CN110612943A - Comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms - Google Patents
Comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms Download PDFInfo
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- CN110612943A CN110612943A CN201910783728.9A CN201910783728A CN110612943A CN 110612943 A CN110612943 A CN 110612943A CN 201910783728 A CN201910783728 A CN 201910783728A CN 110612943 A CN110612943 A CN 110612943A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/04—Pteridophyta [fern allies]; Filicophyta [ferns]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/34—Rosaceae [Rose family], e.g. strawberry, hawthorn, plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms. The invention mixes and crushes a plurality of plant components according to a specific proportion, adds in bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a thermostatic water bath to prepare a green insecticide, applies the green insecticide to a beehive and a honeycomb by a spraying method and a fumigation method respectively, then takes out the honeycomb for independent sealing, freezes under the condition of sealing and no oxygen, can greatly improve the efficiency of killing the cotton worms, and greatly reduce the incidence rate of the cotton worms, the number of the cotton worms per spleen and the number of eggs per spleen. The invention combines biological control and physical control, is safe to the environment and other organisms while efficiently and high-quality controlling cotton worms, has no residual pollution, and can ensure the original ecology and quality of honey.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms.
Background
The cotton worm is also called nest worm, and is a disease and insect pest which is very easy to occur in the bee breeding. The cotton worm is larva of the wax moth of the lepidoptera snout moth family, mainly harms weak groups, has high propagation speed, has strong vitality of eggs and larva of the cotton worm, and has great harm to bee keeping. After the cotton worms are nourished, the cotton worms spin at the bottoms of the honeycombs to cocoon, tunnel tunnels are formed in the honeycombs to eat and destroy the honeycombs, so that the beewax is eaten to damage the bee larvae and the bee pupae. In the mild, the bee colony has signs of decline, which affects the honey yield and quality, and in the severe, the bees can abandon the nest and fly away. In addition to the damage to bees in the hive, cotton worms also cause destructive damage to stored combs, and most beekeepers concentrate empty combs each year for later use or use the next year, which will attract female moths of cotton worms to lay eggs there, and the hatched cotton worms will propagate in large numbers by virtue of the combs. Usually within 2-4 months, they will cause almost all of the stored combs to be discarded by decay, causing serious economic losses to the beekeeper, so that cotton worm prevention and management is not a trivial task during the bee rearing process.
Currently, there are two ways of controlling cotton worms: firstly, chemical control is carried out, and pesticides are used for removing, but most of the existing pesticides have certain residues, which can affect the quality of honey and other bee products; secondly, physical control, for example, the honeycomb is soaked in cold water or exposed to the sun, so that cotton worms are manually removed by tweezers after climbing out, the efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, and the removal is not thorough; physical methods also include freezing for killing insects, but the need for freezing for 1-2 days also causes problems of tainting of odors and generation of moisture causing the spleen to become moldy. Meanwhile, the existing control method has the limitation that only larvae on beehives and honeycombs can be killed, but eggs cannot be killed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms, which can solve the problems of pesticide residue and low efficiency in the existing control method, can greatly improve the efficiency of killing the cotton worms, has no residual pollution, efficiently and high-quality cotton worms removal and ensures the original ecology and quality of honey.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 5-10 parts of tea seed cake powder, 1-5 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 1-5 parts of dogwood powder, 1-5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1-5 parts of plantain herb powder, 1-5 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 1-5 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; mixing and crushing the cyrtomium fortunei, the tea seed cake, the Japanese ardisia, the dogwood, the loquat leaf, the plantain herb, the ginkgo leaf and the Japanese momordica flower according to the weight parts to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a constant-temperature water bath, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green insecticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5-10 times with water, spraying the green pesticide to a beehive and a honeycomb, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade place after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehive and the honeycomb for 24-36h by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycombs after the fumigation is finished, sealing each honeycomb independently, and freezing for 8-10h at-8 ℃ to-5 ℃.
Preferably, the green pesticide in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 6 parts of tea seed cake powder, 3 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 2 parts of dogwood powder, 5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1 part of plantain herb powder, 4 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 4 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar.
Further, the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is prepared by drying cyrtomium rhizome, dried tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese momordica flower at a constant temperature of 50-55 ℃, mixing and crushing.
Further, the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is crushed to 40-60 meshes.
Further, the time of leaching the mixed plant powder in the step (1) in a constant-temperature water bath after adding the bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-4 h.
Further, the temperature of the thermostatic water bath leaching after the bamboo vinegar liquid is added into the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is 60-65 ℃.
