CN110611381B - Drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor - Google Patents
Drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110611381B CN110611381B CN201910921314.8A CN201910921314A CN110611381B CN 110611381 B CN110611381 B CN 110611381B CN 201910921314 A CN201910921314 A CN 201910921314A CN 110611381 B CN110611381 B CN 110611381B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor. The motor comprises a stator disc and two rotor discs, wherein the stator disc comprises a stator core, an armature winding, an excitation winding and a magnetic conduction ring; the rotor disk comprises a rotor back yoke, a magnetic pole piece and a permanent magnet. A plurality of slots are formed in two axial end faces of the stator core, and the number of the slots on the two faces corresponds to the positions of the slots; two sides of the drum-type distributed armature winding coil are respectively embedded in two end surface slots of the stator core, and the span of the drum-type distributed armature winding coil is obtained according to the number matching of the pole slots. The field winding is arranged on the inner ring or the outer ring of the armature winding, or the inner ring and the outer ring can be simultaneously arranged, and the magnetic conduction rings are correspondingly arranged on the inner ring or the outer ring of the field winding; rotor disks are arranged on two sides of the stator disk, and the number of rotor poles is matched with the number of stator slots; the permanent magnets and the magnetic pole pieces are alternately arranged on the rotor disks, and the two rotor disks are arranged on the rotating shaft in a staggered mode by one pole. The invention has high power density, wide magnetic field adjusting range and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an axial flux permanent magnet motor technology, in particular to a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor.
Background
The Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor (HESM) is a new motor structure firstly proposed by russian scholars in the 80 th century, has two magnetic potential sources, integrates the advantages of an electric excitation and permanent magnet synchronous motor, has the advantages of easy adjustment of an air gap magnetic field, high operating efficiency and high torque density, and has important research value.
Hybrid excitation motors have been developed to date in various structural forms, and are classified into series circuit types, parallel circuit types, and parallel circuit types according to the magnetic circuit relationship between excitation sources. The magnetic potential source of the series magnetic circuit type hybrid excitation synchronous motor is formed by connecting the permanent magnet and the magnetic circuit of the excitation winding in series, can be divided into a rotor permanent magnet type and a stator permanent magnet type, and has a simple structure, but the magnetic circuit generated by the excitation current passes through the permanent magnet, so that the magnetic resistance is large, the excitation magnetic potential required for adjusting the air gap magnetic field is large, the loss is large, the electric excitation efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the permanent magnet has the risk of irreversible demagnetization; in the parallel magnetic circuit type hybrid excitation synchronous motor, an air gap flux linkage is formed by excitation current and a permanent magnet together, the magnetic circuits of the excitation current and the permanent magnet are independent, the magnetic circuit of the excitation current hardly passes through the permanent magnet, the air gap flux can be well regulated by an excitation winding only by consuming smaller power, and the risk of demagnetization of the permanent magnet is avoided; the parallel magnetic circuit type hybrid excitation motor is formed by spatially paralleling a permanent magnet motor and an electric excitation motor, and can be divided into a coupling type and a non-coupling type according to the coupling relation of magnetic circuits generated by two magnetic potential sources. The parallel magnetic circuit type hybrid excitation motor is firstly proposed by russian scholars, wherein an electric excitation part adopts a claw pole structure, so that the electric excitation magnetic circuit has an axial magnetic circuit and a radial magnetic circuit, and the electric excitation magnetic circuit and a permanent magnetic circuit are seriously coupled. In order to overcome the defects, the strictly light teaching of the university of Nanjing aerospace proposes two classic parallel hybrid excitation motor structures which are respectively a rotor excitation type and a stator excitation type, and effectively realizes decoupling on magnetic circuits of two magnetic potential sources.
The topological structure of the permanent magnet motor is mainly divided into a radial flux type, an axial flux type and a transverse flux type. The axial flux type disc motor has the characteristics superior to a radial motor, for example, when the axial flux type disc motor has a smaller length-diameter ratio, the disc motor has higher torque density, better heat dissipation and a compact structure, and in application occasions (such as the field of electric automobiles) with high requirements on axial space, the disc motor has great advantages, can continuously utilize a mature control mode in the radial flux motor, is strong in practicability and has great application value and prospect.
