CN1106108A - In-situ welding method for assembling split wheels of large-scale mixed turbine - Google Patents
In-situ welding method for assembling split wheels of large-scale mixed turbine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for in-situ welding prefabricated splitblades of large mixed-flow turbine into whole split wheel is suitable for symmetrical or eccentric wheel of large turbine, and features small shrink of welded seam, no influence on assembling and welding stresses to dimension precision, high welding quality, and short construction period.
Description
The invention belongs to the water turbine welding field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of large-scale mixed turbine split runner building site assembly welding.
Francis turbine runner is made up of crown, following ring, blade (general more than 13) and upper and lower seal ring etc.The large-scale water turbine of diameter more than 5.5m be because of the restriction of the restriction that is subjected to condition or casting ability, must the distinguish fabrication and processing, and it is whole that assembled on site becomes, and its assembling mode is divided into following several form:
1) puts the rim of heating at crown and following ring place, rim cooling back is shunk crown and following hoop tight by it, weld blade then, use this kind method construction site that the complicated heating plant of one cover will be arranged, require homogeneous heating, must guarantee the crown flange when being enclosed within crown and down ring being gone up on horizontal plane and can not misplace, the integral forming technique complexity is difficult to guarantee the quality of the whole runner after the welding;
2) crown Bolt Connection, following ring is used the rim hot jacket, welds blade then, and this kind method will have the complicated heating plant of a cover equally, the quality of the whole runner after the same very difficult assurance welding;
3) runner is made loose mail, in building site assembling processing, this kind way requires the building site that complicated job shop is arranged, blade needs blocks of welding, encircles the welding that needs a section down, needs to heat-treat after being assembled into integral body, the equipment volume of heat-treating is big, so the construction period is long, has increased investment, causes waste economically.
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of welding procedure is simple, the building site assembly welding convenient, do not need the method for the large-scale mixed turbine split runner building site assembly welding that special equipment just can weld.
The concrete steps that realize this method are as follows:
1) groove of at first repairing blade and encircling down makes the blade groove be the X type, makes down the groove of ring be double-U-shaped, two lobe runners is placed on the same horizontal plane alignment weld seam;
2) then the crown of split runner is linked together with bolt, squeeze into positioning dowel fixing after, give bolt pretension stress, make bolt that certain pretension stress be arranged in yield limit, its value is given by design;
3) wedge shaped plate on integral lifting runner or the adjusting buttress, the stress that causes when discharging Bolt Connection; Shrinkage value decision with the test specimen soldering test;
5) wedge-shaped blocks is headed into down in the weld seam of ring, at the gap location welding tension plate of following ring and blade weld seam;
6) at first weld encircling down, to descend circumferential weld to be divided into some weldering sections according to the contraction situation of weld seam different parts, suitable butt welded seam carries out preheating before the weldering, after temperature meets the requirements, method in ring inboard employing segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering is down carried out back run welding to encircling down, after the back run welding, at weld seam outside back chipping, and inspection crack, pore, defectives such as slag inclusion, descend first pass (layer) welding of ring then, both sides adopt the welding procedure of segmentation room for manoeuvre symmetrical welding to weld encircling down inside and outside weld seam, monitor the recovery situation that the crown flange is recessed and the contraction situation of weld seam simultaneously, if the recessed recovery of crown flange is very fast, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is very fast, needs to increase the tension plate, reduce welding current and reduce layer thickness; If the recessed recovery of crown flange is slower, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is slower, need suitably cut off arm-tie, rising welding current and strengthen layer thickness; The intact one deck of every weldering will hang down and hit weld seam and eliminate stress, thoroughly scavenging port, splash, overlap and lime-ash, must carry out simultaneously under crown flanged surface valley and weld seam transverse shrinkage value and measure and perform record, each layer all carries out said process until the end layer repeatedly by certain welding sequence later on, valley is fixed in the scope greater than 0.1mm/m under this moment crown flange, and postwelding is heat-treated immediately;
7) blade is welded, contraction situation according to weld seam is divided into plurality of sections with the blade weld seam, suitably blade is carried out preheating, after temperature meets the requirements, side at blade is carried out back run welding with the method for segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering from top to bottom to blade, opposite side at blade after the back run welding carries out back chipping, carry out the first pass welding of blade then, carry out segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering according to the length of blade from top to bottom, need to monitor the recovery situation that the crown flanged surface is recessed and the contraction situation of weld seam simultaneously, if the recessed recovery of crown flange is very fast, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is very fast, needs to increase the tension plate and reduces welding current; If the recessed recovery of crown flange is slower, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is slower, need suitably cut off the tension plate and the welding current that raises; Carry out said process repeatedly until the end layer by certain welding sequence, valley is fixed in the scope of 0～0.07mm/m under the crown flanged surface at this moment.
