CN110598975B - Typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for distribution network line - Google Patents
Typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for distribution network line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for distribution network lines, which comprises the following steps: s1, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, acquiring related data, performing distribution network single line diagram mode conversion, and generating a distribution network information ledger data sheet; s2, dividing the distribution network line into a plurality of feeder groups according to a distribution network information ledger data sheet; s3, classifying the feeder groups according to the characteristics, application logic and key information of the typical wiring groups; s4, performing typical wiring group classification counting according to the output feeder group type, counting typical wiring conditions and outputting data; and S5, collecting the data output by the S4 to generate a typical wiring group analysis report. The invention has the following advantages: 1. the method reduces the burden of planning personnel and basic-level power supply station service personnel, and has the characteristics of high real-time performance, high accuracy and high efficiency; 2. the types of the feeder groups of the distribution network are comprehensively disclosed, and the improvement of the production operation management level is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of distribution network production operation analysis, in particular to a typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for distribution network lines.
Background
For the improvement join in marriage net power supply reliability, join in marriage net twine way and lead to losing the user more when avoiding joining in marriage net trouble, generally can carry out the segmentation to joining in marriage net twine way through section switch, realize joining in marriage net twine way with other through setting up the ring network point and carry out the contact power supply. When various faults of the distribution network line occur, fault points are isolated through the section switches, and then quick power restoration is realized for users in a non-fault area through ring closing network points. Therefore, in order to ensure the power supply reliability of the distribution network line users, the flexibility of daily production and operation of the distribution network net rack and the rapid power restoration when a fault occurs, one or more ring network points are arranged on the distribution network line to communicate with different lines.
When distribution network planning and line contact condition analysis are carried out, lines with direct or indirect contact of distribution network lines are divided into the same feeder group, a distribution network net rack is analyzed by taking the feeder group as a unit, meanwhile, different feeder groups are connected according to typical connection, and the typical connection of the distribution network lines is required to be analyzed according to what types.
However, the distribution network line points are wide and multi-faceted, the scale is large, the structure is complex, the number of ring network points is large, the contact relationship is complex, manual analysis of the feeder group needs to be carried out by classifying, screening, dividing and defining one by one according to a distribution network single line diagram, a distribution network ring network diagram or a topological relationship, the efficiency of manual analysis of the feeder group and a typical wiring group is very low, and the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy exist in the analysis of the feeder group and the typical wiring classification. Therefore, the technology for intelligently diagnosing the typical wiring of the feeder line group can divide the typical wiring type of the feeder line group, and the technology can fully automatically analyze and divide the typical wiring type of the feeder line group has urgent needs and profound significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims at the problems that in the prior art, distribution network lines are wide in points, large in scale, complex in structure, more ring network points and complex in contact relation, manual analysis of feeder groups needs to be carried out by classifying, screening, dividing and defining the feeder groups one by one according to a distribution network single line diagram, a distribution network ring network diagram or topological relation, manual analysis of the feeder groups and typical wiring groups is very low in efficiency, and analysis of the feeder groups and typical wiring classification are low in efficiency and accuracy.
The invention provides a typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for a distribution network line, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, acquiring related data, performing distribution network single line diagram mode conversion, and generating a distribution network information ledger data sheet;
s2, dividing the distribution network line into a plurality of feeder groups according to a distribution network information ledger data sheet;
s3, classifying the feeder groups according to the characteristics, application logic and key information of the typical wiring groups;
s4, performing typical wiring group classification counting aiming at the feeder group classification output in the S3, counting typical wiring conditions and outputting data;
and S5, collecting the data output by the S4 to generate a typical wiring group analysis report.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, and automatically generating a distribution network line single line diagram XML (extensible markup language) diagram model, wherein the XML diagram model comprises the connection relation of distribution network line equipment and equipment ledger data;
s12, analyzing the distribution network ring network switch and corresponding lines on two sides to which the distribution network ring network switch belongs through an XML graph model;
and S13, generating a distribution network information account data table based on the ring network switch information and the line information on the two sides of the ring network switch information.
