CN110604822A - 一种磁性抗菌纳米系统及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种磁性抗菌纳米系统及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种磁性纳米抗菌系统,包括介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子,以及装载于所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子内部的抗菌药物,所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有空心结构和介孔孔道,所述抗菌药物被装载于所述Fe3O4空心纳米粒子的空心结构内、介孔孔道内及外壳上。本发明制备出的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有明显的空心结构可装载大量药物,介孔孔道规则明显可供药物的进入空心空腔和后期药物释放,可依靠载体的强磁靶向性,快速将复合物富集到感染部位并释放增强治疗的靶向性,提高治疗效率、降低毒性及不良反应;同时利用磁流体在交变磁场中的升温特性,对感染进行热疗,与所载抗生素协同作用,进一步提高治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁性抗菌纳米系统及其制备方法,属于生物医用材料技术领域。
背景技术
未经治疗的败血症会导致脂多糖的产生并迅速发展为脓毒症,在某些情况下可导致器官衰竭甚至死亡。因此,如何抑制深部器官和血液中的细菌生长是医学领域的一个重要挑战。
单一药物的使用往往疗效不佳,而且长期使用容易产生耐药性,影响疗效,甚至造成无法治愈的后果。现有的抗生素治疗药物和治疗方法还普遍存在如下缺点:缺少靶向性、全身毒副性。磁靶向性药物载体由于能将药品运送到靶器官或靶细胞,其他部位不受到影响而受到广泛关注。磁靶向抗菌纳米系统与其他的载药系统或普通抗菌制剂相比,具有以下优点:⑴靶向性,可以将药物最大程度的聚集在治疗部位;⑵减少药物用量,在实现治疗目的的同时减少药物使用;⑶提高疗效;⑷降低毒性。
目前,以Fe3O4为基体的磁性药物载体主要把药物通过化学接枝的方法将药物接枝在Fe3O4表面;或者将Fe3O4与有机聚合物相结合,构建具有磁靶向性的药物载体,将药物装载于聚合物体系内;或Fe3O4为内核,其他无机化合物为壳的核壳结构药物载体。这些利用Fe3O4磁靶向性进行改性研究的药物载体,都有以下缺点:⑴由于接枝或者构建过程中聚合物的引入,降低了整个体系的磁响应性;⑵载药率低;⑶药物失效,由于载药过程过于繁杂,药物接触过多的有机物等,导致药物作用官能团变化;⑵减少药物用量,在实现治疗目的的同时减少药物使用;⑶提高疗效;⑷载体降解产物毒性,多数有机聚合物在人体内降解成单体后会产生毒性。
为了解决这一问题,本专利涉及制备的介孔中空Fe3O4纳米颗粒具有规则有序的孔道结构,粒径均一的特点,允许药物分子通过孔道进入或释放药物载体;明显的中空结构可以大量存储药物。此外,载药方法简单且载药量大,载药中药物只需接触一种溶剂,保证了药物活性;在实现高载率的同时,保证了载药系统磁响应性强的特点。在治疗阶段可以实现通过磁介导快速到达治疗部位,并且释放足量的药物。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明目的在于提供一种磁性纳米抗菌系统及其制备方法,特别是一种载药率高适用性强的载药靶向系统的制备方法。所述的磁性抗菌系统具有在靶向区域响应性强、防止药物失活和制备过程简单等有点,既可联合用药提高疗效又可将药物定向输送至病灶且不损伤正常组织,且可实现药物的高量装载和药物稳定的目的。此外,在交变磁场的共同作用下,通过磁热效应和协同缓释药物达到杀菌效果,避免了药物的全身毒副作用。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的方案是:
一种磁性纳米抗菌系统,包括介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子,以及装载于所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子内部的抗菌药物,所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有空心结构和介孔孔道,所述抗菌药物被装载于所述Fe3O4空心纳米粒子的空心结构内、介孔孔道内及外壳上。
优选地,所述抗菌药物为广谱抗生素,优选为疏水性药物链霉素、呋喃唑酮、甲氧西林、卡那霉素中的任意一种;或亲水性药物氯霉素、利福平、氨苄霉素、四环素中的任意一种。
本发明还提供上述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子;
(2)将抗菌药物溶液和所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子按照一定的体积质量比放入容器中混合,通过浸泡搅拌使所述抗菌药物溶液充入所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子空腔内;
(3)动态旋蒸结晶去除所述混合溶剂;
(4)收集并洗涤所述旋蒸结晶得到的样品。
优选地,步骤(1)介孔Fe3O4空去除心纳米粒子的制备方法如下:将质量比为将质量比为1:(2~4):(3~5):(0.2~0.5):(0.1~0.3)的六水合氯化铁、二水合柠檬酸三钠、尿素、第一表面活性剂、第二表面活性剂加入到去离子水中,机械搅拌至完全溶解分散,在温度200-220℃下反应9-12h,冷却,洗涤,真空干燥,得介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒。
优选地,步骤(2)所述抗菌药物溶液为溶于乙腈与丙酮混合溶剂中的疏水性抗生素药物溶液,或溶于去离子水中的亲水性抗菌药物溶液。
优选地,步骤(2)所述抗菌药物溶液的浓度为50-200mg/mL。
优选地,步骤(2)所述抗菌药物溶液和所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子的体积质量比为50-100ml:1g。
优选地,所述第一表面活性剂包括聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇4000中的任一种。
优选地,所述第二表面活性剂包括氨基丙胺二油酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺中的任一种。
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明制备出的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有明显的空心结构可装载大量药物,介孔孔道规则明显可供药物的进入空心空腔和后期药物释放,材料表面由于分子之间的作用力,也具有吸附小分子的作用。