The following valley of crown flange is 0.2～0.3mm/m before the welding, and it is 5 ± 1mm that following ring backs down the gap.The contraction deformation control of following ring and blade is that tension plate quantity is 3～4 by adjustment tension plate, wedge-shaped blocks and welding current.
This invention has the following advantages:
1) allows producer because the restriction of railway transport condition divides two lobe manufacturing with rotary wheel of water turbine;
2) can weld the rotary wheel of water turbine of large-scale symmetrical distinguish or eccentric distinguish, weld shrinkage is little during welding, has overcome the asymmetric erection stress of eccentric split runner of odd-numbered blade and the influence to the runner dimensional accuracy that welding stress causes;
3) welding quality height, the requirement of the GB8564-88 that can be up to state standards " hydraulic generator unit mounting technique standard ";
4) construction period weak point, construction equipment is simple, is a kind of comparatively ideal split runner assembly welding method.
Embodiments of the invention are respectively schemed referring to following:
Fig. 1 is the plan view of the eccentric split runner of the present invention, and the blade number is 17;
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1---A is to view;
Fig. 3 is the plan view of the eccentric split runner of the present invention, and the blade number is 13;
Fig. 4 is that the B of Fig. 3---B is to view;
Fig. 5 is for measuring the measurement view of valley under the eccentric runner crown flange with Straight Steel Ruler;
Fig. 6 is that the C of Fig. 5---C is to view;
Fig. 7 is for ring place tension plate and top opening are adorned weldering figure down;
Fig. 8 is that the D of Fig. 7---D is to view;
Fig. 9 is for heading into the schematic representation behind the wedge-shaped blocks in down welding of ring tension plate and the gap;
Figure 10 is that boxing connects deformation measurement measuring point distribution map down;
Figure 11 is a blade welding deformation measuring point dimensioned drawing;
Figure 12,13 is following bad welding procedure figure;
Figure 14 is a double-U groove;
Figure 15 is a double V groove;
Figure 16 is following boxing after-baking curve;
Among the figure:
1---big lobe runner 2---valvula runner 3---integrated positioning bolt
4---assembling bolt 5---positioning dowel 6---crowns
7---blade 8---following ring 9---Straight Steel Rulers
10---tension plate 11---riser 12---gussets
13---jack 14---wedge-shaped blocks
A1, A1 ', A2, A2 ', A3, A3 ' are for encircling measuring point down, and a, b are the measuring point of valley under the crown flange
Embodiment one:
Single-machine capacity is 30.25 ten thousand kilowatts a hydraulic generator unit, about 59 meters at head, 8 meters of runner nominal diameters, 8.6 meters of maximum diameters, high 5.19 meters, weigh 286 tons, totally 13 blades (as shown in Figure 3), runner adopts eccentric distinguish cast-weld construction, eccentricity value is 160mm, and crown uses the ZG0Gr13Ni5Mo stainless steel material to cast with the casting of ZG20MnSi material, following ring and blade, closing, following ring and divided blade weld the split runner crown on-site with 8 M175mm king-bolts.
