CN110608865A - Wind tunnel miniature measuring system - Google Patents
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind tunnel micro-measuring system, comprising: the electric interface module comprises a front panel and a rear panel, wherein the front panel is provided with an analog voltage signal input terminal, the rear panel is provided with a power input interface, a trigger interface and a network interface, and the front panel is connected with a gain control module; a low-pass filtering module arranged at the rear end of the gain control module; the scanning acquisition module is connected with the low-pass filtering module through a synchronous acquisition switch; the main control module is connected with the scanning acquisition module and comprises a firmware module and a driving module; and the LAN bus interface module is connected with the output end of the main control module. The wind tunnel micro-measuring system has the advantages that the transmission line is shortened, the signal attenuation is reduced, and the anti-interference capability is improved; the system supports various buses and storage interfaces, can perform wired and wireless data transmission, and has the advantages of off-line data storage, on-line data processing and analysis and diagnosis functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace aerodynamic wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a wind tunnel miniature measuring system.
Background
The wind tunnel is a tubular test device for generating controllable uniform airflow and is used for simulating aerodynamic phenomena of an aircraft under the conditions of different flight heights and speeds. The wind tunnel measuring system is used for collecting sensor signals of pressure, temperature, force, moment and the like, consists of signal conditioning and data collecting equipment and has the functions of filtering, amplifying and analog-digital conversion. Because the internal environment of the wind tunnel is complex, the wind tunnel measurement system is generally installed outside the wind tunnel, and the model balance and various sensors distributed on each section of the wind tunnel need to input signals into the measurement system through twisted shielding wires. For a large wind tunnel with scattered sensor measuring points, signal attenuation can be caused by long-distance signal transmission; meanwhile, as more wind tunnel field high-power motor driving devices are arranged, the wind tunnel field high-power motor driving devices are easily subjected to space electromagnetic interference in the transmission process of small signals output by the balance, and the space electromagnetic interference can affect the measurement precision. The prior wind tunnel measuring system is not suitable for application occasions where signal lines cannot be arranged, such as rotary test pieces in a gas compressor and a rotary cascade and sensor signal acquisition on a helicopter rotor.
In order to solve the problems faced by the centralized wind tunnel measurement system, a distributed miniature measurement system needs to be developed, which comprises the amplification, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion functions of the conventional measurement system, has key performance indexes equivalent to those of the conventional measurement system of the wind tunnel, has certain data online processing and analysis capability, is compatible with wireless data transmission, and has certain protection and shockproof levels. The measuring points of various sensors are reasonably divided, so that the measuring points are concentrated to different micro measuring systems, each micro measuring system is networked through the Ethernet, and synchronous acquisition among different systems is realized through an IEEE1588 protocol, so that the system can be arranged in a model supporting mechanism or a model and used for balance signal acquisition, and a test piece is rotated and other occasions needing high impact and strong vibration.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a wind tunnel micrometric system comprising:
the electric interface module comprises a front panel and a rear panel which are oppositely arranged, wherein an analog voltage signal input terminal with current and voltage overload protection functions is arranged on the front panel, a power input interface, a trigger interface and a network interface are sequentially arranged on the rear panel, and the power input interface is connected with a voltage module for supplying power to the whole measuring system;
the gain control module is arranged at the rear end of the front panel, and the input end of the gain control module is connected with the output end of an analog voltage signal input terminal on the front panel;
the low-pass filtering module is used for filtering high-frequency noise and aliasing signals and is arranged at the rear end of the gain control module, and the input end of the low-pass filtering module is connected with the output end of the gain control module;
the synchronous acquisition switch is arranged at the rear end of the low-pass filtering module and is connected with the low-pass filtering module;
the scanning acquisition module is positioned at the rear end of the synchronous acquisition switch, and the input end of the scanning acquisition module is connected with the synchronous acquisition switch;
the main control module is arranged between the scanning acquisition module and the rear panel, the main control module comprises a firmware module and a driving module, the input end of the main control module is connected with the output end of the scanning acquisition module and a trigger signal interface positioned on the rear panel, and the main control module is connected with a program data memory and a cache;
and the LAN bus interface module is connected with the main control module and is connected with a network interface positioned on the rear panel.