Further, in the step (2), the green insecticide is sprayed once every 2-3 days and is continuously sprayed for 3-4 times.
Further, during the fumigation in the step (3), firstly, the gaps of the hives are sealed, the dosage of the green insecticide in each hive is 20-30ml, and after the fumigation is finished, the honeycomb is taken out to be ventilated and dried.
Further, the method for sealing the honeycomb in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: placing the single honeycomb into a bag, placing the bag into water, and sealing the bag opening after exhausting air in the bag.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention mixes and crushes a plurality of plant components, and adds bamboo vinegar liquid to leach in a constant temperature water bath to prepare the green pesticide. After the plant components are extracted and chelated by the bamboo vinegar, the extract contains various volatile oil, alkaloid, organic acid and flavonoid substances, has a certain killing effect on cotton worm larvae and eggs, and has an obvious aversive effect on cotton worm adults. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical control, the green pesticide can greatly improve the efficiency of killing cotton worms, has various action mechanisms of active components, is not easy to generate drug resistance to pests, is safe to environment, is easy to degrade, has no residue and pollution, and does not influence the quality of bee products such as honey after being used.
(2) The green insecticide prepared by the invention has strong permeability to cotton worm bodies, for example, various alkaloids can act on the nervous system of cotton worms, the cotton worms can be directly killed by contact killing and systemic action, and various volatile oils and organic acid substances can influence chemoreceptors of the cotton worms, so that certain avoidance effect on the cotton worms is achieved. The green pesticide is applied to beehives and honeycombs by adopting a spraying method and a fumigating method respectively, wherein the spraying method can improve the humidity and destroy the development environment of the cotton worm larvae at the bottom of the beehive, and the spraying method has a direct killing effect on the cotton worm larvae and eggs through a contact killing effect; the fumigation method has long treatment time, can act on the overwintering larvae and eggs in the gap between the beehive body and the honeycomb through the internal absorption effect, has more thorough clearing effect, has more obvious repellent effect on adult cotton worms, and can reduce the egg laying probability of the adult cotton worms on the beehive and the honeycomb. When the green pesticide is prepared, the plant raw materials are dried and crushed at constant temperature and then are leached, so that the leaching efficiency can be obviously improved, and the leaching time is shortened.
(3) After the spraying and fumigating treatment, the honeycomb is taken out and sealed independently and then is frozen, and the cotton worm larvae and eggs hidden in the honeycomb can be further frozen to death directly. According to the invention, a single honeycomb is placed into a bag, then the bag is placed into water, the bag opening is sealed after air in the bag is discharged, so that the honeycomb is frozen under a closed anaerobic condition, the odor tainting can be prevented, the mildew caused by water vapor entering the honeycomb during freezing can be prevented, the air can be isolated, cotton worms can die under the anaerobic condition, and compared with a common freezing mode, the treatment time is shorter, and the treatment effect is better.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples are all commercially available from conventional sources.
Example 1
A comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 6 parts of tea seed cake powder, 3 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 2 parts of dogwood powder, 5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1 part of plantain herb powder, 4 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 4 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese ardisia flower at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, mixing and crushing the materials according to the weight parts to 40 meshes to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid into the mixed plant powder, leaching the mixed plant powder in a constant temperature water bath at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 4 hours, and filtering the mixed plant powder to obtain filtrate, namely the green pesticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5 times with water, spraying the beehive and the honeycomb, spraying once every 2d, continuously spraying for 3 times, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehives and the honeycomb for 24 hours by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying, sealing the gaps of the beehives when fumigating, taking out the honeycomb after fumigating, ventilating and drying, wherein the consumption of the green insecticide in each beehive is 20 ml;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycomb after the fumigation is finished, putting the single honeycomb into a bag, putting the bag into water, sealing the bag opening after air in the bag is discharged, and freezing for 8 hours at-8 ℃.
Example 2
A comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of rhizoma cyrtomii powder, 9 parts of tea seed cake powder, 1 part of ardisia japonica powder, 4 parts of dogwood powder, 2 parts of loquat leaf powder, 3 parts of plantain powder, 5 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 2 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese ardisia flower at the constant temperature of 55 ℃, mixing and crushing the materials according to the weight parts to 50 meshes to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid, leaching in a constant temperature water bath at 65 ℃ for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green pesticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 10 times with water, spraying the beehive and the honeycomb, spraying once every 2d, continuously spraying for 4 times, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehives and the honeycomb by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) for 36 hours after spraying, sealing the gaps of the beehives when fumigating, wherein the using amount of the green insecticide in each beehive is 25ml, and taking out the honeycomb after fumigating for ventilation and drying;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycomb after the fumigation is finished, putting the single honeycomb into a bag, putting the bag into water, sealing the bag opening after air in the bag is discharged, and freezing for 10 hours at the temperature of-5 ℃.
