CN110608023B - Adaptability boundary analysis and evaluation method for stratified steam injection of thickened oil - Google Patents
Adaptability boundary analysis and evaluation method for stratified steam injection of thickened oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110608023B CN110608023B CN201810622902.7A CN201810622902A CN110608023B CN 110608023 B CN110608023 B CN 110608023B CN 201810622902 A CN201810622902 A CN 201810622902A CN 110608023 B CN110608023 B CN 110608023B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for analyzing and evaluating adaptability boundary of thick oil stratified steam injection, which comprises the following steps: acquiring geological data, and carrying out analysis and assay; constructing a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system, and determining an economic benefit evaluation limit standard under a double-objective function; comparing the layering with the general steam injection effect evaluation, and analyzing the geological influence factors of layering steam injection; calculating oil reservoir attribute parameters and constructing a digital model of a layered steam injection oil reservoir; determining the flow distribution proportion under the action of interference; determining single factor adaptability limit of layered steam injection; determining membership degrees and weight index parameters of different influence factors; and determining the weight of each factor of the comprehensive evaluation function according to different weight set determination methods. The adaptability boundary analysis and evaluation method for thickened oil layered steam injection constructs parameter models considering different factors in a classified manner, analyzes differences between extreme differences of each parameter and utilization effects respectively, and searches for extreme difference boundaries under the optimization of economic benefits and oil-steam ratio dual-objective function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of design of a method for balanced exploitation of petroleum and natural gas, in particular to an adaptive boundary analysis and evaluation method for layered steam injection of thickened oil.
Background
The heavy oil reservoir has a wide distribution range, and is generally developed by adopting a steam injection exploitation mode. The heavy oil reservoir in China has rich oil and gas resources, wide reservoir distribution range, continental facies deposition type and great exploitation potential, but the development of the heavy oil reservoir is restricted by the heterogeneity limitation of the reservoir and the change of the properties of underground crude oil due to the complicated reservoir type. At present, most of oil field development enters the middle and later stages, the development of the whole thickened oil is restricted by the current development technology, and the technology of general development is adopted for exploitation for a long time. Because the difference of physical properties among layers is obvious, after multiple rounds of steam injection, the steam suction condition and the steam collection condition of each layer are different, the air suction capability of a high-permeability layer is strong, the utilization degree is large, the steam suction capability of a low-permeability layer is weaker, and the utilization is less, so the difference among layers is more obvious, in addition, when a new layer is developed, the contradiction between the new layer and an old layer also exists, and the condition that the utilization is not uniform among the new layer and the old layer also exists. The difference and contradiction between the layers directly influence the final yield of the oil layer, and overcoming the difference between the layers is the opportunity to improve the recovery ratio of the heavy oil reservoir.
Because the utilization degree and the reservoir pressure of a new reservoir and an old reservoir are different, the yield and the water content change rate are different when two layers are mined, the development potential of the new reservoir is restricted by the general steam injection, the layered steam injection technology is a technology which can overcome the interlayer difference on the basis and realize the utilization of the reservoir to a greater extent, and researchers prove that the technology is suitable for the middle and later stages of steam injection development through various field tests, because the interlayer contradiction becomes prominent in the middle and later stages of steam injection development when the stratum has strong heterogeneity, and the influence on the yield is the greatest at the moment. The layered steam injection technology of the heavy oil reservoir is characterized in that a closed layered technology of a packer is utilized to divide steam injection layers, the reservoir layers with the same or similar physical properties and the similar positions are divided into the same layer, reasonable steam injection allocation is carried out on each steam injection layer according to needs, mutual interference among the steam injection layers is reduced through the reasonable injection allocation amount, simultaneously, an air suction profile is improved, steam channeling among production wells is reduced or avoided, the longitudinal utilization degree of the heavy oil reservoir is further improved, and the final purpose of improving the recovery ratio of the heavy oil reservoir is achieved.
Aiming at the current situation that the thick oil reservoir is uneven in interlayer utilization and obvious in interlayer difference, a steam injection mode of layered steam injection is needed, steam injection modes of a layered steam injection vertical well and a layered steam injection horizontal well are adopted for a vertical well and a horizontal well, and a steam huff and puff and steam drive technology is adopted, so that the thick oil reservoir with obvious interlayer difference is effectively utilized, and the current situation of thick oil reservoir development is improved. For a specific heavy oil reservoir, the purpose of improving the yield cannot be achieved by utilizing conventional general steam injection thermal recovery, and whether the recovery efficiency can be improved by adopting a stratified section thermal recovery technology or not is not clear, and the adaptability of stratified section thermal recovery is urgently researched. Therefore, a novel method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for analyzing and evaluating adaptability boundary of thick oil layered steam injection based on three-parameter analysis, which optimizes the layered physical boundary aiming at the steam injection development of a thick oil reservoir.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the stratified steam injection of the thickened oil comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring geological data, and analyzing and testing; step 2, constructing a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system, and determining an economic benefit evaluation limit standard under a double-objective function; step 3, based on the early-stage production dynamic data, comparing layering with general steam injection effect evaluation, and analyzing layering steam injection geological influence factors; step 4, constructing model parameters considering residual reserves, flow capacity and interlayer interference, calculating oil reservoir attribute parameters, and constructing a digital model of the layered steam injection oil reservoir; step 5, respectively considering thermal interference, flow interference and interference under coupling based on a numerical simulation method, and determining a flow distribution proportion under the interference; step 6, combining numerical simulation results of different oil reservoir attribute parameters, respectively calculating the relationship between different influence factor range differences and the steam injection accumulated oil-steam ratio, and determining the single-factor adaptability limit of layered steam injection; step 7, determining comprehensive evaluation indexes of the oil reservoir steam injection influence parameters according to the three-factor index model, and respectively determining membership degrees and weight index parameters of different influence factors based on an analytic hierarchy process; and 8, determining the weight of each factor of the comprehensive evaluation function according to different weight set determination methods.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the step 1, the obtained geological data comprises oil deposit dynamic and static data, lithology, porosity, permeability and oil-containing saturation parameters of the stratum are obtained according to the obtained data obtained by drilling, logging, coring, drill rod testing and well logging interpretation, stratum comparison is carried out, the properties and distribution of the oil deposit are clarified, well mouth coordinates, well deviation correction data, oil deposit top depth, layering data and small-layer data are collected, and the oil deposit dynamic and static data comprises oil deposit geology, development dynamics, fluid characteristics and construction process data.