Preferably, the firmware module comprises an FPGA logic portion and an ARM program portion, wherein,
the FPGA logic part comprises:
a clock control module capable of receiving a clock signal;
the PL-PS interface module is connected with the clock control module;
the global clock and reset generation module is connected with the PL-PS interface module and can receive signals sent by the PL-PS interface module;
the trigger and clock processing module is connected with the global clock and reset generation module, can receive the clock and reset signals sent by the global clock and reset generation module, and is connected with a trigger interface for transmitting external trigger signals;
the A/D data acquisition module reads the sampling data of the A/D chip in real time and is connected with the scanning acquisition module;
the A/D data correction module is used for finishing data correction processing and writing data into a cache and is positioned at the rear end of the A/D data acquisition module, the rear end of the A/D data correction module is connected with an A/D data read-write controller, the A/D data read-write controller is connected with a PL-PS interface module, and the A/D data correction module is communicated with the trigger and clock processing module and can receive and transmit signals;
the ARM program part comprises:
and the programmable data processing and analyzing module is connected with the PL-PS interface module through the GP and the HP bus, and the data processing and analyzing module is connected with the program data memory and the cache.
Preferably, the scan acquisition module is a high sample rate single a/D converter that converts analog signals to digital signals.
Preferably, 16 analog channels are provided on the analog voltage signal input terminal.
Preferably, the gain control module, the low-pass filtering module and the synchronous acquisition switch are the same in number and are connected independently in a one-to-one opposite mode.
Preferably, the gain control module is an amplifier gain module with a high common mode rejection ratio.
Preferably, the low-pass filter module is an active second-order butterworth low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1 Hz.
Preferably, the gain control module is a gain control module with 4 levels of amplification factors which are independently set, the standard signal source is used for calibration, the calibration coefficient is obtained by polynomial fitting, the calibration coefficient under different amplification factors of each channel is respectively calculated and then written into the A/D data correction module, online correction of data is realized, and the measurement precision is ensured; the calibration method is according to GJB5224-2004 wind tunnel measurement system design and verification criteria.
Preferably, the analog signals sequentially enter the scanning acquisition module for acquisition through switching of the synchronous acquisition switch.
Preferably, the LAN bus interface module adopts Ethernet as a transmission bus, is accessed to a wind tunnel measurement and control network to realize remote transmission of data, and simultaneously realizes synchronization among miniature measurement systems based on an IEEE1588 protocol; and a wireless module can be added on the basis of the LAN bus interface module to realize wireless transmission of data.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. through the mutual cooperation of all modules, the system can realize voltage signal amplification, low-pass filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, data processing and analysis functions, and can meet the voltage signal acquisition requirements of wind tunnel balances and various sensors.
2. The system adopts a miniaturized and shockproof design, can be installed in a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism or a model, greatly reduces the distance of a simulation signal transmission line, reduces signal attenuation and improves the anti-interference capability.
3. The system supports various buses and storage interfaces, and can realize wired and wireless data transmission and realize data offline storage according to different application scenes; meanwhile, the system has the programmable characteristic, and can realize the functions of online processing, analysis and diagnosis of collected data according to application requirements.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a measurement system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a measurement system firmware module provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a pin definition diagram of the analog voltage signal input terminal of the front panel according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the amplitude and frequency of the low pass filter in the measurement system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the A/D converter scanning of the measurement system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a sample clock routing provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the common-ground differential analog input signals to be tested according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the common-ground single-ended analog input signal to be tested according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the floating differential analog input signals to be measured (with signal ground) according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the floating-ground differential analog input signal to be tested (no signal ground) according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
1-10, a wind tunnel micrometric system comprising:
the electric interface module comprises a front panel and a rear panel which are oppositely arranged, wherein an analog voltage signal input terminal with current and voltage overload protection functions is arranged on the front panel, a power input interface, a trigger interface and a network interface are sequentially arranged on the rear panel, and the power input interface is connected with a voltage module for supplying power to the whole measuring system;
the gain control module is arranged at the rear end of the front panel, and the input end of the gain control module is connected with the output end of an analog voltage signal input terminal on the front panel;
the low-pass filtering module is used for filtering high-frequency noise and aliasing signals and is arranged at the rear end of the gain control module, and the input end of the low-pass filtering module is connected with the output end of the gain control module;
the synchronous acquisition switch is arranged at the rear end of the low-pass filtering module and is connected with the low-pass filtering module;
the scanning acquisition module is positioned at the rear end of the synchronous acquisition switch, and the input end of the scanning acquisition module is connected with the synchronous acquisition switch;
the main control module is arranged between the scanning acquisition module and the rear panel, the main control module comprises a firmware module and a driving module, the input end of the main control module is connected with the output end of the scanning acquisition module and a trigger signal interface positioned on the rear panel, and the main control module is connected with a program data memory and a cache;
and the LAN bus interface module is connected with the main control module and is connected with a network interface positioned on the rear panel.