1. runner combination
1) at first cleans flange, bolt, pin, bolt hole and the pin hole of runner, remove greasy dirt, burr etc., coat lubricant oil for attachment bolt and positioning dowel, to ring down and the blade both sides are double-U-shaped and X type groove is seen metallic lustre with grinder buffing;
2) put 6 buttresses on same horizontal plane, respectively put a pair of wedge shaped plate on buttress, require highly unanimity, above two lobe runners were placed on reposefully, should notice that runner joint close face must not collide this moment;
3) assembling bolt, integrated positioning bolt and pin are packed into, give bolt pretension stress by the design setting value, make bolt evenly stressed, the pretension stress of each bolt should be consistent;
4) its crown joint close gap, runner combination back can not be passed through with the inspection of 0.05mm clearance gauge; Local gap is not more than 0.1mm, and its clearance gauge degree of depth should be no more than 20% of combinating face girth less than the length between 1/3rd, two measuring points of combinating face respective thickness;
5) but if the on-the-spot integral lifting runner or regulate the wedge shaped plate of buttress of having ready conditions, the stress that causes when discharging Bolt Connection makes runner recover reset condition, the combinated seam place grinds one's teeth and is no more than 0.05mm, the crown flange is suitable for reading
2. boxing connects under the runner
1) under encircle the combinated seam two ends and respectively weld two risers (as Fig. 7), prop up centre with 50～100 tons jack at two risers, inside and outsidely in the weld seam both sides respectively stamp symmetrical mark (see figure 10), distance between two marks is L, to descend circumferential weld to back down clearance delta L=5.5mm, and weld 3 blocks of tension plates then and fix, two in the outside, inboard one, respectively squeeze into a wedge-shaped blocks in the upper and lower of weld seam; To descend ring to be divided into seven sections, from top to bottom first section 350mm, second section 250mm, the 3rd section 350mm, the 4th section～the 6th section 300mm, the 7th section 250mm;
2) carry out local preheating in the 500mm scope of groove both sides, remove heater when temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the 300mm of groove both sides, welding temperature must not be lower than 150 ℃, and dry good welding rod should be stored in the heat-preservation cylinder more than 70 ℃;
3) the rapid transverse shrinkage of measuring runner behind the dismounting heater, the following valley of crown flanged surface, this moment, valley should be in δ a=δ b=0.2mm/m scope down, at first carry out back run welding, welding rod with the good Austria 237 φ 4mm of drying, welding current is controlled in 115～135A scope, adopt the method for segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering to carry out, weld in following cyclization seam inboard by two welders, a welder regresses from top to bottom and welds preceding four sections, welder is since the 5th section three sections of the postwelding of regressing, two welders carry out simultaneously, after back run welding is finished at outside electricity consumption arc gouge and angle grinding machine back chipping, use dye penetration inspection, then at the welding rod (when instantly ring material for ZG20MnSi adopt T507 φ 4mm welding rod) of each welder of the following interior outside of encircling with LSE-821 φ 4mm, adopt identical electric current, weldering speed and direction are welded first layer (seeing Figure 14), two welders use the method for the weldering that regresses from following the 6th section of encircling, the 7th section begins weldering, and then be soldered to the 5th section from first section room for manoeuvre simultaneously, for avoiding to arc, behind the starting the arc 10～30mm of one side elder generation, opposite side recurrence arc-welding.Welding current is 120～150A, suitably adjust welding current according to the distortion situation, be the control interpass temperature, requirement is put into several classes and is worked continuously, carry out repeatedly until layer 6 simultaneously in the interior outside, begin to regress from top to bottom from layer 7 and be welded to end layer, capping from the bottom to top at last, layer thickness is 3～5mm, weld width is not more than 15mm, each layer joint 20～40mm that should stagger, welding bead of every weldering, with pneumatic shovel hammering weld seam, thoroughly cleaning splash, overlap and slag inclusion, use lens examination, weld seam does not allow defectives such as crackle, pore, slag inclusion.
Welding contracted quantity mainly is created in preceding 4～6 layers, and therefore, every weldering one deck carries out complete detection one time,
Welding contracted quantity mainly is created in preceding 4～6 layers, and therefore, every weldering one deck carries out complete detection one time, and performs record, in time adjusts the inside and outside welding sequence of circumferential weld, layer thickness and welding current down according to the distortion situation simultaneously, with the control welding deformation.
In boxing connects down, should be according to the size of valley under the crown flanged surface, the contraction situation of weld seam different parts, and the factors such as contraction of weld seam judge after the cooling, correctly prescind the tension plate and the wedge-shaped blocks at each position in time, generally begin to cut off successively after welding four, five layers.
