CN110618461A - Repairable fluid non-polarized electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Repairable fluid non-polarized electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110618461A CN110618461A CN201910875546.4A CN201910875546A CN110618461A CN 110618461 A CN110618461 A CN 110618461A CN 201910875546 A CN201910875546 A CN 201910875546A CN 110618461 A CN110618461 A CN 110618461A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a repairable fluid non-polarized electrode, which comprises the following steps: mixing lead chloride, sodium chloride and kaolin according to a certain weight ratio, adding a proper amount of water, and adjusting the pH value to 4-5 to prepare a salt fluid; manufacturing a closed electrode shell by an organic glass cylinder, a top cover and a pottery clay permeation bottom plate; pouring a salt fluid into the electrode shell and placing a lead wire bent in a spiral shape, wherein the top end of the lead wire extends out of a central through hole in a top cover of the electrode shell and is connected with an electrode wire; the preparation method of the repairable fluid non-polarized electrode is simple to operate and low in cost, and the repairable fluid non-polarized electrode prepared by the method has the advantages of small internal resistance, stable range, repairable, strong adaptability to environmental temperature and repeated cyclic utilization, is economical and environment-friendly, and is suitable for field construction such as a geophysical prospecting conventional electrical method and an electromagnetic method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrode materials, in particular to a repairable fluid non-polarized electrode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The non-polarized electrode is an important component of a conventional electrical and electromagnetic exploration and collection system, and is widely used in the field of geophysical prospecting. At present, domestic nonpolarized electrodes generally exist: 1) the service life cycle is short, and is generally only 3-5 months; 2) the phenomenon of unstable performance appears along with the prolonging of the service time, and the data quality is seriously influenced; 3) the electrode is consumed at one time, so that the loss is large, the maintenance is difficult, and great waste is caused; 4) the abandoned non-polarized electrode contains heavy metal elements such as lead and the like, and needs to be treated in a professional and harmless way, otherwise, the environment pollution is caused by improper treatment, and the treatment cost is increased. There is therefore an urgent need to develop a non-polarizing electrode which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode preparation method which overcomes the defects of the existing non-polarizing electrode.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode prepared by the above method for preparing the repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a salt fluid: mixing lead chloride, sodium chloride and kaolin with the particle size of 300-500 meshes according to the weight ratio of (0.05-0.1) to (1-1.5) to 1, adding deionized water with the weight being 0.3-0.5 time of the total weight of the lead chloride, the sodium chloride and the kaolin, stirring uniformly, and adding dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5;
s2, manufacturing an electrode shell: the device comprises a cylindrical barrel body made of organic glass and provided with openings at two ends, a top cover made of organic glass, and a pottery clay permeation bottom plate which is formed by firing pottery clay and has the water permeability of 1-2%; wherein, the top cover is detachably fixed at the opening at the top end of the cylinder body, and the argil permeation bottom plate is fixed at the opening at the bottom end of the cylinder body, so that the electrode shell can form a closed shell;
s3, pouring the salt fluid prepared in the step S1 into an electrode shell, and arranging a lead wire bent in a spiral shape in the middle of the electrode shell; wherein, the bottom end of the lead wire is not contacted with the argil infiltration bottom plate, the top end of the lead wire extends out of the central through hole on the top cover of the electrode shell, and the spiral part of the lead wire is completely immersed in the salt fluid;
s4, sealing the joint of the cylinder of the electrode shell and the top cover and the argil penetration bottom plate respectively, and connecting the top end of a lead wire with an electrode wire.
In the above-described repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode preparation process:
1) the salt fluid used by the electrode adopts the mixed liquid of lead chloride, sodium chloride, kaolin and water,wherein, PbCl2And NaCl in the deionized water in a supersaturated state, and adding Pb in the mixed solution according to a specific ratio2+、Cl-、Na+The ions are in a stable saturated state for a long time and are fully contacted with the lead wire, so that Pb is contained2+The settling and migration velocities of the ions reach a dynamic equilibrium and the resulting polarization potential will remain (or approach) a constant standard potential. So that the polarization potential difference between every two electrodes can reach or approach zero, and the purpose of improving the electrode performance is realized; in addition, the pH value of the salt fluid is maintained between 4 and 5, and the pH range can enable the metal ions to keep the activity;
2) in the using process of the electrode, only solvent water is consumed, so that the electrode adopts organic glass as a cylinder body and a top cover of an electrode shell, the top cover is in threaded connection with the cylinder body, the material is enabled to be firm and durable, and simultaneously, the dryness and humidity of fluid in the electrode can be observed at any time to determine whether water needs to be supplemented in time, namely, the electrode can be repaired by supplementing deionized water into the motor shell, so that the extreme difference and the internal resistance of the electrode are recovered to the initial state;
3) the electrode adopts a pottery clay penetration plate with the permeability of 1-2% as an electrode shell bottom plate, so that the resistance of the electrode is less than 30 omega, and the electrode is ensured to have good conductivity; meanwhile, the water and salt ions in the electrode are prevented from being excessively quickly lost, and the material is firm and durable and is not easy to damage;
4) the casing of the electrode adopts an organic glass and argil permeable plate, the lead wire and the salt fluid in the mixing process of lead chloride, sodium chloride, kaolin and water are adopted in the electrode, the materials are all materials which can be recycled, the electrode is environment-friendly, and the use cost of the non-polarized electrode can be saved by more than 70% compared with the existing non-polarized electrode.
