CN110615935A - EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110615935A CN110615935A CN201910897183.4A CN201910897183A CN110615935A CN 110615935 A CN110615935 A CN 110615935A CN 201910897183 A CN201910897183 A CN 201910897183A CN 110615935 A CN110615935 A CN 110615935A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
- A47G27/02—Carpets; Stair runners; Bedside rugs; Foot mats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0019—Use of organic additives halogenated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0095—Mixtures of at least two compounding ingredients belonging to different one-dot groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/102—Azo-compounds
- C08J9/103—Azodicarbonamide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/104—Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof
- C08J9/105—Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/04—N2 releasing, ex azodicarbonamide or nitroso compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2491/00—Characterised by the use of oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an EVA floor mat and a preparation method thereof, wherein the EVA floor mat comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of EVA, 25-30 parts of calcium carbonate, 3.3-3.5 parts of foaming agent, 2-3 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 0.4 part of cross-linking agent, 0.8-1 part of zinc oxide, 0.4 part of stearic acid, 15-20 parts of decabromodiphenylethane and 5-10 parts of antimony trioxide. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1 banburying, S2 open mixing, S3 cooling and S4 slitting: and S5 die pressing. The product of the invention has good flame retardance and is safe. This scheme need not to coat the release agent in the mould when the mould pressing, and its whole efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of floor mat production, in particular to an EVA floor mat and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The EVA floor mat is a mat which is laid on the ground and is used for being isolated from the ground, and the upper surface of the floor mat is clean because the upper surface of the floor mat is not in contact with the ground, so that the floor mat can be used for resting, playing and the like. The floor mat is generally formed by mutually splicing and connecting a plurality of single-piece mat bodies with the same structure through tooth-shaped or arc-shaped structures on the side edges.
EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) has excellent water resistance, corrosion resistance, workability, vibration resistance and heat retaining property, and is low in cost, and thus is commonly used as a material for floor mats.
The common formula of the current EVA floor mat is disclosed in the patent with the publication number of CN104845011B, and comprises 50-90 parts of EVA, 10-20 parts of PE, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc oxide, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc stearate, 3-8 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.05-0.3 part of beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate, 0.5-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.5-3 parts of azodicarbonamide and 0.5-2 parts of a cross-linking agent.
The safety of the product is not high because the formula is lack of flame retardant.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide an EVA floor mat which has better flame retardance and safer products.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an EVA floor mat comprises the following components in parts by weight:
EVA 55-60 parts
25-30 parts of calcium carbonate
3.3 to 3.5 portions of foaming agent
Dicumyl peroxide
0.4 part of cross-linking agent
0.8 to 1 portion of zinc oxide
Stearic acid 0.4 part
15-20 parts of decabromodiphenylethane
5-10 parts of antimony trioxide.
By adopting the technical scheme, dicumyl peroxide is used as a vulcanizing agent, the vulcanizing agent and the cross-linking agent enable EVA to carry out vulcanization reaction, zinc oxide is used as a catalyst to promote the vulcanization reaction process, and the zinc oxide has the effect of supplementing strength. Stearic acid acts primarily as a heat stabilizer, helping to prevent "scorching" during processing. The calcium carbonate and the foaming agent are mainly used for generating gas to enable the EVA to foam simultaneously in the vulcanization process, and the decabromodiphenylethane and the antimony trioxide are used as flame retardants to enable the EVA floor mat to have good flame retardance.
Further, the EVA floor mat also comprises 2-4 parts of pigment, wherein the pigment is selected from carbon black.
By adopting the technical scheme, the carbon black can be used as a pigment to color the EVA floor mat, and can also be used as a foaming agent at the same time, so that the using amount of the foaming agent is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Furthermore, the EVA floor mat also comprises 0.5-1 part of zinc stearate according to the weight part.
The zinc stearate is used as a vulcanization activator to accelerate vulcanization efficiency, and is also used as a release agent, so that a product is easy to separate from a mold.
Furthermore, the EVA floor mat also comprises 0.8-1.1 parts of plant ash and 0.3-0.5 parts of castor oil according to the parts by weight.
The addition of plant ash and castor oil makes EVA ground mat surface smooth, forms the vacuum with the floor contact easily to make the difficult relative floor of EVA ground mat slide, it is safer.
Further, the foaming agent is selected from azodicarbonamide or OBSH foaming agent.
Azodicarbonyl and OBSH blowing agents are both common blowing agents.
