CN110616506B - Composite nanofiber membrane with glass fibers as base materials and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Composite nanofiber membrane with glass fibers as base materials and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110616506B CN110616506B CN201810630660.6A CN201810630660A CN110616506B CN 110616506 B CN110616506 B CN 110616506B CN 201810630660 A CN201810630660 A CN 201810630660A CN 110616506 B CN110616506 B CN 110616506B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0092—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the electrical field, e.g. combined with a magnetic fields, using biased or alternating fields
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4318—Fluorine series
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite nanofiber membrane taking glass fibers as a base material and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the composite nanofiber membrane is a double-layer structure which takes the glass fibers as a supporting base material and is formed by compounding nanofiber layers on the glass fibers, and the nanofiber layers comprise the following components: the composite material comprises dimethylacetamide, acetone and PVDF, wherein the volume ratio of the dimethylacetamide to the acetone is 9:1-6:4, and the mass fraction of the PVDF is 8.5% -13%; the method for manufacturing the composite nanofiber membrane comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing spinning solution by batching, and secondly, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the composite nanofiber layer; the preparation method is simple, the fiber diameter of the prepared composite nanofiber membrane is 150-800nm, the thickness of the nanofiber layer is 15-20 mu m, the absolute filtration precision is 0.45-10 mu m, and the filtration efficiency can reach more than 99.999%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nanofiber membranes, in particular to a composite nanofiber membrane taking glass fibers as a base material and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The nano fiber is a linear material with the diameter of nano scale and larger length, and the fiber diameter is generally between dozens of nanometers and hundreds of nanometers; due to the extremely fine fiber diameter, the nanofiber has the characteristics of extremely high specific surface area, extremely small pore size, extremely high porosity, static electricity retention and the like, and has great application value in the filtration industry.
In foreign countries, because of great importance to industrialization, the Donaldson company in the united states applies electrospun nanofiber materials to industrial gas filtration, liquid filtration, engine air filtration, clean room air filtration 30 years ago; from 2003, Elmarco of Czech developed a nano spider electrostatic spinning technology, the industrialization of electrostatic spinning equipment is realized globally for the first time, and nanofiber products produced by utilizing the electrostatic spinning technology are commercially used in the fields of protective masks, sound absorption, noise prevention and the like.
In China, the research of China in the field of nano fibers has been carried out for many years, and research of institutes and universities in Shanghai, Changchun, Beijing, Suzhou and the like in the aspect of nano fiber forming and application has achieved a great deal of achievement; meanwhile, in recent years, the application advantages of nanofibers in many fields are reported in a large number of academic papers and are regarded by the industry.
However, the research in the nanofiber field of our country is still staying at the laboratory stage as a whole, and the industrial production of the nanofiber filtration membrane is not formed. In addition, the nanofiber membrane produced by the prior art has the problems of narrow filtration precision range, low filtration efficiency, no high temperature resistance, difficulty in regeneration, cleaning, maintenance and the like, cannot meet higher requirements for the filtration membrane under the development of industrial production and scientific technology, and the performance of the nanofiber membrane needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite nanofiber membrane using glass fibers as a substrate, which has a wide precision range, a high filtration efficiency, a particle interception rate of 99.999% or more, and has the characteristics of good regeneration effect, easy cleaning and maintenance, good oil-water separation effect, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the composite nanofiber membrane taking glass fibers as a base material is a double-layer structure which takes the glass fibers as a supporting base material and is formed by compounding nanofiber layers on the glass fibers, wherein the nanofiber layers comprise the following components: the polyvinylidene fluoride comprises dimethylacetamide, acetone and polyvinylidene fluoride, wherein the volume ratio of the dimethylacetamide to the acetone is 9:1-6:4, and the mass fraction of the polyvinylidene fluoride is 8.5% -13%.
Further, the fiber diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane is 150-800nm, and the thickness of the nanofiber layer is 15-20 μm.
Further, the absolute filtration precision of the composite nanofiber membrane is 0.45-10 μm.