The combination of the hybrid excitation motor technology and the axial magnetic field motor topological structure can effectively improve the torque density of the motor, solve the speed regulation problem in a wide rotating speed range and have outstanding technical advantages in power generation and driving occasions. At present, the axial magnetic field hybrid excitation motor has already gained wide attention and deep research of various national and foreign scholars, and mainly focuses on research and engineering practice in the aspect of structural topology. British scholars e.spoonner proposed a parallel magnetomotive type hybrid excitation synchronous motor which has attracted much attention in 1989, and the rotor adopts a magnetic pole division type structure, which is called a magnetic pole division type permanent magnet (CPPM) motor. The axial magnetic field hybrid excitation motor described in a journal paper Design, analysis and control of a hybrid field-controlled axial-flux-magnet motor published by IEEE trans, ind, electron adopts the structure, an excitation winding is introduced on a stator, the magnetic regulation capability is greatly improved compared with a permanent magnet motor, however, the magnetic leakage of the excitation winding arranged in the middle of the stator is larger, the power density is required to be further improved, and meanwhile, the installation space of the excitation winding is limited to a certain extent. The dual-feed hybrid excitation axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor disclosed in patent CN200510112091 also belongs to the structural topology of the hybrid excitation motor of the type. In addition, a series of hybrid excitation flux switching axial magnetic field motors are derived from the long-term development of reluctance motors in recent years, for example, a double-H-shaped stator core, double-rotor and dual-excitation axial flux switching permanent magnet motor disclosed in patent CN201710086123 and a disc type double-stator hybrid excitation motor disclosed in patent CN201610944356 belong to the hybrid excitation flux switching axial magnetic field motors, and the hybrid excitation flux switching axial magnetic field motors have the advantages of convenience in magnetic field adjustment, simple structure and the like. However, the basic principle of this type of motor brings great challenges to the improvement of the power density and structural strength of the motor body, and the magnetic flux unipolar switching is adopted, so that the utilization rate of the iron core is low, and the torque density level of the synchronous excitation motor is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor with high power density and wide magnetic field adjusting range, which has the advantages of simple structure, small size of the winding end part and the like.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor comprises a stator disc and two rotor discs, wherein the stator disc comprises a stator iron core, an armature winding, an excitation winding and a magnetic conduction ring, and the rotor discs comprise rotor back yokes, magnetic conduction pole blocks and permanent magnets;
winding embedded wire installation grooves are formed in the two axial end faces of the stator core along the radial direction, and armature windings are installed in the stator grooves in the two end faces of the stator core in a cross-embedded mode; the armature winding is in a drum-type distribution structure, the excitation winding is arranged on the inner ring of the armature winding or the outer ring of the armature winding, or the inner ring and the outer ring of the armature winding are simultaneously arranged, the magnetic conduction ring is arranged on the inner ring of the excitation winding when arranged on the inner ring, and the magnetic conduction ring is arranged on the outer ring of the excitation winding when arranged on the outer ring;
the two rotor disks are respectively arranged on two sides of the stator disk, the permanent magnets and the magnetic pole pieces are alternately arranged on each rotor disk, the two rotor disks are arranged in a staggered mode by one pole, the magnetic pole pieces extend towards an outer ring in the radial direction and form an additional air gap of an excitation magnetic field with the magnetic ring in the axial direction.
Furthermore, the stator core is formed by winding a silicon steel sheet steel strip or by die-casting a soft magnetic composite material, a plurality of grooves are formed in the two axial end faces of the stator core along the circumferential direction, and the number, the groove type and the groove position of the grooves in the two axial end faces are the same.
Furthermore, one side of each coil of the armature winding is embedded into a face slot at one end of the stator core, the other side of each coil of the armature winding is embedded into a face slot at the other end of the stator core in a spanning mode, and the spanning distance is obtained according to the number of slots and the number of poles in a matching mode.