In the technical scheme, an input signal enters through an analog voltage signal input terminal, the amplification of the signal is realized through a gain control module, the amplified analog signal contains certain noise and aliasing signals, at the moment, the amplified analog signal passes through a low-pass filtering module to remove the noise and the aliasing signals, the processed analog signal circularly enters an A/D converter to be acquired under the action of a synchronous acquisition switch, analog/digital conversion is carried out, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal, then, the digital signal enters a main control module, a firmware module in the main control module carries out correction processing on the signal, caching and storage, and when a data reading command is received, the cached data is uploaded. In the process, the driving module ensures the working stability and compatibility of the measurement system, and the driving program interface is a vi function library in a LabVIEW programming environment and comprises modules for self-checking, connection, acquisition, fault processing and the like. The self-checking module comprises power-on self-checking, system self-checking, detection result reading and state query; the connection module comprises connection, synchronous test and disconnection; the acquisition module comprises acquisition initialization, single acquisition, finite point acquisition, continuous acquisition start, continuous acquisition stop, memory data reading and memory data emptying; the fault processing module comprises restart, exception handling and the like; the LAN bus interface module is used for wire transmission, so that synchronous data transmission of different measurement systems can be realized; the trigger interface connected with the main control module ensures the time sequence synchronization among different systems; in the whole process, the power module provides power for each module of the whole system, and the normal operation of the system is ensured.
In the above technical solution, the firmware module includes an FPGA logic Part (PL) and an ARM program Part (PS), wherein,
the FPGA logic Part (PL) includes:
a clock control module capable of receiving a clock signal;
the PL-PS interface module is connected with the clock control module;
the global clock and reset generation module is connected with the PL-PS interface module and can receive signals sent by the PL-PS interface module;
the trigger and clock processing module is connected with the global clock and reset generation module, can receive the clock and reset signals sent by the global clock and reset generation module, and is connected with a trigger interface for transmitting external trigger signals;
the A/D data acquisition module reads the sampling data of the A/D chip in real time and is connected with the scanning acquisition module;
the A/D data correction module is used for finishing data correction processing and writing data into a cache and is positioned at the rear end of the A/D data acquisition module, the rear end of the A/D data correction module is connected with an A/D data read-write controller, the A/D data read-write controller is connected with a PL-PS interface module, and the A/D data correction module is communicated with the trigger and clock processing module and can receive and transmit signals;
the ARM program Part (PS) includes:
and the programmable data processing and analyzing module is connected with the PL-PS interface module through the GP and the HP bus, and the data processing and analyzing module is connected with the program data memory and the cache.
In this way, the global clock and reset generation module generates the clock frequency required by each module and the synchronous reset signal of the corresponding frequency; the PL-PS interface module is used for realizing register read-write and DMA data read-write of the PL interface by the PS; the clock control module generates a high-resolution clock frequency and takes the clock frequency as an A/D sampling clock; the trigger and clock processing module receives an external trigger signal and selects an A/D sampling clock; the A/D data acquisition module reads sampling data in the A/D converter in real time and frames 16 paths of serial data to the A/D data correction module; the A/D data correction module finishes data correction processing according to the calibration coefficient and writes the data into a cache; the A/D data read-write controller has a read-write rate of 100M 32bit, meets the load of the A/D highest sampling rate of 1.5M 32bit, and can read data in real time; the data processing and analyzing module can realize the functions of data online analysis, such as filtering, time-frequency domain analysis, probability statistics, data monitoring and the like, can reprogram the data processing and analyzing module according to specific task requirements, realizes different application requirements, and guarantees the real-time performance of data processing and analysis on the premise of controlling the computational complexity. And the data analysis and processing are realized through the mutual matching of the modules.
In the above technical solution, the scan acquisition module is a single a/D converter with a high sampling rate that converts an analog signal into a digital signal. By adopting the mode, after the analog signal is acquired, the analog signal is converted into the digital signal, so that the anti-interference capability can be improved, and the accumulation of noise can be reduced; meanwhile, the single A/D converter with high sampling rate can simplify the acquisition procedure and improve the acquisition efficiency.
In the above technical solution, 16 analog channels are provided on the analog voltage signal input terminal.
In the technical scheme, the gain control module, the low-pass filtering module and the synchronous acquisition switch are the same in number and are connected independently in a one-to-one opposite mode. By adopting the mode, the mutual interference between signals is avoided, and meanwhile, the working efficiency is ensured.