Furthermore, the filtration precision of the composite nanofiber membrane reaches 0.5 mu m, and the filtration efficiency is more than or equal to 99.999 percent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the composite nanofiber membrane using glass fiber as a substrate, comprising the following steps:
preparing spinning solution by using ingredients: weighing dimethylacetamide and acetone according to a volume ratio of 9:1-6:4, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, placing polyvinylidene fluoride in an oven at a temperature of 60-90 ℃ for drying for 20-26h to obtain polyvinylidene fluoride dry powder, weighing polyvinylidene fluoride dry powder, adding the polyvinylidene fluoride dry powder into the mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing, transferring the mixture into a stirring reaction kettle, stirring and reacting for 8h at a temperature of 65-95 ℃, automatically starting an emulsion pump for 6-12min, then starting the emulsion pump for 6-12min every 2h of stirring and reacting, and stirring for 10-14h, and then closing the stirrer to obtain a spinning solution;
electrostatic spinning of the composite nanofiber layer: and winding the glass fiber substrate onto a winding roller in a passive winding mode, carrying out electrostatic spinning operation on the spinning solution through an electrostatic spinning machine, and compounding the spinning solution on the glass fiber substrate to form a nanofiber layer.
Further, the stirring speed of the reaction kettle in the step of preparing the spinning solution by the ingredients is 1000-1400 r/min.
Further, the electrostatic spinning machine comprises a machine body, a spinning solution injection frame, an injection pump, an unwinding roller, a receiving roller and a winding roller are arranged in the machine body, a spinning nozzle is arranged on the spinning solution injection frame, a spinning needle head is arranged in the spinning nozzle, the spinning nozzle is communicated with the injection pump, a high-voltage electric field exists between the spinning nozzle and the receiving roller, the high-voltage electric field is generated by a high-voltage generator, and the high-voltage generator is arranged in the machine body; the unwinding roller is used for passively unwinding the glass fiber substrate, the receiving roller actively rotates and receives the glass fiber substrate from the unwinding roller, during spinning, the spinning solution sprayed by the spinning nozzle is sprayed on the glass fiber substrate on the receiving roller to form a nanofiber layer, and the winding roller is tangent to the receiving roller and is driven by the receiving roller to passively wind the glass fiber compounded with the nanofiber layer.
Furthermore, the injection speed of an injection pump in the electrostatic spinning operation is 0.1-2mL/min, the ambient temperature is 45-50 ℃, and the voltage generated by a high-voltage generator is 15-25 kV.
Further, the spinning distance is 13.5-25cm, the inner diameter of the spinning needle head is 0.3-0.9mm, the moving speed of the spinning nozzle is 250-300r/min, and the rotating speed of the receiving roller is 1-10 r/h.
The preparation method can realize the industrialized production of the composite nanofiber membrane, when the composite nanofiber membrane is produced, the glass fiber nanofiber filtering membrane with the absolute precision of 0.45-10 mu m can be manufactured by adjusting the parameters, the spinning thickness is adjusted to be 1-20 mu m, and the glass fiber nanofiber filtering membrane with the filtering efficiency of more than 99.999 percent can be produced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention optimizes the production process of the nanofiber membrane, can realize the industrialized production of the composite nanofiber membrane, the produced composite nanofiber membrane takes glass fiber as a supporting base material, the absolute filtration precision is between 0.45 and 10 mu m, the filtration efficiency of corresponding large and small particles in the air can reach more than 99.999 percent, the filtration effect is good, the composite nanofiber membrane is easy to clean, maintain and regenerate, when in cleaning and regeneration, the air gun is used for blowing gently, the cleaning can be carried out, the recovery can be carried out, the high-temperature environment of 180 ℃ can be resisted, besides solid particles can be filtered, the oil-water separation effect is good, and the composite nanofiber membrane can be widely applied to the fields of air filtration, dust removal filtration, fuel oil hydraulic oil filtration and the like.
The filter can be applied to a clean room high-efficiency filter in air filtration, and the filtration efficiency can reach more than 99.999 percent; the majority of particles are intercepted outside the nanofiber layer, and are easy to clean, maintain and regenerate.
The high-temperature dust removal filter cartridge can be applied to dust removal filtration. The invention relates to a composite nanometer fiber membrane which takes glass fiber as a base material, can resist 180 ℃ high temperature environment, has the highest filtering precision of 0.45 mu m, can efficiently remove dust from high temperature smoke when being applied to a high temperature dust removal filter cylinder, has the dust removal efficiency of more than 99.999 percent, and can reverse the condition that the existing high temperature dust removal filter cylinder depends on foreign products.