Further, the crosslinking agent is selected from triallyl isocyanurate.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of an EVA floor mat, which has the advantage of high efficiency.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an EVA floor mat comprises the following steps: s1, banburying, namely mixing the raw materials at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ for 10-20 min;
s2, open smelting: pressing the uniformly mixed raw materials into strips;
s3, cooling: cooling the strip-shaped object to 40-45 ℃ to form the strip-shaped object;
s4, slitting: cutting the formed strip-shaped object to obtain a sheet-shaped preform;
s5, mould pressing: and (3) placing the preformed product on a mould to carry out mould pressing treatment to form the preformed product, wherein the mould pressing temperature is 170 ℃, and the mould pressing time is 15-25 min.
This scheme need not to coat the release agent in the mould when the mould pressing, and its whole efficiency is higher.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the flame-retardant EVA floor mat disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the decabromodiphenylethane and the antimony trioxide are added into the product, so that the flame retardance of the EVA floor mat is improved.
2) In the invention, plant ash and castor oil are preferably added, so that the surface roughness of the EVA floor mat is improved.
3) The method of the invention has higher production efficiency because the release agent is not required to be coated.
Detailed Description
Example 1: an EVA floor mat comprises the following components in parts by weight:
EVA 60 parts
30 portions of calcium carbonate
Foaming agent 3.5 parts
Dicumyl peroxide 2.5 parts
0.4 part of cross-linking agent
0.8 part of zinc oxide
Stearic acid 0.4 part
16 parts of decabromodiphenylethane
Antimony trioxide 7 parts
Carbon black 4 parts
0.8 portion of zinc stearate
Plant ash 0.9 part
0.5 part of castor oil
The foaming agent is azodicarbonamide; the cross-linking agent is selected from triallyl isocyanurate.
Example 2: an EVA mat differing from that of example 1 in that the blowing agent was an OBSH blowing agent.
Example 3: an EVA floor mat comprises the following components in parts by weight:
EVA 55 parts
25 portions of calcium carbonate
Foaming agent 3.3 parts
Dicumyl peroxide 2 parts
0.4 part of cross-linking agent
0.8 part of zinc oxide
Stearic acid 0.4 part
15 parts of decabromodiphenylethane
Antimony trioxide 5 parts
2 parts of carbon black
0.5 part of zinc stearate
0.8 part of plant ash
0.3 part of castor oil.
Example 4: an EVA floor mat comprises the following components in parts by weight:
EVA 60 parts
30 portions of calcium carbonate
Foaming agent 3.5 parts
Dicumyl peroxide 3 parts
0.4 part of cross-linking agent
1 part of zinc oxide
Stearic acid 0.4 part
20 parts of decabromodiphenylethane
10 portions of antimony trioxide
Carbon black 4 parts
1 part of zinc stearate
1.1 parts of plant ash
0.5 part of castor oil.
Example 5: an EVA mat, distinguished from example 1 by the absence of carbon black.
Example 6: an EVA mat, distinguished from example 1 by the absence of zinc stearate.
Example 7: an EVA mat, distinguished from example 1 by the absence of plant ash and castor oil.
Example 8: an EVA floor mat differs from example 1 in that 1.1 parts of plant ash and 0.4 parts of castor oil.
Example 9: an EVA floor mat differs from example 1 in that 1 part of plant ash and 0.5 part of castor oil are used.
Example 10: an EVA mat, distinguished from example 1 by the absence of carbon black, zinc stearate, plant ash and castor oil.
Example 11: an EVA floor mat differs from example 1 in that 1.3 parts of plant ash and 0.4 parts of castor oil.
Example 12: an EVA mat differed from example 1 in that the plant ash was 0.7 parts and the castor oil was 0.5 parts.
Example 13: an EVA floor mat differs from example 1 in that 1.2 parts of plant ash and 0.6 part of castor oil are used.
Example 14: an EVA floor mat, differing from example 1 in that 1.4 parts of plant ash, lacked castor oil.
Example 15: an EVA floor mat, distinguished from example 1 by the absence of plant ash and 1.4 parts castor oil.
Comparative example 1: an EVA mat differed from example 1 in the absence of decabromodiphenylethane and antimony trioxide.
Comparative example 2: an EVA mat differed from example 1 in the absence of decabromodiphenylethane and 20 parts of antimony trioxide.
Comparative example 3: an EVA mat differed from example 1 in the absence of antimony trioxide and 20 parts decabromodiphenylethane.
The examples and comparative examples were prepared by the following methods.
