical attenuator, output ends of the first variable optical attenuator and the second variable optical attenuator are respectively connected to the first photodetector and the second photodetector, output ends of the first photodetector and the second photodetector are connected to an input end of the transimpedance amplifier, another input end of the beam splitter is used as a vacuum state optical signal input end, the stray light canceller is connected, and an output end of the transimpedance amplifier is used as an output end of the optical signal processing module.
Preferably, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter is 50: 50.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the local oscillator light source, the stray light canceller, and the optical signal processing module are integrated into a chip.
Preferably, the local oscillator light source is optically coupled to an input end of the beam splitter in a lens coupling manner.
Preferably, a grating structure is etched on an input end waveguide of the beam splitter, and the local oscillator light source is optically coupled with the grating structure in a flip chip bonding process.
As another specific embodiment of the present invention, the stray light eliminator and the optical signal processing module are integrated into a chip.
Preferably, the local oscillator light source is connected to an input end of the beam splitter through an optical fiber.
In the two specific embodiments, the stray light canceller, the beam splitter, the first variable optical attenuator, the second variable optical attenuator, the first photodetector, and the second photodetector are monolithically integrated by a silicon process platform compatible with a CMOS process.
As another specific embodiment of the present invention, the local oscillation light source, the stray light eliminator, the beam splitter, the first variable optical attenuator, the second variable optical attenuator, the first photodetector, and the second photodetector realize monolithic integration through a iii-v family process platform, that is, by using an indium phosphide substrate.
Preferably, the stray light eliminator is connected with the other input end of the beam splitter through a silicon waveguide, one output end of the beam splitter, the first variable optical attenuator and the first photodetector are connected through a silicon waveguide, and the other output end of the beam splitter, the second variable optical attenuator and the second photodetector are connected through a silicon waveguide.
Preferably, the cathode pad or the anode pad of the first photodetector and the anode pad or the cathode pad of the second photodetector are connected to the input pad of the transimpedance amplifier by wire bonding, and the signal output terminal is a signal output terminal in the form of a common electrode pad.
Preferably, the chip is in a butterfly package form.
Preferably, the local oscillator light source is a laser.
Preferably, the stray light eliminator is any one of an optical attenuator, a photodetector, or a curved optical waveguide with a small radius of curvature.
The invention also provides a generation system using the hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device, which comprises the hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the output end of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device is connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital converter.
Preferably, the generation system of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device further comprises a post-processor, and an input end of the post-processor is connected with an output end of the analog-to-digital converter.
Preferably, the post-processor is a programmable logic gate array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) a stray light eliminating device is added at the input end of the vacuum state optical signal to ensure that a vacuum state optical field is not interfered, namely, the quantum randomness of the random source is ensured.
2) The hybrid integrated quantum random number generation chip realizes the integral integration of a quantum random source and a quantum random source detection device, reduces the volume and the power consumption, has high integration level, and can directly output a vacuum state optical signal detection result.
3) The splitting ratio of the beam splitter is 50:50, the optical power of two beams of signals output by the beam splitter cannot be different, and the homodyne detection can thoroughly eliminate local oscillation light, so that the extraction of vacuum state optical signals is facilitated.
4) A post-processor processes the original quantum random number output by the analog-digital converter, removes the interference of electronic noise and the like of an actual device, and further optimizes the random characteristic.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quantum random number generating chip of a hybrid integrated quantum random number generating device disclosed in embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic package diagram of a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator disclosed in embodiments 1 and 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic package diagram of a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a generation system of a hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device disclosed in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The corresponding part names indicated by the numbers in the figures:
1. local oscillation light source 2, stray light eliminator 3, beam splitter
4. First variable optical attenuator 5, second variable optical attenuator 6, first photoelectric detector
7. Second photodetector 8, transimpedance amplifier
10. Quantum random number generator 20, analog-to-digital converter 30 and post-processor
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator includes a local oscillation light source 1, a stray light canceller 2, and an optical signal processing module, where the optical signal processing module includes a beam splitter 3, a first variable optical attenuator 4, a second variable optical attenuator 5, a first photodetector 6, a second photodetector 7, and a transimpedance amplifier 8.