Adopt hammering to eliminate stress from the second layer, till face of weld is got even pit.
4) ring heat treatment down
Following boxing is heat-treated after connecing and finishing immediately, burn-on several little hooks or other bump with the colligation heater at down circumferential weld both sides and end face according to the heating tape size, the size of heating tape generally is 4～7 times of following ring thickness, according to heater size, power is divided into some groups, thermocouple is installed in both sides inside and outside following circumferential weld, to detect heating-up temperature, thermocouple, heater is incubated after arranging, heat (seeing Figure 16) according to heating curve then, the longitudinal axis is the temperature coordinate, transverse axis is a time coordinate, and the temperature during heat treatment around the runner is not less than 20 degree.
3. the welding of blade
1) the blade weld seam is divided into A side, B side, every side weld is divided into five sections from top to bottom, stamp corresponding measuring point, distance between first pair of measuring point of A side and the blade tip is the 800mm radian, distance between the second pair of measuring point and the first pair of measuring point is the 750mm radian, distance between the 3rd pair of measuring point and the second pair of measuring point is the 900mm radian, and the distance between the 4th pair of measuring point and the 3rd pair of measuring point is the 800mm radian, and the distance between the blade bottom and the 4th pair of measuring point is the 800mm radian; Distance between first pair of measuring point of B side and the blade tip is 800 radians, distance between the second pair of measuring point and the first pair of measuring point is the 750mm radian, distance between the 3rd pair of measuring point and the 3rd pair of measuring point is the 800mm radian, distance between the 4th pair of measuring point and the 3rd pair of measuring point is the 1000mm radian, distance between the blade bottom and the 4th pair of measuring point is the 1000mm radian, before the welding blade being preheating to 80～100 spends, the blade mismatch is not more than 3mm, pass through template, jack is adjusted, at 3～4 arm-ties of face bonding, use 237 φ 4mm welding rods difficult to understand then, every 500mm joint welding one segment length 30～50mm, thickness 6～8mm;
2) carry out back run welding, with 237 φ 4mm welding rods difficult to understand, segmentation from top to bottom regresses and welds every section 300～400mm; Welding current 110～120A; Use air-arc cutting and angle grinding machine back chipping overleaf; Carry out dye penetrant inspection;
3) behind the back chipping with the welding of LSE-821 φ 4mm welding rod, each blade by two welders from top to bottom symmetry weld, four welders weld the intact hammering of two every welderings of blade once simultaneously, welding current 140～170A welds thick 3～4mm;
4) welding deformation is controlled, is monitored with ring is the same down, need control the following valley of crown flanged surface equally, and the following valley of crown flanged surface was controlled at 0～0.07mm/m after the blade welding was finished.
Embodiment two:
Single-machine capacity is 320,000 kilowatts a hydraulic generator unit, about 120 meters at head, 6 meters of nominal diameters, 6.6 meters of maximum diameters, high 3.06 meters, weigh 145 tons, totally 17 blades (as shown in Figure 1), runner adopts eccentric distinguish cast-weld construction, eccentricity value 250mm, and crown is cast with the ZG20MnSi material, following ring is the casting of 20MnSi material, closing, following ring and divided blade weld blade on-site with 8 M175mm king-bolts with ZG0r13Ni5Mo stainless steel material casting, split runner.Following boxing connects technology referring to Figure 15, to descend ring to be divided into five sections, at first carry out back run welding, welding rod with the good Austria 237 φ 4mm of drying, welding current is controlled in 115～135A scope, adopt the method for segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering to carry out, carry out back cover by the welder weldering that regresses from top to bottom in following cyclization seam inboard, after back run welding is finished at outside electricity consumption arc gouge and angle grinding machine back chipping, use dye penetration inspection, each welder adopts identical electric current with the welding rod of T507 φ 4mm in the interior outside of encircling down then, weldering speed and direction are welded first layer, and two welders begin to weld from the 5th section of encircling down with the method for the weldering that regresses, and then be soldered to the 4th section from first section room for manoeuvre simultaneously, for avoiding to arc, behind the starting the arc 10～30mm of side elder generation, opposite side recurrence arc-welding.Welding current is 120～150A, suitably adjust welding current according to the distortion situation, be the control interpass temperature, requirement is put into several classes and is worked continuously, carry out repeatedly until the 15 layer simultaneously in the interior outside, since the 15 layer since down the inhomogeneous back thickness weldering section of ring reduce gradually until the end layer, capping from the bottom to top at last, other monitoring method is with embodiment one.