Example 3
A comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 5 parts of tea seed cake powder, 4 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 1 part of dogwood powder, 3 parts of loquat leaf powder, 5 parts of plantain herb powder, 2 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 1 part of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese ardisia flower at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, mixing and crushing the dried materials according to the weight parts to 60 meshes to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid, leaching in a constant temperature water bath at a temperature of 65 ℃ for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green pesticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5 times with water, spraying the beehive and the honeycomb, spraying once every 3 days, continuously spraying for 3 times, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehives and the honeycomb for 24 hours by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying, sealing the gaps of the beehives when fumigating, taking out the honeycomb after fumigating, ventilating and drying, wherein the consumption of the green insecticide in each beehive is 30 ml;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycomb after the fumigation is finished, putting the single honeycomb into a bag, putting the bag into water, sealing the bag opening after air in the bag is discharged, and freezing for 9 hours at-8 ℃.
Example 4
A comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 10 parts of tea seed cake powder, 5 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 3 parts of dogwood powder, 4 parts of loquat leaf powder, 2 parts of plantain herb powder, 1 part of ginkgo leaf powder, 3 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese ardisia flower at the constant temperature of 55 ℃, mixing and crushing the materials according to the weight parts to 40 meshes to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid into the mixed plant powder, leaching the mixed plant powder in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 4 hours, and filtering the mixed plant powder to obtain filtrate, namely the green pesticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 10 times with water, spraying the beehive and the honeycomb, spraying once every 3d, continuously spraying for 4 times, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehives and the honeycomb by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) for 36 hours after spraying, sealing the gaps of the beehives when fumigating, taking out the honeycomb after fumigating, ventilating and drying, wherein the consumption of the green insecticide in each beehive is 20 ml;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycomb after the fumigation is finished, putting the single honeycomb into a bag, putting the bag into water, sealing the bag opening after air in the bag is discharged, and freezing for 9 hours at the temperature of-7 ℃.
Example 5
A comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 8 parts of tea seed cake powder, 2 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 5 parts of dogwood powder, 1 part of loquat leaf powder, 4 parts of plantain herb powder, 3 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 5 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese ardisia flower at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, mixing and crushing the materials according to the weight parts to 50 meshes to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid, leaching in a constant temperature water bath at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green pesticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5 times with water, spraying the beehive and the honeycomb, spraying once every 2d, continuously spraying for 4 times, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehives and the honeycomb by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) for 36 hours after spraying, sealing the gaps of the beehives when fumigating, taking out the honeycomb after fumigating, ventilating and drying, wherein the consumption of the green insecticide in each beehive is 30 ml;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycomb after the fumigation is finished, putting the single honeycomb into a bag, putting the bag into water, sealing the bag opening after air in the bag is discharged, and freezing for 8 hours at-8 ℃.
Example 6
A comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 7 parts of tea seed cake powder, 3 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 4 parts of dogwood powder, 5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 2 parts of plantain herb powder, 1 part of ginkgo leaf powder, 3 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese ardisia flower at the constant temperature of 55 ℃, mixing and crushing the materials according to the weight parts to 60 meshes to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid into the mixed plant powder, leaching the mixed plant powder in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 65 ℃ for 2 hours, and filtering the mixed plant powder to obtain filtrate, namely the green pesticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by water by 0 time, spraying the beehive and the honeycomb, spraying once every 3 days, continuously spraying for 3 times, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehives and the honeycomb for 24 hours by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying is finished, sealing gaps of the beehives when fumigating is carried out, wherein the using amount of the green insecticide in each beehive is 25ml, and taking out the honeycomb to be ventilated and dried after fumigating is finished;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycomb after the fumigation is finished, putting the single honeycomb into a bag, putting the bag into water, sealing the bag opening after air in the bag is discharged, and freezing for 10 hours at the temperature of-5 ℃.
Comparative example 1 is a blank without any treatment.
Comparative example 2 the conventional chemical agent "nest worm clean" was used, and the nest worm was sprayed after being diluted 300 times.
Comparative example 3 the honeycomb was frozen at-8 c using a conventional direct freezing method.
Comparative example 4 is different from example 1 in that mixed plant powder is leached with water instead of bamboo vinegar to prepare an insecticide.
