CN110598745A - Automobile tail lamp shape design method based on geometric morphology measurement - Google Patents
Automobile tail lamp shape design method based on geometric morphology measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing the shape of an automobile tail lamp based on geometric morphology measurement. The method is combined with the Darwin biological evolution idea to research the variability and heredity of the visual characteristics and the emotional characteristics of the tail lamp shape design. By extracting the shape characteristics of the automobile tail lamp, combining the Purchase transformation, principal component analysis, typical variable analysis and weighted group average method clustering analysis to quantitatively research the similarity and difference of tail lamp shape design between different automobile brands and regions and extracting the average tail lamp shape of each brand; carrying out consumer subjective rating on the extracted average tail lamp shape to obtain the relationship between the tail lamp and consumer perceptual cognition; design knowledge is obtained for reference by designers and the like. The invention can not only help automobile designers and manufacturers to reevaluate the existing tail lamp design, but also can be used as a design reference for future tail lamp design practice so as to promote the design of the tail lamp appearance which can meet the requirements of consumers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile tail lamp design, in particular to an automobile tail lamp shape design method based on geometric morphology measurement.
Background
Under the emotional consumption age, the purchasing decision of the consumers is not limited to beautiful product appearance, and the product image which accords with the perceptual cognition of the consumers can be favored by the consumers. In the area of increasingly competitive automotive consumption, automotive visual aesthetics and emotional awareness have received a great deal of attention in industrial design research. The automobile tail light is a very important element in the automobile body modeling, and greatly influences the purchasing decision of consumers. In addition, with the development of LED technology, the degree of freedom in designing the outer shape of the tail lamp of the automobile is also increasing.
However, in the current research, the design of automobile tail lamps mostly focuses on the research on the functions thereof, and the research on the appearance and emotional characteristics thereof is very little. The tail lamp appearance design process mainly depends on the perceptual experience of designers, and a certain ambiguity exists in the research method of the tail lamp appearance design and the tail lamp appearance design knowledge.
To solve the above problems, the present study starts from the darwinian biogenesis idea, and studies the variability and inheritance of the visual features and emotional features of the tail lamp shape design. And combining key technologies such as geometric morphology measurement, perceptual cognition research and the like, comprehensively analyzing the appearance characteristics of the tail lamp, discussing the characteristics of the appearance design development of the tail lamp and the relationship between consumer perceptual cognition, and constructing consumer perceptual cognition-oriented tail lamp appearance design knowledge. The method can help automobile designers and manufacturers to reevaluate the existing tail lamp design, the proposed design knowledge can also be used as a design reference for future tail lamp design practice, and the perceptual cognitive requirements of consumers are met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for designing the shape of an automobile tail lamp based on geometric morphology measurement.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) selecting an existing automobile tail lamp picture as an automobile tail lamp shape research sample according to regions and brands;
2) measuring shape visual parameters and geometrical morphology of the automobile tail lamp shape research sample: firstly, extracting 8 landmark points serving as shape features of the automobile tail lamp, performing Poisson transformation on the landmark points to obtain Poisson coordinate data, and performing centroid distance comparison, principal component analysis, standard variable analysis and weighted group average method cluster analysis on the obtained Poisson coordinate data to obtain the similarity and difference rules of different automobile tail lamps in regions or brands;
3) performing emotional characteristic analysis on the shape of the automobile tail lamp: firstly, obtaining a plurality of representative perceptual vocabularies according to an expert evaluation method, and then taking the average shape of the brand obtained by the principal component analysis in the step 2) as a representative sample, and taking the average shape as a representative sample of the perceptual evaluation; inviting the user to score each representative sample for perceptual evaluation based on a semantic difference method and a Likter scale; the relationship between different shapes and perceptual cognition is obtained through statistical analysis;
4) and (3) taking the similarity and difference rules obtained in the step 2) and the relation between the shape and the perceptual cognition obtained in the step 3) as the shape design knowledge of the automobile tail lamp for the reference of designers or manufacturers.