Claims (5)
1. the method for large-scale mixed turbine split runner building site assembly welding, realize that the concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1) groove of at first repairing blade and encircling down makes the blade groove be the X type, makes down the groove of ring be double-U-shaped, two lobe runners is placed on the same horizontal plane alignment weld seam;
2) then the crown of split runner is linked together with bolt, squeeze into positioning dowel fixing after, give bolt pretension stress, make bolt that certain pretension stress be arranged in yield limit, its value is given by design;
3) wedge shaped plate on integral lifting runner or the adjusting buttress, the stress that causes when discharging Bolt Connection;
4) with jack the following ring of two lobe runners is backed down and form a gap, its value is by shrinkage value decision of the following valley and the test specimen soldering test of crown flange;
5) wedge-shaped blocks is headed into down in the weld seam of ring, at the gap location welding tension plate of following ring and blade weld seam;
6) at first weld encircling down, to descend circumferential weld to be divided into some weldering sections according to the contraction situation of weld seam different parts, suitable butt welded seam carries out preheating before the weldering, after temperature meets the requirements, method in ring inboard employing segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering is down carried out back run welding to encircling down, after the back run welding, at weld seam outside back chipping, and inspection crack, pore, defectives such as slag inclusion, descend first pass (layer) welding of ring then, both sides adopt the welding procedure of segmentation room for manoeuvre symmetrical welding to weld encircling down inside and outside weld seam, monitor the recovery situation that the crown flange is recessed and the contraction situation of weld seam simultaneously, if the recessed recovery of crown flange is very fast, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is very fast, needs to increase the tension plate, reduce welding current and reduce layer thickness; If the recessed recovery of crown flange is slower, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is slower, need suitably cut off tension plate, rising welding current and strengthen layer thickness; The intact one deck of every weldering will hang down and hit weld seam and eliminate stress, thoroughly scavenging port, splash, overlap and lime-ash, must carry out simultaneously under crown flanged surface valley and weld seam transverse shrinkage value and measure and perform record, each layer all carries out said process until the end layer repeatedly by certain welding sequence later on, valley is fixed in the scope greater than 0.1mm/m under this moment crown flange, and postwelding is heat-treated immediately;
7) blade is welded, contraction situation according to weld seam is divided into plurality of sections with the blade weld seam, suitably blade is carried out preheating, after temperature meets the requirements, side at blade is carried out back run welding with the method for segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering from top to bottom to blade, opposite side at blade after the back run welding carries out back chipping, carry out the first pass welding of blade then, carry out segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering according to the length of blade from top to bottom, need to monitor the recovery situation that the crown flanged surface is recessed and the contraction situation of weld seam simultaneously, if the recessed recovery of crown flange is very fast, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is very fast, needs to increase the tension plate and reduces welding current; If the recessed recovery of crown flange is slower, what this moment, weld seam also shrank is slower, need suitably cut off the tension plate and the welding current that raises; Carry out said process repeatedly until the end layer by certain welding sequence, valley is fixed in the scope of 0～0.07mm/m under the crown flanged surface at this moment.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the welding procedure of ring is as follows down:
At first will descend ring to be divided into seven sections and carry out back run welding, welding current is controlled in 115～135A scope, adopt the method for segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering to carry out, weld in following cyclization seam inboard by two welders, a welder regresses from top to bottom and welds preceding four sections, welder is since the 5th section three sections of the postwelding of regressing, two welders carry out simultaneously, after back run welding is finished at outside back chipping and carry out defect detecting test, adopt identical electric current each welder of the interior outside of encircling down then, weldering speed and direction welding first layer, two welders use the method for the weldering that regresses from following the 6th section of encircling, the 7th section begins weldering, and then be soldered to the 5th section from first section room for manoeuvre simultaneously, for avoiding to arc, behind the starting the arc 