In the step 1, the obtained geological data comprises oil deposit well history and production dynamic data, and specifically comprises well history data, namely production date, perforation well section and operation measures; the single-well pressure measurement data can reflect the stratum pressure change, the skin coefficient or the static liquid level, the bottom flowing pressure or the oil layer dynamic liquid level of each well from production to present; producing dynamic data, comprising: daily oil production, daily water production, daily gas production, average gas-oil ratio, water content, accumulated oil, accumulated water and pressure data of an oil well; daily steam injection data and steam injection pressure of the steam injection well.
In step 1, the data of the analytical test comprises fluid and rock PVT high pressure physical property data, original formation pressure, relative permeability curve and capillary pressure, and formation rock and fluid compressibility, wherein the fluid and rock PVT high pressure physical property data comprises crude oil, viscosity, density, volume coefficient, compressibility and original dissolved gas-oil ratio of formation water.
In the step 2, when a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system is constructed, an input-output balance method is adopted to calculate steam throughput development economic benefit evaluation, and the input part considers the fixed cost of a single well, the steam injection cost, the operation cost of the transfer cycle and the periodic production days and the periodic steam injection quantity of different oil reservoir types under different oil prices; the output part considers oil price, commodity rate, tax, throughput limit oil-gas ratio and ton oil variable cost related to output; the concrete formula is as follows:
Cgfixed cost T cycle days apportioned on average per day for a single well
qgSingle well period steam injection quantity CigAverage cost per 1t steam shot
CzCost of single well turnaround GjEconomic limit oil-to-steam ratio
aoCommodity rate P oil price
RtTon oil tax CoTon of oil variable cost is related to oil production.
In the step 2, determining the economic benefit evaluation limit standard under the dual-objective function, drawing limit oil-gas ratios under different oil prices into a chart according to cost composition, and establishing a steam huff-puff three-line four-zone operation chart.
In the step 3, quantitative analysis is carried out on the influence factors of the layered steam injection geology by establishing an oil reservoir actual model; an oil reservoir digital model is constructed through basic parameters of an oil reservoir, numerical simulation research is carried out, in order to explore thickness grade difference, permeability grade difference, crude oil viscosity grade difference and sensitivity strength of oil-containing saturation grade difference, the strength relation of the thickness grade difference, the permeability grade difference, the crude oil viscosity grade difference and the sensitivity strength of the oil-containing saturation grade difference are judged through an orthogonal test, sensitivity sequencing among single factors is given, and the thickness grade difference > the oil-containing saturation grade difference > the crude oil viscosity grade difference > the permeability grade difference.
In step 4, the model parameters include pore volume contrast defined as Φ H; the crude oil fluidity contrast is defined as: k/mu; the reserve flow coefficient comparison is defined as: phi, Hso, K/mu; the formation coefficient contrast is defined as: KH.
And 4, finishing the obtained static data and dynamic data, giving oil-water production history, constructing an oil reservoir numerical simulation model, and performing flow simulation calculation of oil, gas and water in oil reservoir development.
In step 5, the heat distribution and thermal efficiency analysis of the interlayer and the top layer can be used to find that: (1) the interlayer is thin, and the heat can be released and stored after the heat has a peak value, so that the non-steam injection layer is continuously interfered; (2) the difference between the heat dissipation amount of the top layer and the heat dissipation amount of the bottom layer is large; (3) interlayer thermal interference effect, and double-layer steam injection can improve the thermal efficiency; (4) the heat loss can be reduced by reducing the relative thickness of the interlayer or increasing the thickness of the oil layer.
In step 6, classifying according to reserve factor parameters, flow factor parameters and interference parameters respectively, and researching the relationship between the range of each factor and the cumulative oil-gas ratio respectively, wherein the reserve factor parameters comprise porosity, oil saturation and oil layer thickness; flow factor parameters include permeability and crude oil viscosity; the disturbance parameter includes the barrier/reservoir ratio.
In step 6, the relationship result of various factors and the cumulative oil-gas ratio can be known as follows: the influence sequence of the oil layer reserve change factors is that the porosity is more than or equal to the oil saturation and more than or equal to the oil layer thickness, and the reservoir factor critical value of the layered injection gasoline layer is as follows: the range is greater than 2.8.