In the above technical solution, further, the extracting 8 landmark points as shape features of the tail light of the automobile specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a quadrilateral shape as a main closed contour of the tail lamp shape, extracting four corner points of the tail lamp to be marked as landmark points 1, 3, 5 and 7, taking turning points on the edge of the tail lamp between every two adjacent corner points of the tail lamp to be marked as landmark points 2, 4, 6 and 8, taking the center point of the edge of the tail lamp as the landmark point if no turning point exists on the edge of the tail lamp between the two adjacent corner points, and ensuring that the landmark points better cover the whole contour of the tail lamp through the calibration method.
Further, performing a pilfer transformation on the shape landmark points of the tail lamp, wherein the pilfer transformation comprises the following specific steps:
(1) shifting, translating the shape of the tail lamp with the landmark points such that they have a common center of mass, which is the origin position of the entire coordinate system;
(2) zooming, namely zooming the shapes of the tail lamp with the landmark points under the condition of keeping the mass center unchanged to enable the sizes of the tail lamp and the tail lamp to be similar to each other, and eliminating the influence of the sample size on the form difference in the process;
(3) and rotating, and when the two tail lamp shapes are subjected to superposition processing, rotating one of the tail lamp contours which is centered and scaled along the other tail lamp contour until the Euclidean distance square sum between the homologous landmark points reaches the minimum. When the number of the tail lamp samples exceeds 2, firstly, carrying out rotation adjustment on the samples, then, calculating a new reference shape, if the reference shape is different from the previous one, taking the new reference shape as the new reference shape to carry out the next calculation until two identical reference shapes are found, wherein the reference shape is the sample average result, namely the average shape;
and the Euclidean distance between the two groups of the Prian-shaped coordinates is called the ordinary distance, and the difference or the similarity between the forms of the two groups of the landmark points is reflected according to the Euclidean distance.
The Poisson's coordinate data of the invention can be directly obtained by the following software implementation steps: importing the automobile tail lamp shape research sample into TpsUtil software to be converted into a tps file; carrying out landmark point calibration on the tps file by adopting tpsDig software, and deriving a taillight profile tps file; and introducing morphology measurement software MorphoJ, and performing Pouler transformation based on a least square method to obtain Pouler coordinates of each landmark point.
Further, the centroid distances are as follows: for each tail lamp shape, the centroid distance is the Euclidean distance square sum of the Purchase coordinates of all landmark points.
Further, principal component analysis is performed on the Purchase coordinates of each landmark point, a variable which greatly contributes to shape variation is extracted, and the degree of similarity between the shapes of the tail lamps under the brand and the region classification is further determined according to the distribution condition of the tail lamps on the coordinate axis.
Further, on the basis of principal component analysis, thin-plate spline analysis is carried out on sample data, and the method is characterized in that corresponding landmark points are superposed, landmark point differences are analyzed, and the spatial changes of the shape are visually displayed by a deformed grid based on a twisted energy matrix method.
Further, performing standard variable analysis on the Purchase coordinates, calculating the Mahalanobis distance between regions and between samples of brands, and further comparing the differences of the shapes of the tail lamps;
further, conducting weighted group mean method (UPGMA) cluster analysis and Euclidean distance similarity calculation on the Purchase coordinates of the tail lamp in the region and the brand range respectively to obtain a tree relation graph between the average shapes in the region and the brand range, visually displaying the association between the average shapes, and further analyzing the variability and the heredity of the design of the tail lamp.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method provided by the invention can effectively help automobile designers and manufacturers to quantitatively evaluate the design visual characteristics of the tail lamp, comprehensively understand and compare the current situation of the tail lamp appearance design in the industry, and obtain the knowledge of the tail lamp appearance design from the design genetics and variability.
(2) The method provided by the invention can help automobile designers and manufacturers to better understand the perceptual requirements of consumers on the appearance design of the tail lamp, and further provides a tail lamp appearance design scheme meeting the requirements of consumers.