10～30mm of one side elder generation, opposite side recurrence arc-welding, welding current is 120～150A, suitably adjust welding current according to the distortion situation, be the control interpass temperature, requirement is put into several classes and is worked continuously, carry out repeatedly until layer 6 simultaneously in the interior outside, begin to regress from top to bottom from layer 7 and be welded to end layer, capping from the bottom to top at last, each layer joint 20～40mm that should stagger, welding bead of every weldering, with pneumatic shovel hammering weld seam, thoroughly cleaning is splashed, overlap and slag inclusion, crackle with the lens examination weld seam, pore, defectives such as slag inclusion, every weldering one deck carries out complete detection one time, and performs record, simultaneously according in the circumferential weld under the adjustment in time of distortion situation, the external welding order, layer thickness and welding current, with the control welding deformation, in boxing connects down, should be according to the size of valley under the crown flanged surface, the contraction situation of weld seam different parts, and the factors such as contraction of cooling back weld seam judge correct tension plate and the wedge-shaped blocks that prescinds each position in time.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the welding procedure of ring is as follows down:
At first will descend ring to be divided into five sections and carry out back run welding, welding current is controlled in 115～135A scope, adopt the method for segmentation room for manoeuvre weldering to carry out, by the welder weldering that regresses from top to bottom in following cyclization seam inboard, after back run welding is finished at outside back chipping and carry out defect detecting test, adopt identical electric current each welder of the interior outside of encircling down then, weldering speed and direction welding first layer, two welders begin weldering with the method for the weldering that regresses from the 5th section of ring down, and then be soldered to the 4th section from first section room for manoeuvre simultaneously, for avoiding to arc, behind the starting the arc 10～30mm of one side elder generation, opposite side recurrence arc-welding, welding current is 120～150A, suitably adjusts welding current according to the distortion situation, be the control interpass temperature, requiring puts into several classes works continuously; Carry out repeatedly until the 15 layer simultaneously in the interior outside, reduce gradually since the 15 layer of weldering section, capping from the bottom to top at last, each layer joint 20～40mm that should stagger, welding bead of every weldering, with pneumatic shovel hammering weld seam, thoroughly cleaning is splashed, overlap and slag inclusion, crackle with the lens examination weld seam, pore, defectives such as slag inclusion, every weldering one deck carries out complete detection one time, and performs record, simultaneously according in the circumferential weld under the adjustment in time of distortion situation, the external welding order, layer thickness and welding current, with the control welding deformation, in boxing connects down, should be according to the size of valley under the crown flanged surface, the contraction situation of weld seam different parts, and the factors such as contraction of cooling back weld seam judge correct tension plate and the wedge-shaped blocks that prescinds each position in time.
4. method according to claim 1, the following valley of crown flange is controlled at 0.2～0.3mm/m before it is characterized in that welding, and it is 5 ± 1mm that following ring backs down the gap.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that encircling down and the contraction deformation control of blade is that tension plate quantity is 3～4 by adjustment arm-tie, wedge-shaped blocks and welding current.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94108037A CN1073487C (en) | 1994-08-05 | 1994-08-05 | In-situ welding method for assembling split wheels of large-scale mixed turbine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94108037A CN1073487C (en) | 1994-08-05 | 1994-08-05 | In-situ welding method for assembling split wheels of large-scale mixed turbine |
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| CN1106108A true CN1106108A (en) | 1995-08-02 |
| CN1073487C CN1073487C (en) | 2001-10-24 |
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| CN94108037A Expired - Fee Related CN1073487C (en) | 1994-08-05 | 1994-08-05 | In-situ welding method for assembling split wheels of large-scale mixed turbine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4012170A (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1977-03-15 | Allis-Chalmers Corporation | Fabricated crown plate for Francis-type hydraulic turbine runner |
| JPH0772530B2 (en) * | 1988-11-22 | 1995-08-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Water turbine runner manufacturing method |
| CN2069501U (en) * | 1990-04-29 | 1991-01-16 | 重庆钢都机修厂 | Vane wheel for big centrifugal blower |
| CN2172352Y (en) * | 1993-07-25 | 1994-07-20 | 黄国宏 | Hydrautic turbine revolving wheel with 2 impellers |
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