Furthermore, the magnetic pole blocks are made of the same material as the stator core or the magnetic ring and have magnetic permeability in the radial direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction.
Furthermore, the armature winding is a three-phase distributed winding and is of a drum-shaped structure as a whole.
Furthermore, the armature winding is in a lap winding form, two effective side spans of each winding coil are embedded into corresponding slots on two axial end faces of the stator core, and each phase of winding coil of the armature winding is connected according to the rule that the synthesized electromotive force is the largest.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the adoption of a drum-type distributed winding form is beneficial to improving winding slots, meeting and reducing axial end space, reducing motor winding loss and improving motor efficiency and power density;
(2) the parallel magnetic circuit is realized, the coupling between the permanent magnetic circuit and the electric excitation magnetic circuit is small, the magnetic adjusting effect is good, the demagnetization risk of the permanent magnet is reduced, and the excitation efficiency is improved;
(3) by adopting the axial magnetic field structure, the full rate of the slots is improved by the circular ring structure of the excitation winding, the axial length is short, and the torque density of the motor is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor with double-end excitation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an internally excited drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an externally excited drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a stator core according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the armature winding in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of an armature winding coil in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a rotor disk of a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor with double-end excitation.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a magnetically conductive pole piece structure of a rotor disk in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a permanent magnet structure of a rotor disk in the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a permanent magnet; 2-rotor back yoke; 3-a magnetic pole block; 4-a magnetic conductive ring; 5-excitation winding; 6-armature winding; 7-stator core.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor, which comprises a stator disc and two rotor discs, wherein the stator disc comprises a stator iron core 7, an armature winding 6, an excitation winding 5 and a magnetic conduction ring 4, and the rotor discs comprise a rotor back yoke 2, a magnetic conduction pole block 3 and a permanent magnet 1;
winding embedded wire installation grooves are formed in two axial end faces of the stator core 7 along the circumferential direction, and the armature windings 6 are installed in the stator grooves in the two end faces of the stator core 7 in a cross-embedded mode; the armature winding 6 is in a drum-type distribution structure, the exciting winding 5 is arranged on the inner ring of the armature winding 6 or the outer ring of the armature winding 6, or the inner ring and the outer ring of the armature winding 6 are simultaneously arranged, the magnetic conduction ring 4 is arranged on the inner ring of the exciting winding 5 when the magnetic conduction ring is arranged on the inner ring, and the magnetic conduction ring 4 is arranged on the outer ring of the exciting winding 5 when the magnetic conduction ring;
the two rotor disks are respectively arranged on two sides of the stator disk, the permanent magnets 1 and the magnetic conductive pole blocks 3 are alternately arranged on each rotor disk, the two rotor disks are arranged in a staggered mode by one pole, the magnetic conductive pole blocks 3 extend towards an outer ring in the radial direction, and an additional air gap of an excitation magnetic field is formed between the magnetic conductive pole blocks and the magnetic conductive ring 4 in the axial direction.
As a specific example, the stator core 7 is formed by winding a silicon steel sheet or by die-casting a soft magnetic composite material, and a plurality of slots are circumferentially opened on two axial end surfaces of the stator core 7, and the number, the slot type, and the slot position of the slots on the two axial end surfaces are the same.
As a specific example, one side of each coil of the armature winding 6 is embedded in a face slot at one end of the stator core 7, and the other side is embedded in a face slot at the other end of the stator core 7 in a spanning manner, and the span is obtained by matching the number of slots and the number of poles.
As a specific example, the material of the magnetic pole piece 3 is the same as that of the stator core 7 or the magnetic ring 4, and the magnetic pole piece has magnetic permeability in the radial direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction.
As a specific example, the armature winding 6 is a three-phase distributed winding, and is integrally drum-shaped, as shown in fig. 6.