In step 6, the flow capacity variation factor affects the order: the viscosity of crude oil is more than or equal to the permeability of a reservoir, and the flow capacity factor critical value range of a layered steam injection oil layer is as follows: the range is greater than 3.2.
In step 6, the barrier/reservoir ratio limit defines the criterion: the heat loss degree is taken as a standard, the heat loss is not less than 80%, the increase amplitude of the interference-to-oil-gas ratio exceeds 20%, the interlayer/oil layer ratio of the layered steam injection oil layer is required to be more than 0.5, and the interlayer thickness is not less than 2 m.
In step 7, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to carry out comprehensive evaluation analysis on factors influencing the effect of layered thermal recovery development, and the basic evaluation steps comprise:
(1) determining a factor discourse domain;
from the research analysis results, influence factor discourse domain U is obtained:
U＝(u1，u2，u3......un) (1-7)
wherein n is the number of factors;
(2) determining an evaluation domain;
V＝(v1，v2，v3，......vm) (1-8)
wherein m is the number of evaluation grades; v is the comment set;
(3) construction judgment matrix
Quantifying the factors of the factor domain types into membership degrees according to the relationship between the factors and the evaluation indexes, and constructing corresponding evaluation matrixes according to different membership degrees; the evaluation matrix constructed for the single factor is called a single factor evaluation matrix; to construct the evaluation matrix R, the relationship between each factor in the factor domain and each evaluation result index in the evaluation domain is digitally described to quantify the relationship, and the quantified result is converted into the corresponding membership degree RijFrom this, a judgment matrix R is constructed, based on the ith factor uiThe evaluation made on the evaluation object is called a one-factor evaluation and is recorded as:
ri＝(r11，r12，……，rim)
ri＝(r11，r12，……，rim) (1-9)
the synthesis of n single-factor matrixes is an evaluation matrix R:
in step 8, the weight set is an evaluation set composed of weights influenced by the factors, and the weights indicate that the factors have different degrees of importance to the evaluation result, and the weights of the factors are obtained
X＝(x1，x2，x3，……，xn) (1-11)
The weight set determination method is derived from three methods: expert scoring, hierarchical analysis and orthogonal experiment; the method is realized by means of investigation, programming and numerical simulation respectively, the three results have certain reference values, different weight set determination methods are selected according to different conditions, and the effectiveness of the results can be guaranteed better.
In step 8, giving out the variation functions of the extreme difference and the extraction degree of the comprehensive evaluation function under the general steam injection and the layered steam injection respectively, determining the three-factor parameter limit and the limit of the comprehensive evaluation function based on the comprehensive evaluation model,
obtaining a comprehensive evaluation model through fuzzy transformation, and applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model
Making a judgment on
Obtaining the Y-shaped carbon nano-tube by the method,
referred to as the fuzzy transformation, the transformation of the blur,
representing a composition operation;
Y＝(y1，y2，y3，……，ym) (1-12)
according to the principle of maximum membership degree, max (y1, y2, y3, … …, ym) corresponds to the final evaluation result.
According to the analysis and evaluation method for the adaptability boundary of the thickened oil layered steam injection, disclosed by the invention, the effect evaluation, influence factors and adaptability research of the layered steam injection development are carried out on a typical thickened oil reservoir unit of a certain oil field, a technical boundary suitable for the layered steam injection development is provided, the steam throughput and the optimization of steam flooding steam injection working parameters are carried out under an economic benefit evaluation system, and technical and theoretical support is provided for the refined and efficient development of the differential thickened oil reservoir. The invention provides a boundary analysis method based on three-parameter analysis, aiming at carrying out layered physical property boundary optimization on heavy oil reservoir steam injection development. The method introduces new evaluation parameters, classifies and constructs parameter models considering different factors while considering single factors of steam injection, respectively analyzes the difference between the extreme difference and the use effect of each parameter according to the parameter models, and searches for the extreme difference limit under the optimization of economic benefit and oil-gas ratio dual-objective function.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a chart of the economic limit of steam throughput oil-to-steam ratio limits for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the daily production of SJSH83X111 wells in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a dynamic graph of the production cycle for a SJSH83X111 well in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the oil-to-gas ratio for different periods of a SJSH83X111 well in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of steam injection from a multi-layered complex reservoir in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the heat distribution for layers having a relative thickness of 0.5 in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the heat distribution at different relative thicknesses of the various layers in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of heat content of different layers versus thickness of layers in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the heat content of the top layer versus the thickness of the various layers in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the effect of multiple heat injection layers on thermal efficiency in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the heat fraction of non-heat injected layers of different spacer thicknesses in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of a double-layer thermal insulation numerical simulation model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of a two-layer heat transfer numerical simulation model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of oil-water phase permeability in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a graph of oil and gas phase permeability in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a graph of parallel layer flow rate versus time for a step difference of 2 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph of parallel layer flow rate versus time at a step difference of 5 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a graph of seepage resistance versus time for a step difference of 2 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a graph of seepage resistance versus time at a step difference of 5 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a longitudinal heterogeneous model in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an initial permeability pole difference model in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at an initial time t of 10min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 23 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at a breakthrough time t of 61min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of oil-water distribution at the end time t of 90min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at an initial time t of 10min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at a breakthrough time t of 66min according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of oil-water distribution at time t-80 min in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at an ending time t equal to 90 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at an initial time t of 10min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 30 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution at a breakthrough time t of 50min according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 31 is a schematic diagram illustrating oil-water distribution when t is 70min in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the oil-water distribution at the ending time t of 90min according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 33 is a graph illustrating very poor reserve factor versus cumulative oil-to-gas ratio for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 34 is a graphical illustration of the flow capacity factor range and cumulative oil-to-vapor ratio for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 35 is a schematic representation of the barrier/reservoir ratio versus cumulative oil-to-gas ratio and production levels in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 36 is a graphical representation of the integrated coefficient versus cumulative oil to steam ratio for an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 37 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the stratified steam injection of heavy oil according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Fig. 37 is a flowchart of the method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the stratified steam injection of heavy oil according to the present invention. In step 101, geological data is acquired and an analytical test is performed. The acquired data comprises oil deposit dynamic and static data, oil deposit well history and production dynamic data.