The filter is applied to filtering fuel oil and hydraulic oil. Fluid systems such as hydraulic oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil, cold air and the like which take fluid as working media are important components of aircrafts such as airplanes, and pollutants such as solid particles, water and the like in the fluid can cause abrasion, clamping stagnation and corrosion of components in the aircrafts, so that functional faults of the fluid systems are caused, and the flight safety of the aircrafts is directly threatened. A large number of domestic and foreign researches prove that more than 70% of mechanical failures of an aircraft fluid system are caused by pollution of working media; the composite nanofiber membrane produced by the invention and taking the glass fiber as the base material has high filtering efficiency on solid particles with the particle size of more than 0.5 mu m, can effectively prevent the pollution of working media such as fuel oil, hydraulic oil and the like, and has important effects on improving the reliability of equipment, prolonging the service life of the equipment, improving the performance of the equipment and the like; the oil-water separator can also effectively remove water in oil, carry out oil-water separation, and prevent water in the oil from corroding parts of a fluid system, so that the abrasion of the parts is intensified, the aging of oil products is accelerated, the insulating property of the oil products is reduced, microorganisms are bred, and a series of adverse effects are generated on the normal operation and work of fluid equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production of a composite nanofiber membrane based on glass fibers according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of an electrospinning machine according to the present invention;
the spinning machine comprises a machine body 1, a spinning solution injection frame 2, a spinning nozzle 21, a spinning needle 22, an unwinding roller 3, a receiving roller 4, a stepping motor 41, a winding roller 5 and a glass fiber substrate 6.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following description of the drawings and specific examples:
the composite nanofiber membrane disclosed by the invention is a double-layer structure which takes glass fibers as a supporting base material and is formed by compounding nanofiber layers on the glass fibers, wherein the nanofiber layers comprise the following components: dimethylacetamide, acetone and PVDF; as shown in figure 1, the method for manufacturing the composite nanofiber membrane comprises the steps of material preparation, spinning solution preparation and electrostatic spinning, as shown in fig. 2, the electrostatic spinning machine used in the electrostatic spinning operation comprises a machine body 1, a spinning solution injection frame 2, an unwinding roller 3, a receiving roller 4 and a winding roller 5 are installed in the machine body 1, the spinning solution injection frame 2 and the unwinding roller 3 are positioned at two sides of the receiving roller 4, the winding roller 5 is positioned at the upper end of the receiving roller 4, the spinning solution injection frame 2 can transversely and longitudinally move on the bottom surface of the machine body 1, a spinning nozzle 21 is installed on the spinning solution injection frame 2, a spinning needle 22 is arranged in the spinning nozzle 21, the spinning nozzle 21 is communicated with a constant pressure injection pump (not shown in the figure), a high voltage electric field exists between the spinning nozzle 21 and the receiving roller 4, the high voltage electric field is generated by a high voltage generator, which is installed in the machine body 1 (not shown in the figure); the unwinding roller 3 is driven by the receiving roller 4 to passively unwind the glass fiber substrate 6, the receiving roller 4 actively rotates and receives the glass fiber substrate 6 from the unwinding roller 3, and the receiving roller 4 is driven by a stepping motor 41 to rotate; during spinning, the spinning distance between the spinning nozzle 21 and the receiving roller 4 is adjusted, the spinning nozzle 21 moves along the axial direction of the receiving roller 4, the injection pump is started, the spinning solution sprayed by the spinning nozzle 21 is sprayed on the glass fiber base material 6 on the receiving roller 4 to form a nanofiber layer, and the winding roller 5 is tangent to the upper end of the receiving roller 4 and is driven by the receiving roller 4 to perform passive winding on the glass fiber compounded with the nanofiber layer.
The specific steps for making the composite nanofiber membrane are shown in examples one through four.
Example one
A method for manufacturing a composite nanofiber membrane with glass fibers as a base material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing dimethylacetamide and acetone according to the volume ratio of 8:2, and uniformly mixing the weighed dimethylacetamide and acetone to form dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution for later use;
(2) weighing a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) powder raw material, putting the PVDF powder raw material into an oven for drying, wherein the temperature in the oven is 85 ℃, drying for 24 hours, pouring dried PVDF powder into a dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of PVDF in the mixed solution is 8.7%;
(3) pouring the mixed solution into a stirring reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 80 ℃, starting a stirrer at a stirring speed of 1200r/min, stirring for 8h, automatically starting an emulsification pump for 10min, automatically starting the emulsification pump for 10min every 2h, stirring for 12h, and then closing the stirrer to obtain a spinning solution;
(4) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning operation on the spinning solution by using an electrostatic spinning machine, setting the ambient temperature of the spinning machine to be 48 ℃, setting the voltage generated by a high-voltage generator to be 20kV, setting the spinning distance between a spinning nozzle and a receiving roller to be 17.5cm, setting the inner diameter of a spinning needle to be 0.3mm, setting the moving speed of the spinning nozzle to be 280r/min, the rotating speed of the receiving roller to be 3r/h, the injection speed of an injection pump to be 1ml/min and the spinning thickness to be 1 mu m, and preparing the composite nanofiber membrane taking the glass fiber as the base material.