Preferably, in step S1, the weight ratio of lead chloride, sodium chloride and kaolin is 0.05:1.5:1, and the amount of deionized water added is 0.4 times the total weight of lead chloride, sodium chloride and kaolin; the particle size of the kaolin is 500 meshes.
Preferably, in step S2, the clay has a water permeability of 2% through the mat. Although the water permeability is higher than the water loss rate of the argil penetrating through the bottom plate with the water permeability of 1%, the conductivity is the best choice based on the double consideration of the water loss rate and the conductivity.
Preferably, in step S3, the spiral lead wire is bent using a lead wire having a diameter of 3 to 10 mm. More preferably, the spiral lead wire is formed by bending a lead wire with the diameter of 5 mm.
Preferably, in step S4, an electrode wire is connected to the top end of the lead wire, and the electrode wire has a cross-sectional area of 2.5-4 mm with an insulating layer coated on the outer layer2The single-core multi-strand annealed copper wire.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the electrode shell is 50-80 mm, the inner diameter of the electrode shell is 40-70 mm, and the height of the electrode shell is 60-100 mm. The repairable fluid non-polarized electrode enables the lead wire to be matched with the corresponding salt fluid, so that the electrode shell with a small size and specification can be used, and is small and portable.
Preferably, in step S3, the salt fluid is added to the electrode housing in an amount of 80% to 90% of the volume of the lumen thereof.
A repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode is prepared by the preparation method of the repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the repairable fluid nonpolarizing electrode is simple to operate and low in cost, and the repairable fluid nonpolarizing electrode prepared by the method has the advantages of small internal resistance, stable range, repairable, strong adaptability to environmental temperature and repeated cyclic utilization, is economic and environment-friendly, and is suitable for field construction such as a geophysical prospecting conventional electrical method and an electromagnetic method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a repairable, fluid non-polarizing electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of test results of typical range and range drift for repairable, fluid-nonpolarized electrodes of examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of test results of typical internal resistances and internal resistance drift of repairable, fluid-nonpolarized electrodes of examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A repairable, fluid-nonpolarizing electrode as shown in fig. 1, prepared by the steps of:
1) preparation of salt fluid 1: weighing 300g of 500-mesh kaolin, 450g of sodium chloride and 15g of lead chloride, uniformly mixing, adding 300g of deionized water, uniformly stirring, and adding 37.5 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5;
2) manufacturing two identical electrode shells 2, wherein each electrode shell comprises a cylindrical barrel 201 and a top cover 202 which are made of organic glass and are provided with openings at two ends, and a pottery clay permeation bottom plate 203 which is made of pottery clay and is sintered to have the permeability of 2%; wherein, the top cover 202 is connected with the opening at the top end of the cylinder 201 in a threaded manner, and the argil permeation bottom plate 203 is fixed at the opening at the bottom end of the cylinder 201 through waterproof glue, so that the electrode shell 2 forms a closed shell; the dimensions of the two electrode housings 2 are specified as: a cylindrical hollow shell with an inner diameter of 70mm, an outer diameter of 80mm and a height of 60 mm;
3) the salt fluid 1 prepared in the step S1 is poured into the two electrode shells 2 on average, so that 80-90% of the volume of the inner cavity of each electrode shell is filled with the salt fluid; then, put into a lead 3 that is the heliciform of buckling in every electrode shell 2 middle part, lead 3 adopts the lead bending type that the diameter is 5mm to form, and it does not contact with electrode shell 2, the top stretches out from the central through-hole on the electrode shell top cap to be connected with electrode line 4 on the lead top, electrode line 4 adopts the outer national standard 2.5mm who has the insulating layer of cladding to cover2The joint of the single-core multi-strand annealed copper wire and the annealed copper wire is provided with a protective sleeve;
4) and (3) sealing the joints of the cylinder 201 of the electrode shell 2 and the top cover 202 and the argil penetration bottom plate 203 respectively by using waterproof glue to manufacture a pair of fluid non-polarized electrodes.