When the dynamic and static information of the oil reservoir is obtained, the lithology, porosity, permeability and oil-containing saturation parameters of the stratum are obtained according to the information obtained by drilling, logging, coring, drill rod testing and logging interpretation, detailed stratum comparison is carried out, the properties and distribution of the oil reservoir are clarified, and well mouth coordinates, well deviation correction data, oil reservoir top depth, layering data and small-layer data are collected. The method mainly comprises the data of oil reservoir geology, development dynamics, fluid characteristics, construction process and the like.
The oil reservoir well history and production dynamic data mainly comprise well history data, namely production date, perforation well section, operation measures and the like; the single-well pressure measurement data can reflect the stratum pressure change, the skin coefficient or the static liquid level, the bottom flowing pressure or the oil layer dynamic liquid level and the like of each well from production to present; producing dynamic data, specifically comprising: daily oil production, daily water production, daily gas production, average gas-oil ratio, water content, accumulated oil, accumulated water and pressure data of an oil well; daily steam injection data of the steam injection well, steam injection pressure and the like.
The analytical data includes PVT high pressure physical property data (such as viscosity, density, volume coefficient, compressibility, raw dissolved gas-oil ratio, etc. of crude oil, formation water), raw formation pressure, relative permeability curve and capillary pressure, etc. and formation rock and fluid compressibility.
In step 102, a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system is constructed, and economic benefit evaluation limit standards under a double objective function are determined.
And when a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system is constructed, steam huff and puff development economic benefit evaluation is carried out, and an input-output balance method is adopted for calculation. The investment part mainly considers the fixed cost of a single well, the steam injection cost, the turnover operation cost and the periodic production days and the periodic steam injection quantity of different oil reservoir types under different oil prices. The production section primarily considers oil prices, commodity rates, taxes, throughput limit oil-to-gas ratios, and tonnage oil variable costs associated with production. The concrete formula is as follows:
Cgfixed cost T cycle days apportioned on average per day for a single well
QgSingle well period steam injection quantity CigAverage cost per 1t steam shot
CzCost of single well turnaround GjEconomic limit oil-to-steam ratio
aoCommodity rate P oil price
RtTon oil tax CoTon oil variable cost related to oil production
When the economic benefit evaluation limit standard under the double objective functions is determined, the limit oil-gas ratios under different oil prices are drawn into a chart according to cost composition, and a steam throughput three-line four-area operation chart is established, as shown in fig. 1. If the well in the area IV in the plate still has economic benefits under the condition of complete cost, normal circulation and optimization technology can be carried out, and the benefits are improved; the well in the area III is effective under the operation cost and is ineffective under the complete cost, the rotation is delayed, and the cycle of the round is prolonged; the well in the area II is effective only under the maintenance cost, and the maintenance of production, no turnover and no support of a lying well are considered; the I-zone well still has no effect under the maintenance cost, and the well closing is considered to be implemented, so that the development cost is reduced.
In step 103, based on the early-stage production dynamic data, the layering and the general steam injection effect evaluation are compared, and the influence factors of the layering steam injection geology are analyzed.
The following is a single well example dissection method, and main influence factors of steam injection are qualitatively analyzed by studying sample dissection of all single wells in an area.
SJSH83X111 well example dissection:
the current formation pressure: 5.5 MPa; crude oil viscosity μ: 8682.6 mPas
List of parameter comparisons: 1. pore volume contrast Φ H1.09; 2. crude oil flow contrast K/mu of 0.42; 3. the reserve flow coefficient contrast phi x H So x K/mu is 0.46; 4. formation coefficient vs. KH:0.56, Table 1.
TABLE 1 SJSH83X111 well steam injection influence parameter and steam injection quantity ratio comparison table
The throughput is currently 5 cycles, as shown in table 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4.
TABLE 2 SJSH83X111 well period production case table
The first three periods are separated injection, the second two periods are combined injection, the daily oil yield is higher in the first three periods and is stable to be more than 7 tons in daily yield from a daily production curve, the daily yield is lower than the daily yield in the first two periods, the daily yield is about 5 tons, the effect is better than the combined injection effect when the layered injection and production are implemented, but the influence of the round is considered, and the comparison result needs to be verified by multi-well layered injection and production.
Analyzing the reason of the layered steam injection effect: the viscosity is small, the permeability grade difference is 2.38, the stratum ratio is 1.78, the interlayer difference is obvious, the net/total thickness ratio is 0.639, the stratum permeability is in an average level, the layering injection amount is closer to the distribution according to the pore volume, and the analysis is integrated with various factors: the layered steam injection effect is good in appearance effect, but compared with the general steam injection, analysis of other wells needs to be continuously integrated.