Through detection, the fiber diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the method and taking the glass fiber as the base material is between 150-300nm, the thickness of the nanofiber is 1 mu m, the absolute filtration precision is 10 mu m, and the filtration efficiency of particles with the particle size of more than 10 mu m in the air is more than 99.999 percent.
Example two
A method for manufacturing a composite nanofiber membrane with glass fibers as a base material comprises the following steps:
(1) taking dimethylacetamide and acetone according to the volume ratio of 9:1, and uniformly mixing the taken dimethylacetamide and acetone to form dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution for later use;
(2) weighing a PVDF powder raw material, putting the PVDF powder raw material into an oven for drying, wherein the temperature in the oven is 90 ℃, drying for 20h, pouring dried PVDF powder into a dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of PVDF in the mixed solution is 8.5%;
(3) pouring the mixed solution into a stirring reaction kettle, wherein the heating temperature of the reaction kettle is 95 ℃, starting a stirrer, the stirring speed is 1400r/min, stirring for 8h, automatically starting an emulsification pump for 6min, automatically starting the emulsification pump for 6min every 2h, and after stirring for 10h, closing the stirrer to obtain a spinning solution;
(4) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning operation on the spinning solution by using an electrostatic spinning machine, setting the ambient temperature of the spinning machine to be 45 ℃, the voltage generated by a high-voltage generator to be 23kV, the spinning distance to be 22.5cm, the inner diameter of a spinning needle head to be 0.3mm, the moving speed of a spinning nozzle to be 250r/min, the rotating speed of a receiving roller to be 1r/h, the injection speed of an injection pump to be 0.6ml/min and the spinning thickness to be 20 mu m, and preparing the composite nanofiber membrane taking the glass fiber as the base material.
Through detection, the fiber diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the method and taking the glass fiber as the base material is between 500-800nm, the thickness of the nanofiber is 20 microns, the absolute filtration precision is 0.45 microns, and the filtration efficiency of particles with the particle size of more than 0.5 microns in the air is more than 99.999%.
EXAMPLE III
A method for manufacturing a composite nanofiber membrane with glass fibers as a base material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing dimethylacetamide and acetone according to the volume ratio of 6:4, and uniformly mixing the weighed dimethylacetamide and acetone to form dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution for later use;
(2) weighing a PVDF powder raw material, putting the PVDF powder raw material into an oven for drying, wherein the temperature in the oven is 60 ℃, drying for 26 hours, pouring dried PVDF powder into a dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of PVDF in the mixed solution is 13%;
(3) pouring the mixed solution into a stirring reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 65 ℃, starting a stirrer at a stirring speed of 1000r/min, stirring for 8h, automatically starting an emulsification pump for 12min, automatically starting the emulsification pump for 12min every 2h, stirring for 14h, and then closing the stirrer to obtain a spinning solution;
(4) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning operation on the spinning solution by using an electrostatic spinning machine, setting the ambient temperature of the spinning machine to be 50 ℃, the voltage generated by a high-voltage generator to be 15kV, the spinning distance to be 15cm, the inner diameter of a spinning needle head to be 0.6mm, the moving speed of a spinning nozzle to be 300r/min, the rotating speed of a receiving roller to be 10r/h, the injection speed of an injection pump to be 2ml/min and the spinning thickness to be 12 mu m, and preparing the composite nanofiber membrane taking the glass fiber as the base material.
Through detection, the fiber diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the method and taking the glass fiber as the base material is between 200 and 600nm, the thickness of the nanofiber is 12 microns, the absolute filtration precision is 6 microns, and the filtration efficiency of particles with the particle size of more than 6 microns in the air is more than 99.999%.
Example four
A method for manufacturing a composite nanofiber membrane with glass fibers as a base material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing dimethylacetamide and acetone according to the volume ratio of 7:3, and uniformly mixing the weighed dimethylacetamide and acetone to form dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution for later use;
(2) weighing a PVDF powder raw material, putting the PVDF powder raw material into an oven for drying, wherein the temperature in the oven is 60 ℃, drying for 26 hours, pouring dried PVDF powder into a dimethylacetamide-acetone mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of PVDF in the mixed solution is 13%;
(3) pouring the mixed solution into a stirring reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 65 ℃, starting a stirrer at a stirring speed of 1000r/min, stirring for 8h, automatically starting an emulsification pump for 12min, automatically starting the emulsification pump for 12min every 2h, stirring for 14h, and then closing the stirrer to obtain a spinning solution;
(4) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning operation on the spinning solution by using an electrostatic spinning machine, setting the ambient temperature of the spinning machine to be 45 ℃, the voltage generated by a high-voltage generator to be 20kV, the spinning distance to be 15cm, the inner diameter of a spinning needle head to be 0.9mm, the moving speed of a spinning nozzle to be 300r/min, the rotating speed of a receiving roller to be 10r/h, the injection speed of an injection pump to be 2ml/min and the spinning thickness to be 9 mu m, and preparing the composite nanofiber membrane taking the glass fiber as the base material.