As a specific example, each axial end face of the stator core 7 is provided with 60 slots, each slot has only one conductor, and the number of slot poles formed by 60/10 is matched; the armature winding 6 is in a lap winding form, two effective side spans of each winding coil are embedded into corresponding slots on two axial end faces of the stator core 7, the span is 5 slots, and each phase of winding coil of the armature winding 6 is connected according to the rule that the synthesized electromotive force is the largest.
As a specific example, in the rotor disk, the number of the rotor pole pairs is 5, and the number of the rotor pole pairs is matched with that of the stator pole pairs to form a drum type distributed winding motor structure.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Examples
With reference to fig. 1, the drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor of the present invention includes a stator disc and two rotor discs, wherein the stator disc includes a stator core 7, an armature winding 6, an excitation winding 5 and a magnetic ring 4, and the rotor discs include a rotor back yoke 2, a magnetic pole piece 3 and a permanent magnet 1.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the double-end excitation drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor is shown, wherein the armature winding 6 is mounted on a magnetic yoke of a stator core 7, the two excitation windings 5 are respectively mounted on an inner ring and an outer ring of the armature winding 6, and the two magnetic rings 4 are correspondingly mounted inside and outside the excitation windings 5;
referring to fig. 2, the drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor with internal excitation is disclosed, in which an armature winding 6 is mounted on a yoke of a stator core 7, an excitation winding 5 is mounted on an inner ring of the armature winding 6, and a magnetic ring 4 is mounted on an inner ring of the excitation winding 5;
referring to fig. 3, the drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor with external excitation is provided, wherein the armature winding 6 is mounted on a magnetic yoke of the stator core 7, the excitation winding 5 is only mounted on an outer ring of the armature winding 6, and the magnetic conductive ring 4 is mounted on an outer ring of the excitation winding 5.
With reference to fig. 4, 60 slots are uniformly formed in the two axial end faces of the stator core 7 of the stator disc along the circumferential direction, the number of the slots and the positions of the slots are the same on the left and right end faces, and the stator core 7 is formed by winding a silicon steel sheet steel strip or by die-casting a soft magnetic composite material.
With reference to fig. 5 and 6, the armature winding 6 is a three-phase distributed winding and is drum-shaped as a whole, 60 slots are formed in each axial end face of the stator core 7, each slot has a conductor, and the number of slot poles formed is 60/10; the armature winding 6 is in a lap winding form, two effective side spans of each winding coil are embedded into corresponding slots on two axial end faces of the stator core 7, the span is 5 slots, and each phase of winding coil of the armature winding 6 is connected according to the rule that the synthesized electromotive force is the largest. The three opposite potentials can be very high in sine degree, and are suitable for alternating current power generation occasions.
With reference to fig. 7-9, the two rotor disks are respectively arranged on two sides of the stator disk, the number of pairs of rotor poles is 5, and the rotor poles and the number of stator poles are matched to form a drum-type distributed winding motor structure; the permanent magnets 1 and the magnetic conductive pole blocks 3 are alternately arranged on the rotor disks, the two rotor disks are staggered with one pole and are arranged on two sides of the stator disk, wherein the magnetic conductive pole blocks 3 extend towards an outer ring in the radial direction and form an additional air gap of an excitation magnetic field with the magnetic conductive ring 4 on the stator iron core 7 in the axial direction.
Furthermore, the material used by the magnetic pole block 3 is the same as that of the stator core 7 or the magnetic ring 4, and the magnetic pole block has good magnetic permeability in the radial direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction.
In conclusion, the invention adopts a drum-type distributed winding form, reduces higher harmonics of an air gap magnetic field, reduces loss and improves the efficiency of the motor. In addition, a parallel magnetic circuit is realized, the coupling between the permanent magnetic circuit and the electric excitation magnetic circuit is small, the magnetic adjusting effect is good, the demagnetization risk of the permanent magnet is reduced, and the excitation efficiency is improved; by adopting the axial magnetic field structure, the excitation winding ring structure improves the slot filling rate, has short axial length, improves the torque density of the motor, and has wide application prospect in an electric automobile driving system, a hybrid power generation system and an aviation electric propulsion system.