In a preferred scheme, in S2, the distribution network lines with direct or indirect connections are divided into a feeder group, and the specific steps are as follows:
s21, starting analysis from a first record in the distribution network information ledger data sheet, setting a first distribution network line as A, analyzing distribution network lines connected with the distribution network information ledger data sheet as B and C according to the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record connected with A and B, C as analyzed;
s22, analyzing distribution network lines E and F communicated with the distribution network line B from the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record of communication between the distribution network line B and the distribution network line E, F as analyzed;
s23, analyzing distribution network lines D and F communicated with the distribution network line C from the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record of communication between the distribution network line C and the distribution network line D, F as analyzed;
and S24, the distribution network lines A, B, C, D, E and F are defined as a feeder group.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S3 includes the following steps:
according to the identification and analysis of all lines in the feeder group, the feeder group is divided into two types of overhead and cable according to typical wiring group arrangement, and the overhead is overhead single connection, overhead two connection and overhead three connection respectively; the cable lines are respectively two-supply one-standby, three-supply one-standby, '2-1' single ring network, '3-1' single ring network, except the typical wiring group classification, other non-classified wiring groups are classified as atypical wiring groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the typical patch group feature compiling feeder group definition logic is as follows:
overhead single-contact logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 2, and all the ring network switches are column switches;
overhead two-contact logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 3, all the looped network switches are column switches, and at least one loop line is provided with two looped network points;
overhead triple networking logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 4, all the looped network switches are column switches, and at least one loop line has three looped network points;
two supply and one standby logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 3, and all the ring network switches are in one electric room;
three supply and one standby logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 4, and all the ring network switches are in one electric room;
"2-1" single ring logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 2, and the lines except the overhead single connection are connected;
3-1 single ring logic: the number of the feed line group lines is 3 or 4, and each line has two loop points except two-supply one-standby, three-supply one-standby, overhead two-connection and overhead three-connection;
atypical patch group logic: feeder groups that do not fit the above classification are all defined as atypical patch groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S3 includes the following steps:
s31, judging whether the overhead single connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead single connection feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead single-connection feeder group, and the step S32 is entered;
s32, judging whether the overhead dual-connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead dual-connection feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead double-connection feeder group, and the step enters S33;
s33, judging whether the overhead triple-connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead triple-connection feeder group, outputting related data and the condition of the feeder group, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead triple-network feeder group, and the process proceeds to S34:
s34, judging whether two-supply one-standby logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if yes, defining the feeder group as two-supply one-standby feeder groups, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder line group is not a spare feeder line group for two supply lines, and the process goes to S35;
s35, judging whether the three-supply one-standby logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as a three-supply one-standby feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not a three-supply one-standby feeder group, and the process proceeds to S36
S36, judging whether the single-ring network logic of '2-1' is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as a feeder group of '2-1' single-ring network, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the '2-1' single-ring network feeder group, and the S37 is entered;
s37 judging whether the logic accords with the 3-1 single ring network logic according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as the 3-1 single ring network feeder group, outputting the relevant data and the condition of the feeder group, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the 3-1 single-ring network feeder group, and the S38 is entered;
and S38, for the feeder line group which does not meet the definition rule, defining the feeder line group as atypical wiring, and entering S4.
In a preferred embodiment, the analysis report of the typical wiring set in S5 includes the following data:
the method comprises the following steps of typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a power supply station, typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a local area, typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a global area, specific lists of various typical wiring groups and proportion condition statistics of various typical wiring groups.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the distribution network line typical wiring intelligent diagnosis method has the advantages that the whole process is automatically judged and analyzed, manual participation is not needed in the whole process, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, the analysis of each feeder group of each line is transited to the comprehensive analysis of 'robot substitute', and the distribution network line typical wiring intelligent diagnosis method has the characteristics of high effectiveness, high accuracy, high efficiency and the like; the method has obvious advantages compared with manual analysis in the process of distribution network production and operation, wherein the typical wiring group distribution and the typical wiring condition need to be analyzed.