Through detection, the fiber diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the method and taking the glass fiber as the base material is between 150-500nm, the thickness of the nanofiber is 9 microns, the absolute filtration precision is 8.6 microns, and the filtration efficiency of particles with the particle size of more than 8.6 microns in the air is more than 99.999%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (7)
1. A composite nanofiber membrane taking glass fibers as a base material is characterized in that: the composite nanofiber membrane is a double-layer structure which takes glass fibers as a supporting base material and is formed by compounding nanofiber layers on the glass fibers, wherein the nanofiber layers comprise the following components: the composite nano-fiber membrane comprises dimethylacetamide, acetone and polyvinylidene fluoride, wherein the volume ratio of dimethylacetamide to acetone is 9:1-6:4, the mass fraction of polyvinylidene fluoride is 8.5% -13%, the absolute filtration precision of the composite nano-fiber membrane is 0.45-10 μm, and the filtration efficiency is more than or equal to 99.999%;
the manufacturing method of the composite nanofiber membrane comprises the following steps:
preparing spinning solution by using ingredients: weighing dimethylacetamide and acetone according to a volume ratio of 9:1-6:4, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, placing polyvinylidene fluoride in an oven at a temperature of 60-90 ℃ for drying for 20-26h to obtain polyvinylidene fluoride dry powder, weighing polyvinylidene fluoride dry powder, adding the polyvinylidene fluoride dry powder into the mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing, transferring the mixture into a stirring reaction kettle, stirring and reacting for 8h at a temperature of 65-95 ℃, automatically starting an emulsion pump for 6-12min, then starting the emulsion pump for 6-12min every 2h of stirring and reacting, and stirring for 10-14h, and then closing the stirrer to obtain a spinning solution;
electrostatic spinning of the composite nanofiber layer: and winding the glass fiber substrate onto a winding roller in a passive winding mode, carrying out electrostatic spinning operation on the spinning solution through an electrostatic spinning machine, and compounding the spinning solution on the glass fiber substrate to form a nanofiber layer.
2. The composite nanofiber membrane based on glass fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fiber diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane is 150-800nm, and the thickness of the nanofiber layer is 15-20 μm.
3. The composite nanofiber membrane based on glass fiber as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the filtration precision of the composite nanofiber membrane reaches 0.5 mu m.
4. A method for manufacturing a composite nanofiber membrane based on glass fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the stirring speed of the reaction kettle in the step of preparing the spinning solution by the ingredients is 1000-1400 r/min.
5. The method for producing a composite nanofiber membrane based on glass fibers as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the electrostatic spinning machine comprises a machine body, wherein a spinning solution injection frame, an injection pump, an unwinding roller, a receiving roller and a winding roller are arranged in the machine body, a spinning nozzle is arranged on the spinning solution injection frame, a spinning needle head is arranged in the spinning nozzle, the spinning nozzle is communicated with the injection pump, a high-voltage electric field is arranged between the spinning nozzle and the receiving roller, the high-voltage electric field is generated by a high-voltage generator, and the high-voltage generator is arranged in the machine body; the unwinding roller is used for passively unwinding the glass fiber substrate, the receiving roller actively rotates and receives the glass fiber substrate from the unwinding roller, during spinning, the spinning solution sprayed by the spinning nozzle is sprayed on the glass fiber substrate on the receiving roller to form a nanofiber layer, and the winding roller is tangent to the receiving roller and is driven by the receiving roller to passively wind the glass fiber compounded with the nanofiber layer.
6. The method for producing a composite nanofiber membrane based on glass fibers as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the injection speed of the injection pump in the electrostatic spinning operation is 0.1-2mL/min, the ambient temperature is 45-50 ℃, and the voltage generated by the high-voltage generator is 15-25 kV.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the nanofiber membrane comprises a glass fiber as a substrate, and the method comprises: the spinning distance is 13.5-25cm, the inner diameter of the spinning needle is 0.3-0.9mm, the moving speed of the spinning nozzle is 250-300r/min, and the rotating speed of the receiving roller is 1-10 r/h.
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