In the above technical solution, the gain control module is an amplifier gain module with a high common mode rejection ratio. By adopting the mode, the effect of amplifying the analog signal is better, and the common-mode noise can be effectively inhibited.
In the technical scheme, the low-pass filtering module is an active second-order Butterworth low-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 1Hz, and high-frequency noise and aliasing signals can be effectively filtered by adopting the mode.
In the technical scheme, the gain control module is a gain control module with 4 levels of amplification factors which are independently set, a standard signal source is used for calibration, calibration coefficients are obtained by polynomial fitting, the calibration coefficients under different amplification factors of each channel are respectively calculated and then written into the AD data correction module, online correction of data is realized, and measurement accuracy is guaranteed; the calibration method is according to GJB5224-2004 wind tunnel measurement system design and verification criteria. By adopting the mode, the gain of each channel is independently set, and the amplification requirements of signals with different magnitudes can be met.
In the technical scheme, the analog signals sequentially enter the scanning acquisition module for acquisition through switching of the synchronous acquisition switch in a circulating manner. By adopting the mode, the synchronous acquisition switch is adopted to control the analog signals to sequentially enter the scanning acquisition module in a round-robin manner, and the A/D converter is matched, so that the data transmission is simple and rapid.
In the technical scheme, the LAN bus interface module adopts Ethernet as a transmission bus, is accessed to a wind tunnel measurement and control network to realize remote transmission of data, and simultaneously realizes synchronization among miniature measurement systems based on an IEEE1588 protocol; and a wireless module can be added on the basis of the LAN bus interface module to realize wireless transmission of data.
Example 1:
a wind tunnel micro-measuring system is shown in a schematic block diagram of a figure 1, the protection grade of the wind tunnel micro-measuring system is IP54, a circuit board is fixed by bolts and padded with a shock absorption rubber mat, the size (length, width and height) is 167mm, 88mm and 32mm, the input signal range is-10V, an electrical interface module can be selected to be a VHDCI-68 terminal with 16 analog voltage signal input channels according to the signal and data flow direction, a pin definition diagram of a front panel analog voltage signal input terminal is shown in a figure 3, the figure has 16 analog voltage signal input channels in total, and the figures 7-10 are connection schematic diagrams of different analog input signals, so that the connection modes are different for different analog input signals, and a rear panel comprises a 12V direct current power supply input interface, a hundred-mega Ethernet port and an external trigger input interface; the gain control module selects an amplifier which is provided with (x1, x100, x200, x500) 4-gear programmable gain and high common mode rejection ratio, and the gain of each channel is independently set; the low-pass filter adopts an active second-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter high-frequency noise and aliasing signals, the cut-off frequency is 1Hz, the octave attenuation can reach 12.3dB, the amplitude-frequency characteristic is shown in figure 4, the frequency response curve in a pass band is flattest without fluctuation, and the reduction rate in a stop band is slower. The scanning acquisition module selects a single A/D converter with a high sampling rate to realize a multi-channel acquisition function, and the core control of the scanning acquisition module is completed through a scanning table in an FPGA logic part, as shown in FIG. 5; the scanning table is used for storing analog channel numbers, the access of the channels is selected through the channel numbers during actual acquisition, and the storage sequence of the channel numbers can be flexibly set. An 18-bit SAR type A/D converter is selected as the analog-to-digital conversion module, the single-channel sampling rate is 250kS/s at most, and the 16-channel sampling sharing sampling rate is 1.5MS/s at most. The system of the main control module adopts a ZYNQ series device as a main control chip, wherein the functional block diagram of the firmware module is shown in figure 2, wherein the read-write speed of the A/D data read-write controller is 100M 32bit, and the load of the A/D maximum sampling speed of 1.5M 32bit is met. The driving module adopts an LXI bus communication protocol VXI-11 based on Ethernet; the clock synchronization among different miniature measurement systems uses an IEEE1588 protocol based on the internet to realize the synchronization among different measurement systems; during sampling, 50MHZ is used as an AI sampling clock time base, and synchronous reset signals of clock frequency and corresponding frequency required by each module can be obtained through a global clock and a programmable clock frequency divider in a reset generation module, and an AI sampling clock is finally obtained by combining external trigger signals, as shown in figure 6; the system accesses an interface using the VISA standard while being compatible with NI-VISA and Keysight VISA. The driver interface is a vi function library in a LabVIEW programming environment. And the LAN bus interface module realizes wired and wireless transmission based on an IEEE1588 protocol.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A wind tunnel micrometric system characterized in that it comprises:
the electric interface module comprises a front panel and a rear panel which are oppositely arranged, wherein an analog voltage signal input terminal with current and voltage overload protection functions is arranged on the front panel, a power input interface, a trigger interface and a network interface are sequentially arranged on the rear panel, and the power input interface is connected with a voltage module for supplying power to the whole measuring system;
the gain control module is arranged at the rear end of the front panel, and the input end of the gain control module is connected with the output end of an analog voltage signal input terminal on the front panel;
the low-pass filtering module is used for filtering high-frequency noise and aliasing signals and is arranged at the rear end of the gain control module, and the input end of the low-pass filtering module is connected with the output end of the gain control module;
the synchronous acquisition switch is arranged at the rear end of the low-pass filtering module and is connected with the low-pass filtering module;
the scanning acquisition module is positioned at the rear end of the synchronous acquisition switch, and the input end of the scanning acquisition module is connected with the synchronous acquisition switch;
the main control module is arranged between the scanning acquisition module and the rear panel, the main control module comprises a firmware module and a driving module, the input end of the main control module is connected with the output end of the scanning acquisition module and a trigger signal interface positioned on the rear panel, and the main control module is connected with a program data memory and a cache;
and the LAN bus interface module is connected with the main control module and is connected with a network interface positioned on the rear panel.
2. The wind tunnel micrometric system of claim 1 characterized in that said firmware module comprises an FPGA logic portion and an ARM program portion, wherein,
the FPGA logic part comprises:
a clock control module capable of receiving a clock signal;
the PL-PS interface module is connected with the clock control module;
the global clock and reset generation module is connected with the PL-PS interface module and can receive signals sent by the PL-PS interface module;
the trigger and clock processing module is connected with the global clock and reset generation module, can receive the clock and reset signals sent by the global clock and reset generation module, and is connected with a trigger interface for transmitting external trigger signals;
the A/D data acquisition module reads the sampling data of the A/D chip in real time and is connected with the scanning acquisition module;
the A/D data correction module is used for finishing data correction processing and writing data into a cache and is positioned at the rear end of the A/D data acquisition module, the rear end of the A/D data correction module is connected with an A/D data read-write controller, the A/D data read-write controller is connected with a PL-PS interface module, and the A/D data correction module is communicated with the trigger and clock processing module and can receive and transmit signals;
the ARM program part comprises:
and the programmable data processing and analyzing module is connected with the PL-PS interface module through the GP and the HP bus, and the data processing and analyzing module is connected with the program data memory and the cache.
3. The wind tunnel micrometric system of claim 1 wherein the scan acquisition module is a single a/D converter of high sampling rate that converts analog signals to digital signals.
4. The wind tunnel micrometering system of claim 1, wherein said analog voltage signal input terminal is provided with 16 analog channels.
5. The wind tunnel micrometering system of claim 1, wherein the gain control module, the low pass filter module and the synchronous acquisition switch are the same in number and are connected separately one to one.
6. The wind tunnel micrometric system of claim 5 wherein the gain control module is an amplifier gain module with a high common mode rejection ratio.
7. The wind tunnel micrometric system of claim 5 characterized in that said low pass filter module is an active second order Butterworth low pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1 Hz.
8. The wind tunnel micrometering system of claim 1, wherein the gain control module is a gain control module having 4-step independently set amplification factors, and is calibrated by using a standard signal source, the calibration coefficient is obtained by polynomial fitting, and online correction of data is realized by calculating the calibration coefficient of each channel at different amplification factors and writing the calibration coefficient into the a/D data correction module, thereby ensuring measurement accuracy; the calibration method is according to GJB5224-2004 wind tunnel measurement system design and verification criteria.
9. The wind tunnel micrometering system of claim 1, wherein the analog signals are sequentially cycled into the scan acquisition module for acquisition by switching of the synchronous acquisition switch.
10. The wind tunnel micro-measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the LAN bus interface module uses Ethernet as a transmission bus, and is connected to a wind tunnel measurement and control network to realize remote transmission of data, and simultaneously realizes synchronization between micro-measurement systems based on IEEE1588 protocol; and a wireless module can be added on the basis of the LAN bus interface module to realize wireless transmission of data.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113283151A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-08-20 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Method for optimizing design by using remote server |
| CN114785445A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Clock synchronization implementation method of wind tunnel pressure measurement system |
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