And (4) quantitatively analyzing the influence factors of the layered steam injection geology by establishing an oil reservoir actual model. An oil reservoir digital model is constructed through basic parameters of an oil reservoir, numerical simulation research is carried out, in order to explore thickness grade difference, permeability grade difference, crude oil viscosity grade difference and sensitivity strength of oil-containing saturation grade difference, the strength relation of the thickness grade difference, the permeability grade difference, the crude oil viscosity grade difference and the sensitivity strength of the oil-containing saturation grade difference are judged through an orthogonal test, sensitivity sequencing among single factors is given, and the thickness grade difference > the oil-containing saturation grade difference > the crude oil viscosity grade difference > the permeability grade difference are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 orthogonal test factors and horizontal parameters table
| |
1 | 2 | 3 |
| Difference in permeability grade | 1(1000) | 3.5(600/2100) | 11(300/3300) |
| Difference in viscosity grade | 10(10000/1000) | 5(20000/4000) | 1(10000/10000) |
| Difference in thickness | 1(4/4) | 3(2/6) | 1.7(3/5) |
| Water saturation level difference | 4(0.1/0.4) | 2(0.2/0.4) | 1(0.4/0.4) |
In step 104, model parameters considering the residual reserves, the flow capacity and the interlayer interference are constructed, the oil reservoir attribute parameters are calculated, and a digital model of the layered steam injection oil reservoir is constructed.
The model parameters include pore volume contrast defined as phi x H; the crude oil fluidity contrast is defined as: k/mu; the reserve flow coefficient comparison is defined as: phi, Hso, K/mu; the formation coefficient contrast is defined as: KH.
And (4) arranging the obtained static data and dynamic data, giving oil-water production history, constructing an oil reservoir numerical simulation model, and performing flow simulation calculation of oil, gas and water in oil reservoir development. The constructed oil deposit digital-analog model is similar to the real oil deposit moved to a computer, and is a digital oil deposit, and the buried depth, the well drilling position, the property of each layer and the property of fluid of the digital oil deposit are consistent with those of the actual oil deposit.
In step 105, based on the numerical simulation method, the flow distribution ratio under the interference effect is determined by respectively considering the thermal interference, the flow interference and the interference effect under the coupling.
According to the Marx-Langenheim classic reservoir heating theory, the reservoir is divided into a steam zone and a cold oil zone, and the interface of the two zones is a steam front. The thicknesses of the oil layer 1, the interlayer and the oil layer 2 are h1, h2-h1 and h3-h2 respectively, h 1-h 3-h 2-10 m, and the top and bottom cover layers are processed according to a semi-infinite cylinder, as shown in fig. 5.
The model assumes that: (1) the initial temperature of the oil reservoir is equal everywhere, and the thermophysical parameters of each layer do not change along with the temperature; (2) the heat injection quantity of each steam injection layer is equal and does not change along with the time; (3) the advancing speed of the condensation front edge of each layer of steam is equal everywhere; (4) the effect of gravity override is not considered.
Mathematical model derivation
And (3) steam injection layer:
the interface is a steam front. The thicknesses of the oil layer 1, the interlayer and the oil layer 2 are h1, h2-h1 and h3-h2 respectively, h 1-h 3-h 2-10 m, and the top and bottom cover layers are processed into a semi-infinite cylinder. The lithology of the oil layer is sandstone, and the specific heat capacity M is 2.5X 106J/(M)3DEG C.), a thermal conductivity lambda of 6 x 105J/(m.DEG.C.d); the interlayer and the top and bottom cover layers are mudstone, and the specific heat capacity M is 2.6X 106J/(M)3DEG C.), a thermal conductivity lambda of 6.1 x 105J/(m·℃·d)。
u is the heat flux of the oil layer, J/(m)2D); t is the temperature of the oil layer, DEG C; t is time, d; x, y and z are coordinate directions; the subscript 1 indicates that the quantity is a property of the oil layer 1, 2 indicates the oil layer, C indicates the spacer layer, O indicates the cap layer, and U indicates the bottom cap layer. Gamma is a pull-type space variable; alpha is a heat transfer coefficient (lambda/M), M2/d。
3 variables are defined: m*(s) is the variable M (t)D) Wherein s is a complex variable,
and
respectively, M is the average in the longitudinal direction and in the plane. Such as
Average temperature in vertical direction
Average temperature in horizontal direction
Energy transferred from layer 1 to the bottom cap layer:
interlayer heat flux:
heat flux of non-layers:
model basic parameters: in the heat calculation, the heat amount released when steam was changed to 50 ℃ water was calculated by considering the steam injection at 300 ℃ and calculating the steam injection at 1000 tons and 2000 tons for the oil layer 1 and the oil layer 2, respectively.
The results of the model calculations are shown in FIGS. 6-11:
the heat distribution of different interlayer layers with different relative thicknesses can be known as follows: (1) the interlayer thickness/oil layer thickness ratio is dimensionless multiple: 4.0; (2) non-injection reservoir thermal disturbance occurrence time span: 0.075a-0.7 a; (3) maximum intensity difference of thermal interference: 14% -4%; (4) the interlayer obtains the maximum heat: 15 to 28 percent
The heat distribution and the thermal efficiency analysis of the interlayer and the top layer can show that: (1) the interlayer is thin, and the heat can be released and stored after the heat has a peak value, so that the non-steam injection layer is continuously interfered; (2) the difference between the heat dissipation amount of the top layer and the heat dissipation amount of the bottom layer is large and can reach more than 6 times; (3) interlayer thermal interference effect, and double-layer steam injection can improve the thermal efficiency; (4) the heat loss can be reduced by reducing the relative thickness of the interlayer or increasing the thickness of the oil layer.
