CN110604231A - Application of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in laying poultry breeding - Google Patents
Application of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in laying poultry breeding Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and discloses a preparation method of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide. Discloses a laying fowl feed, which contains 0.1-4 per mill of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide by weight. Also discloses an application of the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the breeding of laying poultry, wherein the laying poultry comprises any one of laying hens, laying ducks and laying geese. The laying fowl feed can enhance oxidation resistance and immunity of the laying fowl, reduce the use of antibiotics in the breeding of the laying fowl, and improve the egg laying performance of the laying fowl.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and particularly relates to application of extracellular polysaccharide of bacillus mucilaginosus in laying poultry breeding.
Background
Bacillus mucilaginosus (also called silicate bacteria) is a multifunctional bacteria capable of decomposing silicate minerals and has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving potassium, dissolving phosphorus, decomposing silicate minerals and the like.
The bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is a kind of carbohydrate substances which are generated by bacillus mucilaginosus on a micro-nitrogen culture medium and can be obtained in the reproductive metabolism process of the bacillus mucilaginosus and exist outside cell walls, and has better water solubility and biodegradability. The inherent biocompatibility and apparent non-toxic nature of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharides have prompted their use in medicine for a number of applications. For example, bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharides may be used as scaffolds or matrices in tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound dressings. Therefore, these exopolysaccharides are more attractive and promising than polysaccharides obtained from plants and microalgae.
At present, the bacillus mucilaginosus is also widely applied to the fields of agriculture, industry and the like. In the agricultural field, the fertilizer can not only increase the content of soluble potassium and phosphorus in soil, but also promote plant growth, improve disease resistance, improve soil structure and the like. Organic acid and capsular polysaccharide generated in the growth and metabolism process of the bacillus mucilaginosus enable the bacillus mucilaginosus to have extremely strong capability of salt ions to adsorb and agglomerate soil particles, and after the bacillus mucilaginosus grows and breeds as dominant flora in soil, the effect of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the soil can be achieved.
In the industrial field, the bacillus mucilaginosus can be used as an additive in ceramic manufacture so as to improve the performance of pottery and porcelain; the bacillus mucilaginosus has good development prospect in improving the characteristics of certain mineral materials, particularly the recycling and development of low-grade minerals; the strain is easy to produce polysaccharide capsules under the condition of no nitrogen or large difference between the ratio of a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and has flocculation effect; in the fields of purifying industrial wastewater and the like, the bacillus mucilaginosus can be used as a producing strain of a biological flocculant.
In modern intensive laying poultry breeding, due to the wide use of compound feed, the egg yield of laying poultry is improved, the egg quality is reduced, and the abuse of antibiotics in the breeding process can cause potential harm to the health of people. However, there are few reports on the application of bacillus mucilaginosus to animals, and the method belongs to the field to be researched and developed. Therefore, the safe and reliable components of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide are used as feed additives for the cultivation of laying fowls, and have development prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the application of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the cultivation of laying poultry (such as laying hens, laying ducks and laying geese). The bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is added into the laying fowl feed, so that the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the laying fowl can be enhanced, the use of antibiotics in the breeding of the laying fowl can be reduced, and the effect of improving the egg laying performance of the laying fowl can be achieved.
A method for preparing Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide comprises the steps of strain activation, fermentation and polysaccharide separation.
Preferably, the bacteria are activated by inoculating bacillus mucilaginosus in an activation medium and performing activation in a constant temperature shaking table.
Preferably, the fermentation is to add the activated bacillus mucilaginosus into a fermentation tank for culturing for 75-80h to obtain a bacterial liquid.
Preferably, the polysaccharide is separated by adding ethanol into the bacterial liquid obtained by fermentation, drying and pulverizing to obtain the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide.
A polysaccharide solution comprises Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide and water.
A feed for laying fowl contains Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide.
Preferably, the weight content of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying fowl feed is 0.1-4 per mill.
Further preferably, the weight content of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying fowl feed is 0.5-1 per mill.
The application of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in breeding of laying poultry, wherein the laying poultry comprise any one of laying hens, laying ducks and laying geese.
Preferably, the laying fowl is a laying hen.
By feeding the laying hen feed disclosed by the invention to laying hens and testing the health condition and the egg laying performance of the laying hens, an experimental result shows that the immunity, the oxidation resistance and the egg laying performance of the laying hens can be obviously enhanced by the laying hen feed.
The products obtained in the laying poultry breeding process are egg products instead of meat products, so that the weight of the laying poultry does not need to be rapidly increased, and the health and nutritional requirements of the laying poultry are emphasized to ensure that the laying poultry produces qualified egg products. The bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide can be used as an excellent feed additive and applied to the production of laying poultry feed. The laying fowl feed is used for breeding the laying fowl, so that the health of the laying fowl can be ensured, the use of antibiotics and other medicines can be reduced, and the laying fowl can continuously produce high-quality egg products.
The bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide can also be applied to meat poultry cultivation, so that the fatality rate of the meat poultry is reduced by improving the immunity of the meat poultry, and the abuse of antibiotics in the cultivation process is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the laying fowl feed can enhance the immunity and the oxidation resistance of the laying fowl;
(2) the laying fowl feed can avoid the abuse of antibiotics and other medicines in the laying fowl cultivation, can ensure the safety of egg products, and effectively control the potential harm of antibiotic residue in the egg products to the health of people;
(3) the laying poultry feed can improve the egg laying performance of the laying poultry and improve the quality of egg products.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
Example 1
Preparation method of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide
1. Activating strains: weighing 15.00g of sucrose, 0.35g of potassium chloride, 0.25g of magnesium sulfate, 2.00g of ammonium sulfate and 1.50g of calcium carbonate, dissolving with heated water, diluting to a constant volume of 1000mL, subpackaging in 4 triangular flasks with 500mL, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling, inoculating a proper amount of bacillus mucilaginosus into a super clean bench, and putting into a constant temperature shaking table for culturing for 2 days for activation. The temperature in the constant temperature shaking table is 34 ℃, and the oscillation frequency is 200 r/min. Wherein the Bacillus mucilaginosus is purchased from Beijing Beinana Chuanglian Biotech limited;
2. fermentation: 600.00g of sucrose, 14.00g of potassium chloride, 10.00g of magnesium sulfate, 80.00g of ammonium sulfate and 60.00g of calcium carbonate are weighed and added into a fermentation tank, water is added to the fermentation tank to be constant volume of 35L, and the pH value is adjusted to be 7.50. Sterilizing the fermentation tank at 121 deg.C for 30 min, cooling to 34 deg.C, inoculating activated strain under flame protection, adjusting pH with sterilized 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting air flow and rotation speed, and supplementing with 30% glucose solution for 3 times (1L each time). Fermenting and culturing for 80h, and when the bacterial liquid is viscous, putting the bacterial liquid into a tank.
3. Polysaccharide separation: mixing the bacterial liquid and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the proportion of 1: 3, the final ethanol concentration is 75 percent, the mixture is kept stand for 1h at room temperature, the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is fully precipitated and killed, precipitates are collected, and the precipitates are pulverized after being frozen and dried at minus 80 ℃, so that the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is obtained.
Example 2
A laying fowl feed contains Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide prepared in example 1, wherein the mass fraction of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying fowl feed is 0.6 ‰.
The preparation method of the laying poultry feed comprises the following steps: the laying hen feed No. 138 (purchased from Hao Chang Biotech Co., Ltd., Jiangmen, Guangdong province) was sufficiently stirred with only the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide obtained in example 1 added thereto to obtain a laying hen feed.
Example 3
A laying fowl feed contains Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide prepared in example 1, wherein the mass fraction of the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying fowl feed is 3 per mill.
The preparation method of the laying poultry feed comprises the following steps: the laying hen feed No. 138 (purchased from Hao Chang Biotech Co., Ltd., Jiangmen, Guangdong province) was sufficiently stirred with only the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide obtained in example 1 added thereto to obtain a laying hen feed.
Example 4
The laying fowl feed prepared in the embodiment 2 is applied to laying hen breeding.
A 267-day old american helvetia variety of layers 1355 were randomly selected and set as the TP group (bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide group). And (3) adaptively culturing the TP group for 9 days by using No. 138 basal feed, counting and analyzing egg laying conditions every day, and starting formal feeding after determining that the data have no significant difference. The regular feeding time is 31 days, the laying hens prepared in the example 2 are fed with the feed at 5 am, 11 pm and 5 pm every day, the laying hens feed freely, the illumination time is set from 5 am to 9 pm, the daily management of the laying hens refers to the feeding method of the common laying hens, and the number of fatalities and the egg laying condition of the laying hens in the TP group are recorded every day.
Example 5
The laying fowl feed prepared in example 3 is applied to laying hen breeding.
Randomly selecting 100 laying hens of 267-day-old American hainan grey variety, adaptively culturing the laying hens for 9 days by using No. 138 basic feed, counting the egg laying condition every day, analyzing and determining that the data have no significant difference, and then starting formal feeding. The regular feeding time is 31 days, the laying hens are fed with the laying bird feed prepared in the example 3 at 5 am, 11 pm and 5 pm every day, the laying hens feed freely, the illumination time is set to be 5 am to 9 pm, the daily management of the laying hens refers to the feeding method of common laying hens, and the number of fatalities and the laying situation of the laying hens are recorded every day.