2. The typical wiring intelligent diagnosis method for the distribution network lines can comprehensively reveal that each feeder group of the distribution network belongs to a typical wiring type or a non-typical wiring type, and can accurately divide the typical wiring to which the feeder group of the typical wiring type belongs, so that a typical wiring distribution condition and a detailed list with high accuracy and high effectiveness are provided when distribution network planning investment is faced, and the emphasis on distribution network investment is facilitated; the operation and maintenance can be focused on the typical wiring category with lower power supply reliability in the face of production operation, and the improvement of the production operation management level is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method schematic diagram of a typical wiring diagnostic analysis method for distribution network lines provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a specific method of a typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for a distribution network line provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and are used for illustration only, and should not be construed as limiting the patent. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a working process principle of the method, and a data interface is automatically established from a distribution network single line diagram, a distribution network ring network diagram and other related systems to acquire a graphic file, so that the distribution network single line diagram-to-module conversion is realized, information such as a distribution network ring network switch and corresponding lines on two sides to which the distribution network ring network switch belongs is analyzed, information of the ring network switch and the lines on the two sides of the ring network switch is analyzed, and a distribution network information ledger data table is automatically generated. Analyzing the distribution network ring network account information by using a distribution network information account data table to form a database; and carrying out intelligent analysis on distribution network feeder groups on the database, and dividing a distribution network line with direct or indirect connection into a feeder group. Meanwhile, typical wiring group intelligent definition is carried out, and feeder line group division is defined according to characteristics, application logic and key information of each typical wiring group. The method comprises the steps of applying the programmed typical wiring group logic, intelligently analyzing a feeder group database, analyzing all data in a feeder group, dividing the data into atypical wiring groups or typical wiring groups, and classifying the specific typical wiring groups. And finally, generating a typical wiring group analysis report, wherein the report comprises typical wiring group analysis reports with different dimensions, including typical wiring group distribution condition statistics of power supply station dimensions, regional dimension and global dimension, specific lists of each typical wiring group and proportion condition statistics of each typical wiring group.
Example 2
The typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for the distribution network line provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and a flow chart of the method is shown in fig. 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, acquiring related data, performing distribution network single line diagram mode conversion, and generating a distribution network information ledger data sheet;
s2, dividing the distribution network line into a plurality of feeder groups according to a distribution network information ledger data sheet;
s3, classifying the feeder groups according to the characteristics, application logic and key information of the typical wiring groups;
s4, performing typical wiring group classification counting aiming at the feeder group classification output in the S3, counting typical wiring conditions and outputting data;
and S5, collecting the data output by the S4 to generate a typical wiring group analysis report.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, and automatically generating a distribution network line single line diagram XML (extensible markup language) diagram model, wherein the XML diagram model comprises the connection relation of distribution network line equipment and equipment ledger data;
s12, analyzing the distribution network ring network switch and corresponding lines on two sides to which the distribution network ring network switch belongs through an XML graph model;
and S13, generating a distribution network information account data table based on the ring network switch information and the line information on the two sides of the ring network switch information.