The local oscillation light source 1 is a laser, the local oscillation light source 1 is connected with one input end of the beam splitter 3, and the local oscillation light output by the local oscillation light source 1 is coupled to one input end of the beam splitter 3; the other input end of the beam splitter 3 receives the vacuum state optical signal and is connected with the stray light eliminator 2. The beam splitter 3 has two outputs, and two outputs of the beam splitter are respectively connected with the first variable optical attenuator 4 and the second variable optical attenuator 5, and outputs of the first variable optical attenuator 4 and the second variable optical attenuator 5 are respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector 6 and the second photoelectric detector 7. The output ends of the first photodetector 6 and the second photodetector 7 are connected with the input end of the transimpedance amplifier 8.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the local oscillator light source 1 is a laser.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stray light canceller 2 is a light energy consuming device such as an optical attenuator, a photodetector, or a curved optical waveguide with a small curvature radius, and is configured to cancel stray light entering a vacuum optical field due to reflection at an end surface of the device, so as to prevent an optical signal in a vacuum state from being interfered.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the beam splitter 3 has a splitting ratio of 50: 50. The splitting ratio is 50:50, the optical power of the two beams of signals output by the beam splitter cannot be different, and the homodyne detection can thoroughly eliminate local oscillation light, so that the extraction of vacuum state optical signals is facilitated.
The working process of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generating device disclosed by the invention is as follows: the local oscillation light output by the local oscillation light source 1 is coupled to one input end of the beam splitter 3, the other input end of the beam splitter 3 receives the vacuum state optical signal and is connected with the stray light eliminator 2, and the stray light eliminator 2 eliminates stray light entering a vacuum state light field due to device end surface reflection, so that the vacuum state optical signal is prevented from being interfered. The first variable optical attenuator 4 and the second variable optical attenuator 5 are used for adjusting the power of the two paths of optical signals and compensating the splitting ratio of the beam splitter and the responsivity errors of the first photoelectric detector 6 and the second photoelectric detector 7. The first photodetector 6 and the second photodetector 7 convert the optical signals into electrical signals. The output currents of the first photodetector 6 and the second photodetector 7 are subtracted to obtain a differential current, and the differential current is input to the transimpedance amplifier 8. The transimpedance amplifier 8 amplifies the differential detection signal, and the output of the differential detection signal is the detection result of the vacuum state optical signal.
The invention discloses a hybrid integrated quantum random number generating device, which can realize multiple hybrid integrated forms, wherein random number generating chips composed of different hybrid integrated forms are different, each device in the quantum random number generating device is integrated in different combination forms to form different quantum random number generating chips, and devices which are not integrated are connected through external wiring; the random number generation chip with higher integration level integrates a local oscillation light source 1, a stray light eliminator 2, a beam splitter 3, a first variable optical attenuator 4, a second variable optical attenuator 5, a first photoelectric detector 6, a second photoelectric detector 7 and a transimpedance amplifier 8. Various hybrid integrated forms of the present invention are described below by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a hybrid integration form with a higher integration level, in which the local oscillator light source 1, the stray light canceller 2, and the optical signal processing module are integrated into a chip, that is, the local oscillator light source 1, the stray light canceller 2, the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4, the second variable optical attenuator 5, the first photodetector 6, the second photodetector 7, and the transimpedance amplifier 8 are integrated into a quantum random number generation chip; the structure diagram of the quantum random number generating chip is shown in fig. 2, specifically, the local oscillator light source 1 may be optically coupled to an input end of the beam splitter 3 in a lens coupling manner, or a grating structure may be etched on a silicon waveguide at an input end of the beam splitter 3, and the local oscillator light source 1 is optically coupled to the grating in a flip-chip (flip chip technology) manner. The stray light eliminator 2, the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4, the second variable optical attenuator 5, the first photodetector 6 and the second photodetector 7 are integrated on a single chip by a silicon process platform compatible with a CMOS process. The stray light eliminator 2 is connected with the other input end of the beam splitter 3 through a silicon waveguide, one output end of the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4 and the first photodetector 6 are connected through a silicon waveguide, the other output end of the beam splitter 3, the second variable optical attenuator 5 and the second photodetector 7 are connected through a silicon waveguide, and a cathode pad (pressure welding point) or an anode pad of the first photodetector 6 and an anode pad or a cathode pad of the second photodetector 7 are connected with an input end pad of the transimpedance amplifier 8 through a wire-bonding (wire welding) form as a signal output end in a form of a common electrode pad.