(3) The method provided by the invention can be applied to the analysis and research processes of the visual characteristics and the emotional characteristics of other product objects, and has stronger universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tail lamp landmark mark;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of mass center sizes of automobile tail lights under regions and brand ranges;
FIG. 3 is a scatter diagram of principal component analysis of taillights in regions and brand areas;
FIG. 4 is a thin plate spline visualization of PC1 and PC 2;
FIG. 5 is the average shape variation of the taillights of Audi brands on PC1 and PC 2;
FIG. 6 is a scatter plot of tail light shape over terrain (CV1-CV 2);
FIG. 7 is a scatter diagram of tail lamp shape within the brand range (CV1-CV4)
FIG. 8 is a cluster of tail light shapes across a territory;
FIG. 9 is brand-wide tail light shape clustering;
fig. 10 is a perceptual knowledge evaluation change chart of the shape of the tail light.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for designing the shape of an automobile tail lamp based on geometric morphology measurement, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a sample of the automobile tail light:
pictures of 130 cars from 12 popular car brands in the car market were collected, all cars being products that appeared on the market in the last 10 years. All car pictures show clear car rear view and car tail light shapes, with 12 popular brands from three large areas, asia, america and europe respectively, and 12 brands audi, gallop, bmac, peck, biedi, chevrolet, ford, marada, mini, toyota, wolvo and the public respectively. From the idea of darwinian biogenesis, the brand of the automobile tail light refers to the biological term "species" and the territory refers to the "population".
2) The research on the geometric morphology of the shape visual parameters of the automobile tail lamp comprises the following steps:
the research researches the visual characteristics of the shapes of the automobile tail lamps based on geometric morphometry, researches the design similarity and the difference of different automobile tail lamps in regions and brand ranges by a pilgrimage transformation, a centroid distance comparison, a principal component analysis, a standard variable analysis and a weighted group average method cluster analysis method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting proper landmark points for the shape characteristics of the tail lamp in each car picture:
a) guiding all tail lamp pictures into TpsUtil software, and directly converting the tail lamp pictures into tps files;
b) based on five calibration principles of homology, integrity, repeatability, relative position consistency and coplanarity of the landmark points, 8 landmark points are marked in the research by using TpsDig software for calibrating the tps file obtained in the step a), and each landmark point has x and y coordinate data, so that 16 coordinate point data of the 8 landmark points in each tail lamp shape are obtained respectively. In order to unify the tail lamp landmark point marking method, the research applies the integrality and closure thought of the lattice tower theory to the tail lamp shape landmark point selection, and adopts a quadrilateral shape as a main closed contour of the tail lamp shape, wherein the landmark points 1, 3, 5 and 7 refer to four vertexes of the quadrilateral. Landmark points 2, 4, 6, 8 refer to central turning points located on four edge lines, respectively. If the four edges are straight lines and have no turning points, the landmark points 2, 4, 6 and 8 are the central points of the four edges, and through the calibration method, the landmark points can be ensured to better cover the whole outline of the tail lamp, as shown in fig. 1.
c) After calibrating all tail lamp shapes, exporting a tail lamp shape tps file by a tpsDig software; step 2: fourier transformation of coordinates
Importing the tail lamp shape tps file obtained in the step c) in the step 1 into morphology measurement software MorphoJ, and performing Poisson transformation based on a least square method. The Pushing transformation is to move, zoom and rotate the coordinate points, eliminate the non-morphological differences generated by the position, size and angle, standardize all morphological structures and finally obtain the Pushing coordinates of each landmark point distinguished according to regions and brands.
And step 3: calculating the distance of mass center, comparing the sizes of tail lamps
The dimensions of the tail light are indicated by the size of the centroid, which is equal to the sum of squared euclidean distances of each of the euclidean coordinates of the shape. And respectively deriving the centroid distance according to regions and brand ranges in MorphoJ software, further, introducing the centroid distance into SPSS statistical analysis software to compare centroid distance values, and comparing the sizes of the centroids. And comparing the shape and size differences of the tail lamp by comparing the shape centroid distances of the tail lamp between each region and each brand. By comparison (fig. 2), the tail lamp shape size in asian regions is largest for 3 regions, followed by america and europe. For 12 brands, non-parametric-test statistical analysis based on multiple independent samples yielded a significant difference in the taillight geometry for the gallo brand and for the snowmobile, volkswagen, toyota, biedi, peck, walvo, and marautocoda. Furthermore, the size of the rear lights of the audi, gallop, bmw and mini brands is smaller than other brands.