2)本发明利用动态旋蒸结晶的方法可以将抗生素高效地装载入介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子空腔内,避免载药过程中药物失效和载药后磁靶向性降低。
3)所载抗生素具有广泛的杀菌效果,可治疗多种细菌感染;本发明制备的磁性纳米抗菌系统可依靠载体的强磁靶向性,快速将复合物富集到感染部位并释放增强治疗的靶向性,提高治疗效率、降低毒性及不良反应;同时利用磁流体在交变磁场中的升温特性,对感染进行热疗,与所载抗生素协同作用,进一步提高治疗效果。
本发明制备的纳米抗菌系统可以根据需要更换抗菌药物种类,载要方法适用于各种药物;本发明所述的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有良好的生物相容性,在人体内容易被降解,不会对人体产生毒副作用。
附图说明
图1是实施例1及实施例2所得磁性纳米抗菌系统的透射电镜图,其中图1(a)是实施例1所得磁性纳米抗菌系统的透射电镜图,图1(b)是实施例2所得磁性纳米抗菌系统的透射电镜图;
图2是实施例1及实施例2所得磁性纳米抗菌系统的扫描电镜图,其中图2(a)是实施例1所得磁性纳米抗菌系统的扫描电镜图,图2(b)是实施例2所得磁性纳米抗菌系统的扫描电镜图;
图3是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒的粒径测试结果图;
图4是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒的N2吸附-脱吸附实验结果图;
图5是实施例1中CCK-8法检测介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒细胞毒性实验结果;
图6是实施例1的CCK-8法检测纳米抗菌系统细胞毒性实验结果;
图7是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的红外光谱图;
图8是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒发热性能;
图9是实施例1及实施例2制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的热重分析图,其中图9(a)是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的热重分析图,图9(b)是实施例2制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的热重分析图;
图10是实施例1及实施例2制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的磁性能分析结果图,其中图10(a)是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的磁性能分析结果,图10(b)是实施例2制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒载药前后的磁性能分析结果;
图11是实施例1及实施例2制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率,其中图11(a)是实施例1制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率,图11(b)是实施例2制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率;
图12是实施例1及实施例2制备的纳米抗菌系统在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率,其中图12(a)是实施例1制备的纳米抗菌系统在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率,图12(b)是实施例2制备的纳米抗菌系统在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率。
具体实施方式
为更好的理解本发明,下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒的制备,具体步骤如下:
介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒的制备,具体步骤如下:步骤一:称取1mmol六水合氯化铁、1mmol柠檬酸三钠、3mmol尿素加入至20ml去离子水至固体完全溶解后加入1.2g氨基丙胺二油酸酯搅拌0.5h,再加入0.2g聚乙二醇2000至液体粘度为溶液可从滴管成滴坠落不拉丝;将得到的溶液转移至高压反应釜中,在温度200℃下反应12h,自然冷却至室温,离心,先后用水和乙醇洗涤两遍,60℃真空干燥24h得到介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子(HMNPs)。
磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备,具体步骤如下:
步骤二:2.5g利福平溶于乙腈中配成浓度为50mg/mL的利福平药物溶液,将50mL药物溶液和1g步骤一所得的HMNPs放入圆底烧瓶中;先缓慢机械搅拌0.3h,后剧烈搅拌1h使HMNPs空腔内充满药物溶液;将装置置于减压旋蒸仪中,缓慢蒸发溶剂,使抗生素分子动态结晶,待溶剂蒸发完全收集样品,用蒸馏水洗涤残留在颗粒表面的利福平。
对本实施例制得的一种具有加热、显像功能的纳米抗菌系统进行下述性能测试:
1.材料表征
图2表明制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒具有明显空心结构,图3表明制备的纳米颗粒粒径均匀,粒径分布在200nm左右。
红外测试结果见图7,结果表明:载药前在473cm-1处观察到一个峰,归属于Fe3O4的典型谱带,处是Fe-O键特征峰,载药后,1689cm-1和1235cm-1是-COO基团的伸缩振动以及-OCH3导致的2906cm-1处的振动,表明有利福平药物载入介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子中。
图4是N2吸附-脱吸附实验结果,表明制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒具有明显的介孔结构。
图9(a)是本实施例制得的磁靶向双载药递释系统的热重分析图,由图可得知利福平载药率为49.6%。
2.CCK-8法检测实施例1制得的空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒(HMNPs)细胞毒性实验