Example 2
A repairable, fluid-nonpolarizing electrode as shown in fig. 1, prepared by the steps of:
1) preparation of salt fluid 1: weighing 350g of kaolin with 300 meshes, 400g of sodium chloride and 35g of lead chloride, uniformly mixing, adding 350g of deionized water, uniformly stirring, adding 37.5 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid, and adjusting the pH value to 5;
2) manufacturing two identical electrode shells 2, wherein each electrode shell comprises a cylindrical barrel body 201 and a top cover 202 which are made of organic glass and are provided with openings at two ends, and a pottery clay permeation bottom plate 203 which is made of pottery clay and is sintered to have the permeability of 1%; wherein, the top cover 202 is connected with the opening at the top end of the cylinder 201 in a threaded manner, and the argil permeation bottom plate 203 is fixed at the opening at the bottom end of the cylinder 201 through waterproof glue, so that the electrode shell 2 forms a closed shell; the dimensions of the two electrode housings 2 are specified as: a cylindrical hollow shell with an inner diameter of 70mm, an outer diameter of 80mm and a height of 60 mm;
3) pouring the salt fluid prepared in the step S1 into 2 electrode shells 2 on average, so that 80-90% of the volume of the inner cavity of each electrode shell is filled with the salt fluid; then, put into a lead 3 that is the heliciform of buckling in every electrode shell 2 middle part, lead 3 adopts the lead bending type that the diameter is 3mm to form, and it does not contact with electrode shell 2, the top stretches out from the central through-hole on the electrode shell top cap to be connected with electrode line 4 on lead 3 tops, electrode line 4 adopts the outer national standard 2.5mm that has the insulating layer of cladding 2.5mm2The joint of the single-core multi-strand annealed copper wire and the annealed copper wire is provided with a protective sleeve;
4) and sealing the joints of the cylinder of the electrode shell and the top cover and the argil penetration bottom plate respectively by using waterproof glue to manufacture a pair of fluid non-polarized electrodes.
Example 3
A repairable, fluid-nonpolarizing electrode as shown in fig. 1, prepared by the steps of:
s1, preparing a salt fluid 1: weighing 400g of kaolin with 400 meshes, 400g of sodium chloride and 20g of lead chloride, uniformly mixing, adding 350g of deionized water, uniformly stirring, and adding dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.1;
2) manufacturing two identical electrode shells 2, wherein each electrode shell comprises a cylindrical barrel 201 and a top cover 202 which are made of organic glass and are provided with openings at two ends, and a pottery clay permeation bottom plate 203 which is made of pottery clay and is sintered to have the permeability of 2%; wherein, the top cover 202 is connected with the opening at the top end of the cylinder 201 in a threaded manner, and the argil permeation bottom plate 203 is fixed at the opening at the bottom end of the cylinder through waterproof glue, so that the electrode shell forms a closed shell; the dimensions of the two electrode housings are in particular: a cylindrical hollow shell with an inner diameter of 70mm, an outer diameter of 80mm and a height of 60 mm;
3) pouring the salt fluid prepared in the step S1 into 2 electrode shells on average, so that 80-90% of the volume of the inner cavity of each electrode shell is filled with the salt fluid; then, put into a lead wire 3 that is the heliciform of buckling in every electrode shell middle part, lead wire 3 adopts the lead wire bending type that the diameter is 10mm to form, and it does not contact with electrode shell 2, and the top stretches out from the central through-hole on the 2 top caps of electrode shell to be connected with electrode line 4 on lead wire 3 top, electrode line 4 adopts the external national standard 4mm who has the insulating layer of cladding to have an electrode wire 42The joint of the single-core multi-strand annealed copper wire and the annealed copper wire is provided with a protective sleeve;
4) and (3) sealing the joints of the cylinder 201 of the electrode shell 2 and the top cover 202 and the argil penetration bottom plate 203 respectively by using waterproof glue to manufacture a pair of fluid non-polarized electrodes.