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that only bamboo vinegar was used as an insecticide.
Comparative example 6 is different from example 1 in that only spraying method is used for disinsection.
Comparative example 7 differs from example 1 in that only fumigation was used to kill the insects.
Comparative example 8 is different from example 1 in that only the freezing method is used for killing insects.
Incidence of cotton worms, number of worms per spleen and number of eggs per spleen were recorded for different treatments and the results are given in the following table:
TABLE 1 incidence of cotton worm under different treatments
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the incidence of cotton worms was reduced by 93.84% on average, the number of cotton worms per spleen was only 2.17 on average, the number of eggs per spleen was only 1.33 on average, and the incidence of cotton worms, the number of eggs per spleen and the number of eggs per spleen were significantly reduced compared to the control blank without any treatment in examples 1-6 using the integrated control method of the present invention.
Comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 respectively adopt a conventional chemical method and a physical method, have certain control effect on cotton worms, but the killing effect on cotton worm eggs in the comparative example 2 adopting nidulanjing is poor. Comparative example 4 the mixed plant powder is leached by water instead of bamboo vinegar solution to prepare the pesticide for application, the incidence rate of the cotton worms is obviously reduced, but the number of the cotton worms and the number of eggs per spleen are still more. The incidence of cotton worms was higher in comparative example 5 using bamboo vinegar as an insecticide. In comparative examples 6 to 8, only one method was used, and in comparative example 6, in which only the spraying method was used, the killing effect on cotton worm eggs was poor and the number of eggs per spleen was high. Comparative example 8, which used only the freezing method of the present invention, had a better effect of removing both larvae and eggs of the cotton worm than comparative example 3, which used the conventional direct freezing method.
In conclusion, the invention mixes and crushes a plurality of plant components according to a specific proportion, adds bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a constant temperature water bath to prepare the green pesticide, applies the green pesticide to the beehive and the honeycomb by a spraying method and a fumigation method respectively, then takes out the honeycomb for independent sealing, and freezes under the closed and oxygen-free condition, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of killing the cotton worms and greatly reducing the incidence rate of the cotton worms, the number of the cotton worms per spleen and the number of eggs per spleen. The invention combines biological control and physical control, is safe to the environment and other organisms while efficiently and high-quality controlling cotton worms, has no residual pollution, and can ensure the original ecology and quality of honey.
Claims (9)
1. The comprehensive control method for the honeybee cotton worms is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 5-10 parts of tea seed cake powder, 1-5 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 1-5 parts of dogwood powder, 1-5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1-5 parts of plantain herb powder, 1-5 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 1-5 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; mixing and crushing the cyrtomium fortunei, the tea seed cake, the Japanese ardisia, the dogwood, the loquat leaf, the plantain herb, the ginkgo leaf and the Japanese momordica flower according to the weight parts to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a constant-temperature water bath, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green insecticide;
(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5-10 times with water, spraying the green pesticide to a beehive and a honeycomb, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade place after spraying;
(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehive and the honeycomb for 24-36h by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying;
(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycombs after the fumigation is finished, sealing each honeycomb independently, and freezing for 8-10h at-8 ℃ to-5 ℃.
2. The method for comprehensively controlling the honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1, wherein the green insecticide in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 6 parts of tea seed cake powder, 3 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 2 parts of dogwood powder, 5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1 part of plantain herb powder, 4 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 4 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed plant powder in step (1) is prepared by drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, herba Ardisiae Japonicae, Corni fructus, folium Eriobotryae, herba plantaginis, folium Ginkgo and flos Momordicae at a constant temperature of 50-55 deg.C, mixing, and pulverizing.
4. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 3, wherein the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is pulverized to 40-60 meshes.
5. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the time for leaching in thermostatic waterbath after adding bamboo vinegar to the mixed plant powder in step (1) is 2-4 h.
6. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the thermostatic waterbath leaching of the mixed plant powder in the step (1) after the bamboo vinegar liquid is added is 60-65 ℃.
7. The method for comprehensively controlling the honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1, wherein the green insecticide is sprayed every 2 to 3 days in the step (2) for 3 to 4 times continuously.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the gaps of the hive are sealed during fumigation, the amount of the green insecticide in each hive is 20-30ml, and the honeycomb is taken out to be ventilated and dried after the fumigation is finished.
9. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1, wherein the method for sealing the hive and the spleen in the step (4) is specifically as follows: placing the single honeycomb into a bag, placing the bag into water, and sealing the bag opening after exhausting air in the bag.
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