Comparative example 1
1355 American halan grey variety laying hens aged 267 days were randomly selected and set as CK group (blank control group). And (3) adaptively culturing the CK group for 9 days by using No. 138 basal feed, counting and analyzing egg laying conditions every day, and starting formal feeding after determining that the data have no significant difference. The formal feeding time is 31 days, the 138 # basic feed is fed at 5 am, 11 pm and 5 pm every day, laying hens eat freely, the illumination time is set from 5 am to 9 pm, the daily management of the laying hens refers to the feeding method of common laying hens, and the fatality number and the egg laying condition of the laying hens in the CK group are recorded every day.
Product effectiveness testing
The TP group in the example 4 and the CK group in the comparative example 1 are subjected to test analysis and comparison of multiple indexes, statistical analysis is carried out by SPSS 21.0 software, single-factor variance analysis is adopted for the difference comparison among multiple groups, and a Duncan method (Duncan method) is adopted for multiple comparison. The influence result of adding bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide into the feed on the laying hens is obtained, and the specific influence result is as follows:
1. influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on serum immunity index of laying hens
After formal feeding is finished, randomly drawing 15 laying hens in TP group and CK group, taking blood through chicken wing veins, placing the chicken blood in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standing for 4h, then centrifuging for 10min at 12000r/min, and collecting serum for later use. Then, the egg yolk immunoglobulin IgY content, the immunoglobulin IgM content and the immunoglobulin IgA content in the chicken serum are detected by using a kit of Shanghai enzyme-linked organisms. Statistical analysis of the data was performed and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of exopolysaccharides of Bacillus mucilaginosus on serum immunity index of layer chicken: (n＝15)
Note: the same column of values contains different lower case letters indicating significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters indicating significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the CK group (blank control group), the content of immunoglobulin IgM in the serum of the laying hens of the TP group (Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide group) is improved by 26.4%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, the content of immunoglobulin IgA in the serum of the laying hens in TP group is improved by 30.9%, and the difference reaches an obvious level (P is less than 0.05); compared with CK group, the content of yolk immunoglobulin IgY in the serum of the laying hens in TP group is improved by 0.7 percent, but the difference is not obvious. The content of 3 types of immune globulin in the serum of the laying hens is contrastively analyzed, and the result shows that the feed is added with the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide, so that the feed has a good effect of enhancing the immunity of the laying hens.
2. Influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on weight and organ index of laying hens
After the formal feeding is finished, 15 laying hens in the TP group and the CK group are randomly extracted from each group, and the weight of the laying hens in each group is weighed. After bleeding from chicken wing vein, sacrifice, liver and spleen were weighed and data were statistically analyzed. The liver index is: liver index is liver weight (g)/body weight (g) × 100%, spleen index is spleen weight (mg)/body weight (10g) × 100%. The results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharides on egg chicken body weight and organ index: (n＝15)
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the CK group, the spleen index of the laying hens in the TP group is increased by 25%, the difference reaches a significant level (P is less than 0.05), and the spleen is the largest immune organ of the organism, so that the result has important significance; the weights of the laying hens in the TP group and the CK group are basically not different, so that the fact that the addition of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying hen feed basically does not influence the weight of the laying hens and does not have a weight gain effect is proved; the liver indexes of the laying hens in the TP group are basically not different from those of the CK group, which indicates that bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide cannot influence the liver indexes of the laying hens.
3. Influence of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on disease number of laying hens
The total fatality number and the fatality rate of two groups of laying hens (CK group and TP group) during the formal feeding period are counted, and the results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of gellan gum on mortality of laying hens (n ═ 1355)
As can be seen from Table 3, the mortality of the laying hens in the TP group is reduced by 11 times compared with the CK group, and the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is proved to be capable of obviously reducing the mortality of the laying hens. Therefore, by feeding the laying fowl feed added with bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide, the immunity of the laying fowl can be effectively enhanced to reduce the fatality rate, and the use of antibiotics in the laying fowl cultivation is reduced.
4. Influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on anti-oxidation index of laying hen serum
After the formal feeding is finished, randomly drawing 15 laying hens in TP group and CK group, taking blood through chicken wing veins, placing the chicken blood in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standing for 4h, and then centrifuging for 10 minutes at 12000 r/min. Then, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in serum are detected by using a kit of Nanjing institute of bioengineering. Statistical analysis of the data was performed and the results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 influence of exopolysaccharides of Bacillus mucilaginosus on the antioxidant index of egg-laying hen serum: (n＝15)
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the CK group, the SOD activity in the serum of the TP group layer-chicken is improved by 61.7%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, T-AOC in serum of TP group egg chicken is improved by 42.8%, and difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, the content of MDA in the serum of the laying hens in TP group is reduced by 21.7%, and the difference reaches a significant level (P is less than 0.05); compared with CK group, the activity of GSH-PX in TP group egg chicken serum is improved by 11.4%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01). The four indexes jointly show that the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide has a good effect of improving the oxidation resistance of the laying hens.
5. Influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on laying hen liver antioxidant index
After formal feeding is finished, randomly extracting 15 laying hens in TP group and CK group, taking livers after sacrifice, mixing the livers with physiological saline at a ratio of 1 g: 9mL of the mixture was mixed, and the mixture was homogenized by a homogenizer at 23000r/min for 30 seconds in an ice bath to obtain a homogenate. Centrifuging the homogenate for 10min at 4 ℃ and 12000r/min, taking the supernatant for later use, and detecting the activity of chicken serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and the activity of Catalase (CAT) by using a kit of Nanjing institute of bioengineering. Statistical analysis of the data was performed and the results are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 influence of exopolysaccharides from Bacillus mucilaginosus on the liver antioxidant index of egg-laying hens: (n＝15)
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the CK group, the liver SOD activity of the laying hens in the TP group is improved by 25.6%, and the difference reaches a significant level (P is less than 0.05); compared with CK group, T-AOC in the liver of the laying hens in TP group is improved by 19.7%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, the MDA content in the liver of the laying hens in TP group is reduced by 34.0%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, the activity of GSH-PX in the liver of the laying hens in TP group is improved by 47.6%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, CAT activity in the liver of laying hens in TP group is improved by 24.7%, and difference reaches significant level (P is less than 0.05). Five indexes show that the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide has good effect on improving the oxidation resistance of the liver of the laying hen.
6. Influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on serum lipid related indexes of laying hens
After formal feeding is finished, randomly drawing 15 laying hens in TP group and CK group, taking blood from chicken wing vein, placing the chicken blood in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standing for 4h, centrifuging for 10min at 12000r/min, and collecting serum for later use. Then, the kit of Nanjing institute of bioengineering is used for detecting the Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of the laying hens. Statistical analysis of the data was performed, and the results are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 influence of exopolysaccharides of Bacillus mucilaginosus on serum lipid-related indices of egg-laying hens: (n＝15)
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the CK group, the content of TG in serum of laying hens in the TP group is reduced by 23.4%, and the difference reaches a significant level (P is less than 0.05); compared with CK group, TC content in the serum of the layer chicken in TP group is reduced by 3.4%, but the difference is not significant; compared with CK group, the content of HDL-C in the serum of TP group egg chicken is reduced by 4.9%, but the difference is not significant; compared with CK group, the LDL-C content in the serum of TP group layer chicken is reduced by 11.0%, but the difference is not significant. The four indexes show that the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide has a certain effect of reducing the blood fat level of the laying hens.
7. Influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on related indexes of laying hen liver lipid
After formal feeding is finished, randomly extracting 15 laying hens in TP group and CK group, taking livers after sacrifice, mixing the livers with frozen absolute ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 1 g: mixing at a ratio of 9mL, and homogenizing with a homogenizer at 23000r/min in ice bath for 30s to obtain a homogenate. Centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 4500r/min for 10min, and collecting supernatant. Then, the kit of Nanjing institute of bioengineering was used to detect the Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents in chicken serum, and statistical analysis was performed on the data, and the results are shown in Table 7:
TABLE 7 influence of exopolysaccharides of Bacillus mucilaginosus on liver lipid-related indices of egg-laying hens: (n＝15)
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 7, compared with the CK group, the content of TG in the liver of the laying hens in the TP group is reduced by 20.5%, and the difference reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01); compared with CK group, TC content in the liver of the laying hens in TP group is reduced by 9.2%, but the difference is not obvious; compared with CK group, the HDL-C content in the liver of the laying hens in TP group is reduced by 2.8%, but the difference is not significant; compared with CK group, the LDL-C content of the liver of the laying hens in TP group is reduced by 2.8%, but the difference is not significant. The four indexes show that the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide has a certain effect of reducing the liver lipid level of the laying hens.