具体实施步骤如下:
①取对数生长期状态的小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.5),消化后制成2ⅹ104个/mL的细胞悬液。②将细胞悬液加入96孔板中,每孔100μL,置于37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中培养24h。③将实施例1得到的空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒悬浮在DMEM(高糖)细胞培养液(含10%胎牛血清和1%双抗)中,配制成浓度分别为300、500、800、1000μg/mL的粒子悬浮液。④移去96孔板中原有的培养基,每孔加入100μL粒子悬浮液,另设不加空心Fe3O4纳米粒子的空白对照组。置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中作用24h,72h后,吸弃培养液,加入含有10%CCK-8培养液,放入培养箱中孵育2h。⑤摇床上振荡10min后,吸取100μL上清液放在一块新的96孔板中,使用酶标仪检测各孔在450nm的吸光度值(OD值),实验结果见图5。结果表明:不同浓度粒子悬浮液组OD值与空白对照组OD值没有显著性差别,介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有良好的细胞相容性。
3.CCK-8法检测实磁性纳米抗菌系统细胞毒性实验
具体实施步骤如下:
①取对数生长期状态的小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.5),消化后制成2ⅹ104个/ml的细胞悬液。②将细胞悬液加入96孔板中,每孔100μL,置于37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中培养24h。③将实施例1得到的空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒悬浮在DMEM(高糖)细胞培养液(含10%胎牛血清和1%双抗)中,配制成浓度分别为300、500、800、1000μg/mL的粒子悬浮液。④移去96孔板中原有的培养基,每孔加入100μL粒子悬浮液,另设不加相同浓度的磁性纳米抗菌系统的对照和空白对照组。置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中作用48h,72h后,吸弃培养液,加入含有10%CCK-8培养液,放入培养箱中孵育2h。⑤摇床上振荡10min后,吸取100μL上清液放在一块新的96孔板中,使用酶标仪检测各孔在450nm的吸光度值(OD值),实验结果见图6。结果表明:磁性纳米抗菌系统组OD值与空白对照组OD值没有显著性差别,磁性纳米抗菌系统具有良好的细胞相容性。
4.测试空心Fe3O4在交变磁场下的发热性能
具体实施步骤如下:
①将不同浓度的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子(300μg/mL、500μg/mL、800μg/mL和1mg/mL)分散在去离子水中,形成不同浓度的磁流体。②超声分散后,将HMNPs流体暴露在高频感应加热器(WRJ-CGP6KW,万瑞捷,中国)中的交变磁场(p=2.5kW,f=210kHz,i=18A)中30min。③使用数字红外温度计(F62MAX,FULUKE,中国)在5分钟的内部测量溶液的温度。实验结果见图8,结果表明:相比较于去离子水,HMNPs的加入可以使磁流体的温度上升,具有加热功能。
5.涂布平板稀释法检测介孔Fe3O4纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率实验
具体实施步骤如下:
①取对数生长期的大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus),LB(含10g/mL蛋白胨,7g/mL牛肉浸膏和5g/mL NaCl)培养液稀释成1-5×107cfu/mL的菌悬液。②将菌悬液中加入不同浓度(500μg/mL、800μg/mL和1mg/mL)的空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒,暴露于交变磁场20min,设置不加任何浓度的空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒并不暴露与磁场的空白对照。③用PBS梯度稀释交变磁场处理后的菌悬液,并将稀释后的菌悬液在LB琼脂平板上铺展到表面。④24h后,计数活菌落,根据以下方程计算不同处理的抑菌率;抑菌率(%)=实验组的活菌数/空白组的活菌数×100。实验结果见图11(a)。结果表明:空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,浓度为800μg/mL和1mg/mL对大肠杆菌的抑制率在80%以上;800μg/mL和1mg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率在70%以上。
6.涂布平板稀释法检测磁性抗菌纳米系统在交变磁场作用下的抑菌率实验具体实施步骤如下:
①取对数生长期的大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus),LB(含10g/mL蛋白胨,7g/mL牛肉浸膏和5g/mL NaCl)培养液稀释成1-5×107cfu/mL的菌悬液。②将菌悬液中加入不同浓度(500μg/mL、800μg/mL和1mg/mL)的,磁性抗菌纳米系统暴露于交变磁场发20min,设置不加任何浓度的磁性抗菌纳米系统并不暴露与磁场的空白对照。③用PBS梯度稀释交变磁场处理后的菌悬液,并将稀释后的菌悬液在LB琼脂平板上铺展到表面。④24h后,计数活菌落,根据以下方程计算不同处理的抑菌率;抑菌率(%)=实验组的活菌数/空白组的活菌数×100。实验结果见图12(a),结果表明:空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,浓度为800μg/mL和1mg/mL对大肠杆菌的抑制率在98以上;浓度为800μg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率在73%,浓度为1mg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率在94%。
实施例2
介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒的制备,具体步骤如下:
步骤一:称取1mmol六水合氯化铁、4mmol柠檬酸三钠、5mmol尿素加入至20ml去离子水至固体完全溶解后加入2.4g聚丙烯酰胺0.5h,再加入0.6g聚乙二醇4000至液体粘度为溶液可从滴管成滴坠落不拉丝;将得到的溶液转移至高压反应釜中,在温度200℃下反应9h,自然冷却至室温,离心,先后用水和乙醇洗涤两遍,60℃真空干燥24h得到介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒。
磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备,具体步骤如下:
步骤二:2.5g链霉素溶于去离子水中配成浓度为200mg/mL的链霉素药物溶液,将30mL药物溶液和0.3g步骤一所得的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒放入圆底烧瓶中;先缓慢机械搅拌1h,后剧烈搅拌3h使介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒空腔内充满药物溶液;将装置置于减压旋蒸仪中,缓慢蒸发溶剂,使抗生素分子动态结晶,待溶剂蒸发完全收集样品,用蒸馏水洗涤残留在颗粒表面的链霉素。
对实施例2所得磁性纳米抗菌系统进行与实施例1同样条件的测试。
经测定,所制备的介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒具有明显介孔结构和空心结构,所得纳米颗粒粒径均匀。
经测定,所制备的具有加热、显像功能的纳米抗菌系统红外结果表明有链霉素药物载入介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子中。图9(b)是本实施例制得的磁靶向双载药递释系统的热重分析图,由图可得知链霉素载药率为48.28%。
经测定,所制备的具有加热、显像功能的纳米抗菌系统不同浓度粒子悬浮液组OD值与空白对照组OD值没有显著性差别,介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有良好的细胞相容性。
经测定,所制备的具有加热、显像功能的纳米抗菌系统磁性纳米抗菌系统组OD值与空白对照组OD值没有显著性差别,磁性纳米抗菌系统具有良好的细胞相容性。
经测定,相比较于去离子水,介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒的加入可以使磁流体的温度上升,具有加热功能。
经测定,所制备的具有加热、显像功能的纳米抗菌系统空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,浓度为800μg/mL和1mg/mL对大肠杆菌的抑制率在85%以上;800μg/mL和1mg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率分别为69%和94%。
经测定,所制备的具有加热、显像功能的纳米抗菌系统空心Fe3O4纳米颗粒在交变磁场作用下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,浓度为800μg/mL和1mg/mL对大肠杆菌的抑制率在90以上;浓度为800μg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率在73%,浓度为1mg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率在89%。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变动,这些改进和变动也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种磁性纳米抗菌系统,其特征在于,包括介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子,以及装载于所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子内部的抗菌药物,所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子具有空心结构和介孔孔道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统,其特征在于,所述抗菌药物为疏水性药物链霉素、呋喃唑酮、甲氧西林、卡那霉素中的任意一种;或亲水性药物氯霉素、利福平、氨苄霉素、四环素中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子;
(2)将抗菌药物溶液和所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子按照一定的体积质量比放入容器中混合,通过浸泡搅拌使所述抗菌药物溶液充入所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子空腔内;
(3)动态旋蒸结晶去除所述混合溶剂;
(4)收集并洗涤所述旋蒸结晶得到的样品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子的制备方法如下:将质量比为1:(2~4):(3~5):(0.2~0.5):(0.1~0.3)的六水合氯化铁、二水合柠檬酸三钠、尿素、第一表面活性剂、第二表面活性剂加入到去离子水中,机械搅拌至完全溶解分散,在温度200-220℃下反应9-12h,冷却,洗涤,真空干燥,得介孔Fe3O4空心纳米颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述抗菌药物溶液为溶于乙腈与丙酮混合溶剂中的疏水性抗生素药物溶液,或溶于去离子水中的亲水性抗菌药物溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述抗菌药物溶液的浓度为50-200mg/mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述抗菌药物溶液和所述介孔Fe3O4空心纳米粒子的体积质量比为50-100ml:1g。
8.根据权利要求4所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一表面活性剂包括聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇4000中的任一种。
9.根据权利要求4所述的磁性纳米抗菌系统的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二表面活性剂包括氨基丙胺二油酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺中的任一种。
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