And (3) performance testing:
typical range and range drift tests for fluid unpolarized electrodes:
the experimental method comprises the following steps: 3 pairs of the fluid non-polarizing electrodes prepared in examples 1 to 3 were placed in a water tank, and saturated sodium chloride brine was poured into the water tank so that the bottom of the fluid non-polarizing electrodes was submerged by 2 cm. The difference between the poles of each pair of fluid non-polarized electrodes was measured using a dc voltmeter each day and continuously for 3 months.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing typical range test results for each pair of fluid non-polarizing electrodes prepared in examples 1-3. Specific test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
| examples | Extremely poor (microvolt) | Range drift (microvolt/day) |
| Example 1 | 0～30 | 10 |
| Example 2 | 0～55 | 22 |
| Example 3 | 0～100 | 35 |
With reference to FIG. 3 and Table 1, the electrodes of example 1 had typical range of 0-30 microvolts with range drift of 10 microvolts/day; the typical range of the electrode of example 2 is 0-55 microvolts, with a range drift of 22 microvolts/day; the typical range of the electrode of example 3 is 0-100 microvolts, and the range drift is 35 microvolts/day; the performance of 3 pairs of electrodes is almost unchanged after 90-day observation, which shows that the non-polarized electrode prepared by the invention has better stability. Among them, the unpolarized cell prepared in example 1 has smaller range and lower range drift, which is the best example of the present application.
(II) typical internal resistance and internal resistance drift test
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the three pairs of the non-polarized electrodes prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 are respectively placed in a water tank, and saturated sodium chloride brine is poured into the water tank, so that the brine submerges the bottom of the non-polarized electrodes by 2 cm. The internal resistance of each pair of fluid non-polarized electrodes was measured separately using an ohmmeter every day and continuously for 3 months.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the results of a test of typical internal resistances of the fluid non-polarizing electrode prepared in example 1. The test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2:
| examples | Internal resistance (ohm) | Drift of internal resistance (ohm/day) |
| Example 1 | 22～26 | 2 |
| Example 2 | 20～27 | 2.2 |
| Example 3 | 22～29 | 2.5 |
With reference to fig. 4 and table 2, the typical internal resistance of the electrode of example 1 ranged from 22 Ω to 26 Ω, with a drift of less than 2 Ω/day; the typical internal resistance of the electrode in the embodiment 2 is 20-27 omega, and the internal resistance drift is less than 2.2 omega/day; the typical internal resistance of the electrode in the embodiment 3 is 22-29 omega, and the internal resistance drift is less than 2.5 omega/day; it can be seen that the electrodes prepared in examples 1 to 3 have a good low internal resistance characteristic. Among them, the unpolarized cell prepared in example 1 satisfies the requirement of small internal resistance and the range of range drift is the best example of this application.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a repairable fluid non-polarizing electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a salt fluid: mixing lead chloride, sodium chloride and kaolin with the particle size of 300-500 meshes according to the weight ratio of (0.05-0.1) to (1-1.5) to 1, adding deionized water with the weight being 0.3-0.5 time of the total weight of the lead chloride, the sodium chloride and the kaolin, stirring uniformly, and adding dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5;
s2, manufacturing an electrode shell: the device comprises a cylindrical barrel body made of organic glass and provided with openings at two ends, a top cover made of organic glass, and a pottery clay permeation bottom plate which is formed by firing pottery clay and has the water permeability of 1-2%; wherein, the top cover is detachably fixed at the opening at the top end of the cylinder body, and the argil permeation bottom plate is fixed at the opening at the bottom end of the cylinder body, so that the electrode shell can form a closed shell;
s3, pouring the salt fluid prepared in the step S1 into an electrode shell, and arranging a lead wire bent in a spiral shape in the middle of the electrode shell; wherein, the bottom end of the lead wire is not contacted with the argil infiltration bottom plate, the top end of the lead wire extends out of the central through hole on the top cover of the electrode shell, and the spiral part of the lead wire is completely immersed in the salt fluid;
s4, sealing the joint of the cylinder of the electrode shell and the top cover and the argil penetration bottom plate respectively, and connecting the top end of a lead wire with an electrode wire.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the weight ratio of lead chloride to sodium chloride to kaolin is 0.05:1.5:1, and the amount of deionized water is 0.4 times the total weight of lead chloride to sodium chloride to kaolin; the particle size of the kaolin is 500 meshes.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the ceramic has a water permeability of 2%.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the spiral lead wire is bent with a diameter of 3-10 mm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, an electrode wire is connected to the top end of the lead wire, and the electrode wire is 2.5-4 mm international with an insulating layer covering the outer layer2The single-core multi-strand annealed copper wire.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode shell has an outer diameter of 50-80 mm, an inner diameter of 40-70 mm, and a height of 60-100 mm.
7. A repairable, fluid-nonpolarizing electrode, prepared according to any of claims 1 to 6.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114063174A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-18 | 中国煤炭地质总局水文物测队 | Direct current electrical prospecting device and method |
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| CN1529375A (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2004-09-15 | 福州大学 | Method for preparing solid-state cell using water as oxidant |
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