A preparation method of an EVA floor mat comprises the following steps:
s1, banburying, namely putting the raw materials into a banbury mixer for mixing, wherein the banburying temperature is 115 ℃, and the banburying time is 15 min;
s2, open smelting: putting the uniformly mixed raw materials into an open mill, pressing into strips, wherein the temperature of a front roller is 70 ℃, the temperature of a rear roller is 65 ℃, and the distance between the front roller and the rear roller is 1.5 cm;
s3, cooling: cooling the strip-shaped object to 40 ℃ by air cooling or water cooling to form the strip-shaped object;
s4, slitting: cutting the formed strip-shaped object by a cutting machine to obtain a sheet-shaped preform;
s5, mould pressing: placing the preformed product into a mould in a flat vulcanizing machine for mould pressing treatment to form the preformed product, wherein the mould pressing temperature is 170 ℃, the mould pressing time is 20min, and the pressure is 8 MPa;
s6, trimming: and (4) cutting edges of the preformed product after the die pressing by using a die cutting machine to obtain a finished product.
Performance testing test product performance test conditions were as follows: tensile property: the drawing speed was 50 mm/min according to ISO 527.
Bending property: the test speed was 2 mm/min according to ISO 178.
Thermal aging test: the prepared foam was heated in a thermostatic bath at 140 ℃ for 160 hours, left at room temperature for about 12 hours, subjected to a tensile test, and evaluated in terms of the ratio of the value after heat aging to the initial value (residual ratio); the higher the residual elongation (%) is, the better the performance is.
And (3) testing the flame retardance: the aerobic index is carried out according to ASTM D2863-77.
And (3) roughness testing: the product was prepared as a 3cmX5CmX1.5cm rectangular pellet, according to GB/T3505-09.
The aerobic indices of comparative examples 1-3 and example 1 were observed in the above table and it was found that specific levels of decabromodiphenylethane and antimony trioxide were effective in enhancing the fire retardancy of EVA mats.
Comparative example 1, examples 7-15, the addition of plant ash and castor oil simultaneously effectively increased the roughness of the EVA mat, and was the most preferred roughness in example 1.
Comparing examples 1 and 6, stearic acid had some effect on the flexural and tensile strength of the EVA mats.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An EVA floor mat is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
EVA 55-60 parts
25-30 parts of calcium carbonate
3.3 to 3.5 portions of foaming agent
2-3 parts of dicumyl peroxide
0.4 part of cross-linking agent
0.8 to 1 portion of zinc oxide
Stearic acid 0.4 part
15-20 parts of decabromodiphenylethane
5-10 parts of antimony trioxide.
2. An EVA mat as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises 2 to 4 parts of a pigment, the pigment being selected from carbon black.
3. The EVA floor mat of claim 1, further comprising 0.5-1 part by weight of zinc stearate.
4. The EVA floor mat of claim 1, further comprising 0.8-1.1 parts of plant ash and 0.3-0.5 parts of castor oil by weight.
5. An EVA mat as claimed in claim 1 in which the blowing agent is chosen from azodicarbonamide or OBSH blowing agents.
6. An EVA mat as claimed in claim 1 in which the cross-linking agent is selected from triallyl isocyanurate.
7. A method of manufacturing an EVA floor mat as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which includes the steps of: s1, banburying, namely mixing the raw materials at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ for 10-20 min;
s2, open smelting: pressing the uniformly mixed raw materials into strips;
s3, cooling: cooling the strip-shaped object to 40-45 ℃ to form the strip-shaped object;
s4, slitting: cutting the formed strip-shaped object to obtain a sheet-shaped preform;
s5, mould pressing: placing the preformed product on a mould to perform mould pressing treatment to form the preformed product, wherein the mould pressing temperature is 170 ℃, and the mould pressing time is 15-25 min;
s6, trimming: and (4) performing edge cutting treatment on the pre-formed product after the pressing is finished to obtain a finished product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910897183.4A CN110615935A (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2019-09-23 | EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910897183.4A CN110615935A (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2019-09-23 | EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110615935A true CN110615935A (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910897183.4A Pending CN110615935A (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2019-09-23 | EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112011116A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-01 | 惠州市南新橡塑制品有限公司 | EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and manufacturing process thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101255250A (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2008-09-03 | 常州市天晟塑胶化工有限公司 | Ethane-vinyl acetate copolymer hole-opening foaming profile and method for manufacturing same |
| CN103788463A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 合肥杰事杰新材料股份有限公司 | EVA foam material and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-09-23 CN CN201910897183.4A patent/CN110615935A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101255250A (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2008-09-03 | 常州市天晟塑胶化工有限公司 | Ethane-vinyl acetate copolymer hole-opening foaming profile and method for manufacturing same |
| CN103788463A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 合肥杰事杰新材料股份有限公司 | EVA foam material and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 欧育湘主编: "《阻燃塑料手册》", 31 January 2008, 国防工业出版社 * |
| 高峰 主编: "《药用高分子材料学》", 31 October 2014, 华东理工大学出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112011116A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-01 | 惠州市南新橡塑制品有限公司 | EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) floor mat and manufacturing process thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191227 |