Claims (6)
1. A drum-type distributed winding axial mixed excitation motor is characterized by comprising a stator disc and two rotor discs, wherein the stator disc comprises a stator core (7), an armature winding (6), an excitation winding (5) and a magnetic conduction ring (4), and the rotor discs comprise a rotor back yoke (2), a magnetic conduction pole block (3) and a permanent magnet (1);
winding embedded wire installation grooves are formed in the two axial end faces of the stator core (7) along the radial direction, and the armature winding (6) is installed in the stator grooves in the two end faces of the stator core (7) in a cross-embedded mode; the armature winding (6) is in a drum-type distribution structure, the excitation winding (5) is arranged on the inner ring of the armature winding (6) or the outer ring of the armature winding (6), or the inner ring and the outer ring of the armature winding (6) are simultaneously arranged, the magnetic conduction ring (4) is arranged on the inner ring of the excitation winding (5) when the magnetic conduction ring is arranged on the inner ring, and the magnetic conduction ring (4) is arranged on the outer ring of the excitation winding (5) when the magnetic conduction ring is arranged;
the two rotor disks are respectively arranged on two sides of the stator disk, the permanent magnets (1) and the magnetic conductive pole blocks (3) are alternately arranged on each rotor disk, the two rotor disks are arranged in a staggered mode by one pole, and the magnetic conductive pole blocks (3) extend towards an outer ring in the radial direction and form an additional air gap of an excitation magnetic field with the magnetic conductive ring (4) in the axial direction.
2. The drum-type distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein the stator core (7) is formed by winding a silicon steel sheet steel strip or by die-casting a soft magnetic composite material, a plurality of slots are circumferentially formed in two axial end faces of the stator core (7), and the number, the slot type and the slot position of the two axial end faces are the same.
3. The drum distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one side of each coil of the armature winding (6) is embedded in a face slot at one end of the stator core (7), the other side of each coil is embedded in a face slot at the other end of the stator core (7) in a spanning manner, and the span is obtained according to the number of slots and the number of poles in a matching manner.
4. The drum distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material of the magnetically conductive pole pieces (3) is the same as the stator core (7) or the magnetically conductive rings (4), and has magnetic permeability in radial, tangential and axial directions.
5. A drum distributed winding axial hybrid excitation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the armature winding (6) is a three-phase distributed winding, overall in a drum-type configuration.
6. The drum distributed winding axial hybrid excitation motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the armature winding (6) is in a lap winding form, two effective side spans of each winding coil are embedded in corresponding slots on two axial end faces of the stator core (7), and each phase of winding coils of the armature winding (6) are connected according to a rule that the resultant electromotive force is maximum.
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| CN111541319B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-30 | 南京理工大学 | Axial magnetic field hybrid excitation outer rotor hub direct-drive motor |
| CN111541324A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-14 | 南京理工大学 | Radial-axial bidirectional mixed magnetic circuit frameless permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN111934508B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Radial magnetic field coreless permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN111953161B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2023-06-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-winding axial magnetic field multiphase flywheel pulse generator system |
| CN111934461B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-layer full-pitch winding coreless linear permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN111953109B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2023-11-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-layer whole-distance winding axial magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN114825725B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-03-19 | 山东大学 | Low-cost axial permanent magnet motor and control system thereof |
| CN117394628B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-02-20 | 四川大学 | Disk type transverse magnetic flux reluctance motor |
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| US7315103B2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2008-01-01 | General Electric Company | Superconducting rotating machines with stationary field coils |
| DE102010060482B4 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2017-07-13 | Binova Gmbh | Electric pancake motor and electric bicycle or pedelec with a pancake motor |
| CN108418368B (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2023-12-29 | 山东大学 | Double-rotor hybrid excitation permanent magnet synchronous motor and method thereof |
| CN109274240B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-11-27 | 沈阳工业大学 | Composite amorphous alloy axial flux motor |
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