In a preferred scheme, in S2, the distribution network lines with direct or indirect connections are divided into a feeder group, and the specific steps are as follows:
s21, starting analysis from a first record in the distribution network information ledger data sheet, setting a first distribution network line as A, analyzing distribution network lines connected with the distribution network information ledger data sheet as B and C according to the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record connected with A and B, C as analyzed;
s22, analyzing distribution network lines E and F communicated with the distribution network line B from the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record of communication between the distribution network line B and the distribution network line E, F as analyzed;
s23, analyzing distribution network lines D and F communicated with the distribution network line C from the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record of communication between the distribution network line C and the distribution network line D, F as analyzed;
and S24, the distribution network lines A, B, C, D, E and F are defined as a feeder group.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S3 includes the following steps:
according to the identification and analysis of all lines in the feeder group, the feeder group is divided into two types of overhead and cable according to typical wiring group arrangement, and the overhead is overhead single connection, overhead two connection and overhead three connection respectively; the cable lines are respectively two-supply one-standby, three-supply one-standby, '2-1' single ring network, '3-1' single ring network, except the typical wiring group classification, other non-classified wiring groups are classified as atypical wiring groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the typical patch group feature compiling feeder group definition logic is as follows:
overhead single-contact logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 2, and all the ring network switches are column switches;
overhead two-contact logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 3, all the looped network switches are column switches, and at least one loop line is provided with two looped network points;
overhead triple networking logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 4, all the looped network switches are column switches, and at least one loop line has three looped network points;
two supply and one standby logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 3, and all the ring network switches are in one electric room;
three supply and one standby logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 4, and all the ring network switches are in one electric room;
"2-1" single ring logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 2, and the lines except the overhead single connection are connected;
3-1 single ring logic: the number of the feed line group lines is 3 or 4, and each line has two loop points except two-supply one-standby, three-supply one-standby, overhead two-connection and overhead three-connection;
atypical patch group logic: feeder groups that do not fit the above classification are all defined as atypical patch groups.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S3 includes the following steps:
s31, judging whether the overhead single connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead single connection feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead single-connection feeder group, and the step S32 is entered;
s32, judging whether the overhead dual-connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead dual-connection feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead double-connection feeder group, and the step enters S33;
s33, judging whether the overhead triple-connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead triple-connection feeder group, outputting related data and the condition of the feeder group, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead triple-network feeder group, and the process proceeds to S34:
s34, judging whether two-supply one-standby logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if yes, defining the feeder group as two-supply one-standby feeder groups, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder line group is not a spare feeder line group for two supply lines, and the process goes to S35;
s35, judging whether the three-supply one-standby logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as a three-supply one-standby feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not a three-supply one-standby feeder group, and the process proceeds to S36
S36, judging whether the single-ring network logic of '2-1' is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as a feeder group of '2-1' single-ring network, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the '2-1' single-ring network feeder group, and the S37 is entered;
s37 judging whether the logic accords with the 3-1 single ring network logic according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as the 3-1 single ring network feeder group, outputting the relevant data and the condition of the feeder group, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the 3-1 single-ring network feeder group, and the S38 is entered;
and S38, for the feeder line group which does not meet the definition rule, defining the feeder line group as atypical wiring, and entering S4.
In a preferred embodiment, the analysis report of the typical wiring set in S5 includes the following data:
the method comprises the following steps of typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a power supply station, typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a local area, typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a global area, specific lists of various typical wiring groups and proportion condition statistics of various typical wiring groups.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A typical wiring diagnosis and analysis method for distribution network lines is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, acquiring related data, performing distribution network single line diagram mode conversion, and generating a distribution network information ledger data sheet;
s2, dividing the distribution network line into a plurality of feeder groups according to a distribution network information ledger data sheet;
s3, classifying the feeder groups according to the characteristics, application logic and key information of the typical wiring groups;
s4, performing typical wiring group classification counting aiming at the feeder group classification output in the S3, counting typical wiring conditions and outputting data;
s5, collecting data output by the S4 to generate a typical wiring group analysis report;
the S1 includes the following steps:
s11, establishing a data interface from a distribution network single line diagram and a distribution network ring network diagram system, and generating a distribution network line single line diagram XML graph model, wherein the XML graph model comprises the connection relation of distribution network line equipment and equipment account data;
s12, analyzing the distribution network ring network switch and corresponding lines on two sides to which the distribution network ring network switch belongs through an XML graph model;
s13, generating a distribution network information ledger data sheet based on the ring network switch information and the line information on the two sides of the ring network switch information;
according to the identification and analysis of all lines in the feeder group, the feeder group is divided into two types of overhead and cable according to typical wiring group arrangement, and the overhead is overhead single connection, overhead two connection and overhead three connection respectively; the cable lines are respectively two-supply one-standby, three-supply one-standby, '2-1' single ring network, '3-1' single ring network, except according with the typical wiring group classification, other non-conforming with the classification are classified as atypical wiring groups;
the typical patch group feature compiling feeder group definition logic is as follows:
overhead single-contact logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 2, and all the ring network switches are column switches;
overhead two-contact logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 3, all the looped network switches are column switches, and at least one loop line is provided with two looped network points;
overhead triple networking logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 4, all the looped network switches are column switches, and at least one loop line has three looped network points;
two supply and one standby logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 3, and all the ring network switches are in one electric room;
three supply and one standby logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 4, and all the ring network switches are in one electric room;
"2-1" single ring logic: the number of the feeder group lines is 2, and the lines except the overhead single connection are connected;
3-1 single ring logic: the number of the feed line group lines is 3 or 4, and each line has two loop points except two-supply one-standby, three-supply one-standby, overhead two-connection and overhead three-connection;
atypical patch group logic: feeder line groups which do not conform to the above classification are all defined as atypical wiring groups;
the S3 includes the following steps:
s31, judging whether the overhead single connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead single connection feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead single-connection feeder group, and the step S32 is entered;
s32, judging whether the overhead dual-connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead dual-connection feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead double-connection feeder group, and the step enters S33;
s33, judging whether the overhead triple-connection logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as an overhead triple-connection feeder group, outputting related data and the condition of the feeder group, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the overhead triple-network feeder group, and the process proceeds to S34:
s34, judging whether two-supply one-standby logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if yes, defining the feeder group as two-supply one-standby feeder groups, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder line group is not a spare feeder line group for two supply lines, and the process goes to S35;
s35, judging whether the three-supply one-standby logic is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as a three-supply one-standby feeder group, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not a three-supply one-standby feeder group, and the process proceeds to S36
S36, judging whether the single-ring network logic of '2-1' is met or not according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as a feeder group of '2-1' single-ring network, outputting related data and feeder group conditions, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the '2-1' single-ring network feeder group, and the S37 is entered;
s37 judging whether the logic accords with the 3-1 single ring network logic according to the feeder group definition logic, if so, defining the feeder group as the 3-1 single ring network feeder group, outputting the relevant data and the condition of the feeder group, and entering S4; if not, the feeder group is not the 3-1 single-ring network feeder group, and the S38 is entered;
and S38, for the feeder line group which does not meet the definition rule, defining the feeder line group as atypical wiring, and entering S4.
2. The distribution network line typical wiring diagnosis analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the distribution network lines with direct or indirect contact are classified as a feeder group in S2, and the specific steps are as follows:
s21, starting analysis from a first record in the distribution network information ledger data sheet, setting a first distribution network line as A, analyzing distribution network lines connected with the distribution network information ledger data sheet as B and C according to the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record connected with A and B, C as analyzed;
s22, analyzing distribution network lines E and F communicated with the distribution network line B from the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record of communication between the distribution network line B and the distribution network line E, F as analyzed;
s23, analyzing distribution network lines D and F communicated with the distribution network line C from the distribution network information ledger data sheet, and setting the record of communication between the distribution network line C and the distribution network line D, F as analyzed;
and S24, the distribution network lines A, B, C, D, E and F are defined as a feeder group.
3. The method for diagnosing and analyzing typical wiring of distribution network lines as claimed in claim 1, wherein said analysis report of typical wiring group in S5 includes the following data:
the method comprises the following steps of typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a power supply station, typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a local area, typical wiring group distribution condition statistics according to the dimension of a global area, specific lists of various typical wiring groups and proportion condition statistics of various typical wiring groups.
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