8. Influence of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on egg laying performance of laying hens
The eggs laid by the CK group and TP group from day 12 to day 31 of the formal feeding period were statistically analyzed, and the average daily egg laying results are shown in Table 8:
TABLE 8 influence of gellan gum on egg production by layers ((n＝1355)
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
As can be seen from table 8, the following results were obtained by analyzing and comparing the eggs laid by the CK group and the TP group on the last 20 days of the regular feeding period: compared with the CK group, the egg yield in the TP group is improved by 1.34%, the difference reaches the maximum significance (P is less than 0.01), and the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide can improve the egg yield qualification number of the Hailang grey laying hens to a certain extent and has statistical significance; the egg failure rate in the TP group was reduced by 42.9% compared to the CK group, but there was no significant difference; compared with CK group, the total egg production number of TP group is increased by 0.99%, but there is no significant difference; compared with CK group, the qualified quality of egg laying in TP group is higher, and the unqualified quality of egg laying is reduced by 34.1%, and the difference reaches a significant level (P < 0.05). Therefore, the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide has a certain effect of improving the egg laying performance of the laying hens.
9. Influence of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on egg protein content
According to GB5009.5-2016/1 (determination of protein in food safety national standard food), the crude protein content of eggs laid by laying hens in CK group and TP group is determined by Foss-8400 full-automatic Kai type azotometer, each group is determined twice, SD represents standard deviation, and the results are shown in Table 9:
TABLE 9 determination of crude protein in egg
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
From table 9, it can be seen that: the two measured values of the crude protein content in the eggs in the TP group are respectively 12.99g/100g and 13.04g/100g, the two measured values of the crude protein content in the eggs in the CK group are respectively 12.99g/100g and 12.84g/100g, and the measurement error is far better than the measurement error specified by the national standard (the absolute value of the difference of the two independent measurement results cannot exceed 10 percent of the arithmetic mean value). Compared with CK group, the crude protein content in eggs in TP group is increased by 9.32%, and the difference reaches a significant level (P < 0.01).
10. Influence of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on content of amino acid in eggs
According to GB5009.124-2016 (determination of amino acids in food safety national standard), 16 amino acid contents of eggs are detected by a Sykans-433d full-automatic amino acid analyzer, the 16 amino acid contents of eggs in TP group and CK group are calculated by an external standard method, each group is determined twice, SD represents standard deviation, and the detection results are shown in Table 10:
TABLE 10 determination of amino acids in eggs
Note: the same column of values with different lower case letters represents significant difference (P <0.05) and different upper case letters represents very significant difference (P < 0.01).
After the formal feeding is finished, the amino acid content of the eggs laid by the laying hens in the TP group and the CK group is detected, and the amino acid content can be known from the following table 10: the two measured values of the 16 amino acids of the eggs laid by the laying hens in the TP group and the two measured values of the 16 amino acids of the eggs in the blank control CK group are far better than the measurement error specified by the national standard (the absolute value of the difference of the two independent measurement results cannot exceed 12 percent of the arithmetic mean value). The content of 16 amino acids in eggs in the TP group is higher than that in the CK group, wherein the difference of the content of tyrosine (Tyr) reaches a significant level (P <0.05), and the difference of the content of proline (Pro) reaches a very significant level (P < 0.01). Therefore, the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide has a certain effect of improving the amino acid content of eggs laid by laying hens.
By analyzing and comparing the layer chickens in the TP group in the example 4 with the layer chickens in the example 5, the result shows that the layer chickens in the example 5 have better health condition and egg laying performance, which is specifically shown as follows: compared with the laying hens in the TP group in the example 4, the total immunoglobulin (IgA, IgY and IgM) of the laying hens in the example 5 is improved by 8.5 percent; the spleen index is improved by 6.5 percent; the antioxidant index in serum and liver is improved, while the lipid level is slightly reduced; the crude protein of the produced eggs is improved by 3.2 percent. Therefore, with the increase of the addition amount of bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying poultry feed, the promotion effect on the health condition and the egg laying performance of the laying poultry is better.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is characterized in that the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide is prepared by strain activation, fermentation and polysaccharide separation.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activation is carried out by inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus in an activation medium and activating in a constant temperature shaker.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation step comprises adding the activated Bacillus mucilaginosus into a fermentation tank and culturing for 75-80h to obtain a bacterial solution.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide is separated by adding ethanol to the fermented solution, drying, and pulverizing to obtain Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide.
5. A polysaccharide solution comprising the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide produced by any one of claims 1 to 4 and water.
6. A laying fowl feed comprising the Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide produced according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
7. The laying fowl feed according to claim 6, wherein the content of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying fowl feed is 0.1-4 ‰.
8. The laying fowl feed according to claim 6, wherein the content of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the laying fowl feed is 0.5-1 ‰.
9. The application of the bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide in the breeding of laying poultry is characterized in that the laying poultry comprise any one of laying hens, laying ducks and laying geese.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the laying fowl is a laying hen.
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