In order to explore the displacement difference under the heat flow coupling under the condition of different permeability, a theoretical double-layer model is constructed: A20X 1X 3 grid is adopted, the size of the model is 20cm X20 cm, see fig. 12-13, and the setting is stopped when the water content reaches 98%.
Other parameters selected during the simulation are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 table of numerical simulation of other parameters
The oil-water and oil-gas phase permeation curves are shown in the figure 14-figure 15:
the parallel layer flow rate and the seepage resistance at different permeability steps obtained by numerical simulation as a function of time are shown in fig. 16-fig. 19 below.
In step 106, the relationship between the range of different influence factors and the cumulative steam-injection oil-steam ratio is calculated according to the numerical simulation results of different reservoir property parameters, as shown in fig. 20, table 5 and table 6. And determining the single-factor adaptability limit of the layered steam injection.
TABLE 5 physical Property parameter Table
TABLE 6 Permeability table for each layer of three models
(ii) relatively low permeability displacement simulation
The steam length at breakthrough time and end time for each layer are shown in table 7, fig. 21-24 below:
TABLE 7 displacement condition tables of each layer
From the displacement results it can be seen that: the high permeability layer breaks through firstly, during the breaking through, the utilization degree of the layer 1 is 20%, the utilization degree of the layer 2 is 30%, after the high permeability layer breaks through, steam is lost from the high permeability layer and does not enter the low permeability layer basically, at the moment, the utilization degree of the layer 2 is still less than 40%, and if the utilization degree is more than 40%, the development limit permeability level difference is between 1.8 and 3.
② relative medium high permeability displacement simulation
The displacement experiment procedure for model 2 was as follows:
according to the displacement result, the steam length of each layer at the breakthrough time and the end time are as follows:
using a draw-on 40% as a standard, the permeability rating and limit is 3, i.e., at this permeability level, the permeability rating must be less than 3 if the small layer is to be adequately drawn, see table 8, fig. 25-28.
Table 8 table of simulation results of model 2 layers
(iii) relatively high permeability Displacement simulation
According to the displacement result, the steam length of each layer at the breakthrough time and the end time are as follows:
from the displacement results it can be derived: the draw-down of 40% was used as the standard, at which point the permeability step difference margin was between 1.4 and 2.3, see table 9, fig. 29-32.
TABLE 9 displacement results table for model 3
After the evaluation indexes of the thick oil thermal recovery development effect and the evaluation standards of all indexes are determined, a thick oil thermal recovery development effect evaluation system is basically established, but because the evaluation indexes are complex in relation and different in importance degree, a multi-index quantitative comprehensive evaluation method is required.
In the research, the parameters are classified according to reserve factor parameters (porosity, oil saturation and oil layer thickness), flow factor parameters (permeability and crude oil viscosity) and interference parameters (interlayer/oil layer ratio), and the relationship between the range of each factor and the cumulative oil-gas ratio is researched respectively.
The relationship result of various factors and the cumulative oil-gas ratio can be known as follows: the influence sequence of the oil layer reserve change factors is that the porosity is more than or equal to the oil saturation and more than or equal to the oil layer thickness, and the reservoir factor critical value of the layered injection gasoline layer is as follows: the range is greater than 2.8, see FIG. 33.
Flow capacity variation factor affects order: the viscosity of crude oil is more than or equal to the permeability of a reservoir, and the flow capacity factor critical value range of a layered steam injection oil layer is as follows: the range is greater than 3.2, see fig. 34.
Barrier/reservoir ratio limits define criteria: the heat loss degree is taken as a standard, the heat loss is not less than 80 percent, the increase amplitude of the interference-to-oil-gas ratio exceeds 20 percent, the interlayer/oil layer ratio of the layered steam injection oil layer generally needs to be more than 0.5, see figure 35, in addition, the process is limited to a process measure limit value, and the interlayer thickness is not less than 2 meters.
In step 107, determining an oil reservoir steam injection influence parameter comprehensive evaluation index according to the three-factor index model; and respectively determining membership degrees and weight index parameters of different influence factors based on an analytic hierarchy process.
Comprehensive evaluation analysis of factors influencing the effect of layered thermal recovery development is carried out by adopting a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and basic evaluation steps are shown as follows.
(1) Determination of factor discourse domain
From the research analysis results, influence factor discourse domain U is obtained:
U＝(u1，u2，u3……un) (1-7)
wherein n is the number of factors.
(2) Assessment domain determination
V＝(v1，v2，v3，……vm) (1-8)
Wherein m is the number of evaluation grades; v is the comment set.
(3) Construction judgment matrix
And quantifying the factors of the factor domain types into membership degrees according to the relationship between the factors and the evaluation indexes, and constructing a corresponding evaluation matrix according to different membership degrees. The evaluation matrix constructed for the single factor is called a single factor evaluation matrix. For example, a single factor evaluation of the evaluation made for the ith factor is noted as:
ri＝(r11，r12，……，rim) (1-9)
the comprehensive composed of n single-factor matrixes is an evaluation matrix:
in step 108, the weights of the factors of the comprehensive evaluation function are determined according to different weight set determination methods.