And 4, step 4: main component analysis of tail lamp shape and visual display of thin plate spline method
a) The MorphoJ software is used for converting the Poisson coordinate quantized data of the tail lamp shape into a covariance matrix, so that the correlation of the quantized data among different dimensions and the variance of the quantized data on each dimension can be simultaneously expressed.
b) And performing linear transformation on the multidimensional data in the covariance matrix and projecting the data into a low-dimensional space to obtain main components influencing the shape characteristics of the tail lamp. The projection process is a process for weakening the correlation among original variables and forming a new set of independent variables, and can help to find main components influencing the shape of the tail lamp. The first two main components were found to contribute 71.519% to the change in shape of the tail light, with PC1 at 41.137% and PC2 at 30.383%.
C) According to the principal component analysis results, two principal components (PC1, PC2) having the largest contribution to morphological variation are displayed in the MorphoJ software as coordinate axes (PC1 as abscissa and PC2 as ordinate), and scatter plots with 90% confidence ellipses in regions and brand ranges are displayed, respectively, and different regions or brands are displayed in different colors. It was found by comparative analysis of the scatter plot (fig. 3) that there was no significant deviation in the shape of the tail light between the three regions. There are significant differences in shape between individual brands, and between partial brands. For example, the shape of the tail light of walvo is completely distinguished from the elliptical area where the tail light of the mass automobile is located, which indicates that the shapes of the tail lights of the two brands are completely different, while the shapes of the tail lights of bmw and audi are partially separated and partially overlapped.
d) And c) visually displaying the shape difference change of the automobile tail lamp under different main components by using a thin plate spline method in MorphoJ software on the basis of the step c). The position, the variation width, and the tendency of landmark points in the thin-plate spline visualization grid are represented by points and lines, where "point" represents the position of a landmark point when PC1(PC2) is 0, and "line" represents the variation width of the position of a reference point in the range of the entire PC1(PC2) axis, and the pointing direction of "line" represents the tendency of morphological variation.
The main variations of PC1 are shown by fig. 4 at landmarks 2, 3, 5, and 6, and the height of the shape in PC1 is wider compared to the average shape. The main changes to PC2 are also located at landmarks 2, 3, 5, and 6, but in different directions. The narrower the shape height, the greater the width of the PC 2. From the shape change analysis, it is shown that the shape width and height length changes are the main driving forces for the shape design of the tail light.
e) Taking the Audi brand as an example, the variations of the Audi brand in PC1 and PC2 are analyzed in connection with step d). As shown in fig. 5, the tail lamp shape change of PC1 to PC2 was visualized on the basis of the thin plate spline method using Adobe Illustrator software. Landmark points 3, 4 and 5 have large variations in the two main components. From PC1 to PC2, the shape of the tail light is changed from a wedge shape with sharp edges to a square box shape. On the whole, the design and evolution process of the Audi tail lamp model is gradual, partial landmark points on the shape keep unchanged positions in the design and evolution, the inheritance of the design is displayed, and other landmark points have larger variation range and display the variability of the design.
And 5: analysis of standard variables for shape of taillight
a) And respectively carrying out standard variable analysis on the Purchase coordinates of the automobile tail lamp in a region range and a brand range. Standard variable analysis can study the variation among groups by establishing a new set of standard variables and reveal the variation relationship among groups by calculating the Mahalanobis distance among groups.
b) And (3) carrying out standard variable analysis on the variables in the region range to obtain 2 standard variables (figure 6), wherein the contribution rate of the first variable to the variation reaches 83.464%, and the contribution rate of the second variable to the cheap variable reaches 16.536%.
c) The mahalanobis distance between the 3 regional variables (table 1) is calculated, giving the maximum mahalanobis distance between the tail lamp shape in asian regions and the tail lamp shape in european regions, and the minimum mahalanobis distance between europe and america. This indicates that the shape of the tail lamp is the most different between asia and europe.