Specifically, the local oscillator light source 1 is a distributed feedback laser (DFB).
In particular, the beam splitter 3 is a multimode interferometer.
Specifically, the package of the hybrid integrated device is in a butterfly package form, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3a is a front view of the package of the hybrid integrated device disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention, fig. 3b is a side view of the package of the hybrid integrated device disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention, and fig. 3c is a top view of the package of the hybrid integrated device disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Example 2
The difference between embodiment 2 of the present invention and embodiment 1 is that:
the stray light eliminator 2 and the optical signal processing module are integrated into a chip, that is, the stray light eliminator 2, the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4, the second variable optical attenuator 5, the first photodetector 6, the second photodetector 7 and the transimpedance amplifier 8 are integrated into a quantum random number generating chip, the local oscillation light source 1 is not integrated, and the local oscillation light source 1 is connected with one input end of the beam splitter 3 through an optical fiber, wherein the integration mode of the stray light eliminator 2, the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4, the second variable optical attenuator 5, the first photodetector 6, the second photodetector 7 and the transimpedance amplifier 8 is the same as that in embodiment 1.
Specifically, the package of the hybrid integrated device is in a butterfly package form, as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4a is a front view of the package of the hybrid integrated device disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention, fig. 4b is a side view of the package of the hybrid integrated device disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention, and fig. 4c is a top view of the package of the hybrid integrated device disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Example 3
Compared with embodiment 1, in embodiment 3, the local oscillation light source 1, the stray light canceller 2, and the optical signal processing module are integrated into a chip, that is, the local oscillation light source 1, the stray light canceller 2, the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4, the second variable optical attenuator 5, the first photodetector 6, the second photodetector 7, and the transimpedance amplifier 8 are integrated into a quantum random number generating chip, the structure diagram of the quantum random number generating chip is shown in fig. 2, and the package is the same as that of embodiment 1 in a butterfly package form, so the package diagram is the same as that of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 3; however, the integration manner of embodiment 3 is different from that of embodiment 1. Specifically, the local oscillator light source 1, the stray light eliminator 2, the beam splitter 3, the first variable optical attenuator 4, the second variable optical attenuator 5, the first photodetector 6 and the second photodetector 7 realize monolithic integration by using an InP (indium phosphide) substrate through a iii-v process platform.
Example 4
The present invention also provides a generation system using the hybrid integrated quantum random number generation device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 3:
as shown in fig. 5, the generation system of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generator includes a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator 10, an analog-to-digital converter 20, and a post-processor 30, wherein an output terminal of a transimpedance amplifier 8 of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generator 10 is connected to an input terminal of the analog-to-digital converter 20, and an input terminal of the post-processor 30 is connected to an output terminal of the analog-to-digital converter 20. The analog-to-digital converter 20 is connected to the output end of the transimpedance amplifier 8, collects and quantizes the detection result of the vacuum state optical signal, converts the detection result into digital information, inputs the digital information into the post-processor 30 (for example, FPGA), and processes the digital information by a random number generation method to obtain a final random number. The post-processor 30 processes the original quantum random number output by the analog-to-digital converter 20, removes interference such as electronic noise of an actual device, and further optimizes the random characteristic.