The weight set is an evaluation set composed of weights influenced by the respective factors.
X＝(x1，x2，x3，……，xn) (1-11)
The weight set determination method herein is derived from three methods: expert scoring, hierarchical analysis and orthogonal experiment. The method is realized by means of investigation, programming and numerical simulation respectively, the three results have certain reference values, different weight set determination methods can be selected according to different conditions, and the effectiveness of the results can be guaranteed better.
And respectively giving out variation functions of the extreme difference and the extraction degree of the comprehensive evaluation function under the general steam injection and the layered steam injection, and determining the three-factor parameter limit and the limit of the comprehensive evaluation function based on the comprehensive evaluation model.
And obtaining a comprehensive evaluation model through fuzzy transformation.
Y＝(y1，y2，y3，……，ym) (1-12)
And the evaluation result obtained by the maximum membership degree is the final evaluation result.
Through comprehensive judgment and analysis, the accumulated oil-gas ratio is taken as a target function, the proportion of the reserve factor parameter is 0.48, the proportion of the flow factor parameter is 0.38, and the proportion of the interlayer/oil layer ratio is as follows: 0.14, in addition, the relationship between the three types of factors and the cumulative oil-gas ratio is analyzed through a comprehensive evaluation function, and the results are shown as the following chart, and the factors influence the sequence: the reserve coefficient is more than or equal to the flow coefficient is more than or equal to the interlayer/oil layer ratio coefficient, and the comprehensive judgment function critical value range is as follows: the comprehensive value R is more than or equal to 3.0, and the thickness is not less than 2 meters, as shown in figure 36.
Claims (14)
1. The analysis and evaluation method for the adaptability limit of the stratified steam injection of the thickened oil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring geological data, and analyzing and testing;
step 2, constructing a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system, and determining an economic benefit evaluation limit standard under a double-objective function;
step 3, based on the early-stage production dynamic data, comparing layering with general steam injection effect evaluation, and analyzing layering steam injection geological influence factors;
step 4, constructing model parameters considering residual reserves, flow capacity and interlayer interference, calculating oil reservoir attribute parameters, and constructing a digital model of the layered steam injection oil reservoir;
step 5, respectively considering thermal interference, flow interference and interference under thermal flow coupling based on a numerical simulation method, and determining a flow distribution proportion under the interference;
step 6, combining numerical simulation results of different oil reservoir attribute parameters, respectively calculating the relationship between different influence factor range differences and the steam injection accumulated oil-steam ratio, and determining the single-factor adaptability limit of layered steam injection;
step 7, determining comprehensive evaluation indexes of the oil reservoir steam injection influence parameters according to the three-factor index model, and respectively determining membership degrees and weight index parameters of different influence factors based on an analytic hierarchy process; the three factors are reserve factor parameters, flow factor parameters and interference factor parameters;
step 8, determining the weight of each factor of the comprehensive evaluation function according to different weight set determination methods;
in the step 2, when a layered steam injection effect evaluation standard system is constructed, an input-output balance method is adopted to calculate steam throughput development economic benefit evaluation, and the input part considers the fixed cost of a single well, the steam injection cost, the operation cost of the transfer cycle and the periodic production days and the periodic steam injection quantity of different oil reservoir types under different oil prices; the output part considers oil price, commodity rate, tax, throughput limit oil-gas ratio and ton oil variable cost related to output; the concrete formula is as follows:
when determining the economic benefit evaluation limit standard under the dual-target function, drawing the limit oil-gas ratios under different oil prices into a chart according to cost composition, and establishing a steam huff-puff three-line four-zone operation chart;
in step 4, the model parameters include pore volume contrast defined as Φ × H; the crude oil fluidity contrast is defined as: k/mu; the reserve flow coefficient comparison is defined as: Φ × H × So × K/μ; the formation coefficient contrast is defined as: KH.
2. The analysis and evaluation method for the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, the obtained geological data comprise oil deposit dynamic and static data, and the oil deposit dynamic and static data comprise oil deposit geological, development dynamic, fluid characteristics and construction process data; when the dynamic and static information of the oil reservoir is obtained, the obtained information is interpreted according to drilling, logging, coring, drill rod testing and logging to obtain the lithology, porosity, permeability and oil saturation parameters of the stratum, stratum comparison is carried out, the property and distribution of the oil reservoir are determined, and well mouth coordinates, well deviation correction data, oil reservoir top depth, layering data and small-layer data are collected.
3. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability boundary of the thickened oil stratified steam injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the obtained geological data comprise oil deposit well history and production dynamic data, and particularly comprise well history data, namely production date, perforation well section and operation measures; single well pressure measurement data capable of reflecting the stratum pressure change, the skin coefficient or the static liquid level, the bottom hole flowing pressure or the oil layer flowing liquid level from production to current of each well; producing dynamic data, comprising: daily oil production, daily water production, daily gas production, average gas-oil ratio, water content, accumulated oil, accumulated water and pressure data of an oil well; daily steam injection data of the steam injection well.
4. The method for analysis and evaluation of adaptability boundary of thick oil stratified steam injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the data of the analytical test comprises PVT high pressure physical property data of fluid and rock, original formation pressure, relative permeability curve and capillary pressure, and compression coefficient of formation rock and fluid, and the PVT high pressure physical property data of fluid and rock comprises viscosity, density, volume coefficient, compression coefficient, and original dissolved gas-oil ratio of crude oil and formation water.
5. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, geological influence factors of the stratified steam injection are quantitatively analyzed by establishing an oil reservoir actual model; an oil reservoir digital model is constructed through basic parameters of an oil reservoir, numerical simulation research is carried out, in order to explore thickness grade difference, permeability grade difference, crude oil viscosity grade difference and sensitivity strength of oil-containing saturation grade difference, the strength relation of the thickness grade difference, the permeability grade difference, the crude oil viscosity grade difference and the sensitivity strength of the oil-containing saturation grade difference are judged through an orthogonal test, sensitivity sequencing among single factors is given, and the thickness grade difference > the oil-containing saturation grade difference > the crude oil viscosity grade difference > the permeability grade difference.
6. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, static data and dynamic data are obtained through sorting, oil-water production history is given out, an oil reservoir numerical simulation model is constructed, and flow simulation calculation of oil, gas and water in oil reservoir development is carried out.
7. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thick oil stratified steam injection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the following parameters are obtained through the analysis of interlayer heat distribution, top layer heat distribution and thermal efficiency: (1) the interlayer is thin, and the heat can be released and stored after the heat has a peak value, so that the non-steam injection layer is continuously interfered; (2) the difference between the heat dissipation amount of the top layer and the heat dissipation amount of the bottom layer is large; (3) interlayer thermal interference effect, and double-layer steam injection can improve the thermal efficiency; (4) the relative thickness of the interlayer is reduced or the thickness of the oil layer is increased, so that the heat loss is reduced.
8. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, classification is performed according to reserve factor parameters, flow factor parameters and interference factor parameters respectively, and the relation between the range of each factor parameter and the cumulative oil-steam ratio is researched respectively, wherein the reserve factor parameters comprise porosity, oil saturation and oil layer thickness; flow factor parameters include permeability and crude oil viscosity; the disturbance parameter includes the barrier/reservoir ratio.
9. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step 6, the relationship result of each factor and the cumulative oil-steam ratio is known as follows: the influence sequence of the oil layer reserve change factors is that the porosity is more than or equal to the oil saturation and more than or equal to the oil layer thickness, and the reservoir factor critical value of the layered injection gasoline layer is as follows: the range is greater than 2.8.
10. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thick oil stratified steam injection according to claim 8, wherein in step 6, the flow capability variation factor influences the sequence: the viscosity of crude oil is more than or equal to the permeability of a reservoir, and the flow capacity factor critical value range of a layered steam injection oil layer is as follows: the range is greater than 3.2.
11. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thick oil stratified steam injection according to claim 8, wherein in step 6, the interlayer/oil layer ratio limit defines the standard: the heat loss degree is taken as a standard, the heat loss is not less than 80%, the increase amplitude of the interference-to-oil-gas ratio exceeds 20%, the interlayer/oil layer ratio of the layered steam injection oil layer is required to be more than 0.5, and the interlayer thickness is not less than 2 m.
12. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the thickened oil stratified steam injection according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted for comprehensive evaluation and analysis of factors influencing the stratified thermal recovery development effect, and the basic evaluation step comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a factor discourse domain;
from the research analysis results, influence factor discourse domain U is obtained:
U＝(u1，u2，u3……un) (1-7)
wherein n is the number of factors;
(2) determining an evaluation domain;
V＝(v1，v2，v3，……vm) (1-8)
wherein m is the number of evaluation grades; v is the comment set;
(3) construction evaluation matrix
Quantifying the factors of the factor domain types into membership degrees according to the relationship between the factors and the evaluation indexes, and constructing corresponding evaluation matrixes according to different membership degrees; the evaluation matrix constructed for the single factor is called a single factor evaluation matrix; to construct the evaluation matrix R, the relationship between each factor in the factor domain and each evaluation result index in the evaluation domain is digitally described, so as to quantify the relationship, and the quantified result is converted into the corresponding membership degree RijThereby constructing an evaluation matrix R; according to the ith factor uiThe evaluation made on the evaluation object is called a one-factor evaluation and is recorded as:
ri＝(r11，r12，......，rim) (1-9)
the comprehensive composition of n single-factor matrixes is an evaluation matrix R:
13. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 8, the weight set is an evaluation set comprising weights influenced by the factors, the weights indicate different importance of the factors to the evaluation result, and the weights of the factors are obtained
X＝(x1，x2，x3，......，xn) (1-11)
The weight set determination method is derived from three methods: expert scoring, hierarchical analysis and orthogonal experiment; the method is realized by means of investigation, programming and numerical simulation respectively, the three results have certain reference values, different weight set determination methods are selected according to different conditions, and the effectiveness of the results can be guaranteed better.
14. The method for analyzing and evaluating the adaptability limit of the stratified steam injection of the thickened oil as claimed in claim 13, wherein in step 8, the variation functions of the extreme difference and the extraction degree of the comprehensive evaluation function under the general steam injection and the stratified steam injection are respectively given, the three-factor parameter limit and the limit of the comprehensive evaluation function are determined based on the comprehensive evaluation model,
obtaining a comprehensive evaluation model through fuzzy transformation, and applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model
Making a judgment on
Obtaining the Y-shaped carbon nano-tube by the method,
referred to as the fuzzy transformation, the transformation of the blur,
representing a composition operation;
Y＝(y1，y2，y3，......，ym) (1-12)
according to the maximum membership rule, max (y1, y2, y3, the.
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