Specifically, the post-processor 30 is a programmable logic gate array.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. The utility model provides a mix integrated quantum random number generating device, includes local oscillator light source and optical signal processing module, and local oscillator light source connects an input at optical signal processing module, its characterized in that still includes the stray light annihilator of connecting the vacuum state optical signal input end at optical signal processing module.
2. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator according to claim 1, wherein the optical signal processing module comprises a beam splitter, a first variable optical attenuator, a second variable optical attenuator, a first photodetector, a second photodetector, and a transimpedance amplifier, the local oscillator light source is connected to one input end of the beam splitter, the beam splitter has two outputs, and two output ends thereof are respectively connected to the first variable optical attenuator and the second variable optical attenuator, output ends of the first variable optical attenuator and the second variable optical attenuator are respectively connected to the first photodetector and the second photodetector, output ends of the first photodetector and the second photodetector are connected to an input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the other input end of the beam splitter is used as an optical signal input end in a vacuum state and is connected to the stray light canceller, and the output end of the trans-impedance amplifier is used as the output end of the optical signal processing module.
3. A hybrid integrated quantum random number generator according to claim 2, wherein the beam splitter has a splitting ratio of 50: 50.
4. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 2, wherein the local oscillator light source, the stray light canceller, and the optical signal processing module are integrated into a chip.
5. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 4, wherein the local oscillator light source is optically coupled to an input of the beam splitter by means of a lens coupling.
6. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 4, wherein a grating structure is etched on an input waveguide of the beam splitter, and the local oscillator light source is optically coupled to the grating structure by flip chip technology.
7. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 4, wherein the local oscillator light source, the stray light canceller, the beam splitter, the first variable optical attenuator, the second variable optical attenuator, the first photodetector and the second photodetector are monolithically integrated via a III-V family process platform, i.e., using an indium phosphide substrate.
8. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 2, wherein the stray light canceller is integrated with the optical signal processing module into a chip.
9. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 8, wherein the local oscillator light source is coupled to an input of the beam splitter via an optical fiber.
10. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 4 or 8, wherein the stray light canceller, the beam splitter, the first variable optical attenuator, the second variable optical attenuator, the first photodetector and the second photodetector are monolithically integrated via a silicon process platform compatible with CMOS processes.
11. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 2, wherein the stray light canceller is connected to another input end of the beam splitter through a silicon waveguide, one output end of the beam splitter, the first variable optical attenuator, and the first photodetector are connected to each other through a silicon waveguide, and another output end of the beam splitter, the second variable optical attenuator, and the second photodetector are connected to each other through a silicon waveguide.
12. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 2, wherein the cathode pad or anode pad of the first photo-detector and the anode pad or cathode pad of the second photo-detector are connected to the input pad of the transimpedance amplifier by wire bonding via a common electrode pad as signal output terminals.
13. A hybrid integrated quantum random number generator device according to claim 4 or 8, wherein said chip is in the form of a butterfly package.
14. The hybrid integrated quantum random number generator of claim 1, wherein the local oscillator light source is a laser.
15. A hybrid integrated quantum random number generator device according to claim 1, wherein said stray light canceller is any one of an optical attenuator, a photodetector or a small radius of curvature curved optical waveguide.
16. A generation system using a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator device according to any of claims 1 to 15, comprising a hybrid integrated quantum random number generator device and an analog-to-digital converter, the output of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generator device being connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter.
17. The generation system of claim 16, wherein the generation system of the hybrid integrated quantum random number generator further comprises a post-processor, an input of the post-processor being connected to an output of the analog-to-digital converter.
18. The generation system of claim 17, wherein the post-processor is a programmable gate array.
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| CN111721193A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-29 | 华东师范大学 | Teaching demonstration device and demonstration method for measuring quantum noise in laser interferometer |
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