TABLE 1 Mahalanobis distance (bold) and significance differences between variables across a geographic area
| American country | Asia | Europe | |
| American country | 0.0058 | 0.0405 | |
| Asia | 1.5969 | <.0001 | |
| Europe | 1.1483 | 1.8903 |
d) And (3) carrying out standard variable analysis on variables in the brand range to obtain 11 standard variables (figure 7), wherein the contribution rate of the first four standard variables to the variation reaches 84.893%, the contribution rate of the first variable to the variation reaches 32.745%, the contribution rate of the second variable to the variation reaches 29.207%, the contribution rate of the third variable to the variation reaches 13.922%, and the contribution rate of the fourth variable to the variation reaches 9.020%.
e) Calculating the mahalanobis distance between 12 brand variables (table 2), and obtaining that the mahalanobis distance between the shape of the taillight of the Volvo brand and the shape of the taillight of the Mazda brand is the largest, namely the shape difference is the largest; the mahalanobis distance between toyota and gallop is minimal, and the shape difference is minimal. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the shape of Audi and other brands, except for the Buick automobile.
TABLE 2 Mahalanobis distance (bold) and significant Difference between variables within the Brand
| Audi (Audi) | Benz Chi | BMW horse | Buick | BYD | Chevrolet | Ford | Mazda | Mini type | Toyota | Volvo | The public | |
| Audi (Audi) | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.2112 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0161 | <.0001 | 0.0167 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.0048 | |
| Benz Chi | 2.695 | <.0001 | 0.0095 | 0.0012 | 0.0103 | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 0.1307 | 0.1175 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |
| BMW horse | 2.9623 | 2.9731 | 0.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0329 | <.0001 | 0.0115 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |
| Buick | 1.8697 | 2.816 | 3.9032 | 0.137 | 0.2016 | 0.0304 | 0.0057 | 0.0609 | 0.323 | 0.0015 | 0.021 | |
| BYD | 3.1029 | 2.2852 | 3.8362 | 2.6394 | 0.012 | 0.0008 | 0.0077 | 0.2988 | 0.1285 | 0.0004 | <.0001 | |
| Chevrolet | 2.6316 | 2.2091 | 3.6067 | 2.5664 | 2.5456 | 0.0285 | 0.0008 | 0.253 | 0.0648 | 0.0012 | 0.0004 | |
| Ford | 2.5949 | 3.0783 | 2.4573 | 3.0661 | 3.6204 | 3.2983 | 0.0007 | 0.064 | 0.0241 | 0.0043 | 0.3281 | |
| Mazda | 3.055 | 2.4383 | 3.5234 | 3.0571 | 2.6461 | 3.2388 | 3.8649 | 0.0033 | 0.0035 | 0.0017 | <.0001 | |
| Mini type | 3.2803 | 2.5642 | 3.7639 | 3.487 | 2.8572 | 2.8417 | 3.9045 | 4.3195 | 0.3151 | 0.0377 | 0.029 | |
| Toyota | 2.5458 | 1.6675 | 3.3409 | 2.2111 | 2.0349 | 2.2581 | 3.0128 | 2.5675 | 2.5371 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | |
| Volvo | 6.355 | 6.9338 | 7.1078 | 5.7612 | 6.7787 | 5.5456 | 6.276 | 7.7065 | 6.5062 | 6.8946 | <.0001 | |
| The public | 1.7529 | 2.9899 | 2.6263 | 2.5833 | 3.1872 | 2.9856 | 1.8197 | 3.8461 | 2.9634 | 2.5474 | 6.4313 |
Step 6: cluster analysis of tail lamp shape cluster weighted group average method and calculation of Euclidean distance similarity a) clustering by non-weighted group average method (UPGMA) and calculation of Euclidean distance similarity coefficient are carried out on the Purchase coordinates of the tail lamp in the region range, so as to obtain the relation between the average shapes in the region range, as shown in FIG. 8;
b) carrying out weighted group mean method (UPGMA) clustering and Euclidean distance similarity coefficient calculation on the Purchase coordinates of the tail lamp in the brand range to obtain the relation between average shapes in the brand range, as shown in FIG. 9;
and (b) combining the tail lamp average shape dendrograms obtained in the step a) and the step b), visually displaying the association between the tail lamp average shapes, and assisting a designer to research the association of the tail lamp shapes.
3) Analysis and research on shape and emotional characteristics of automobile tail lamp
Step 1: a large number of perceptual evaluation words designed by people for the shape of the tail lamp are collected, and 7 representative perceptual words are selected by an expert evaluation method.
Step 2: the average shape of the 12 brands obtained in step 4) in 2) was used as a representative sample for the evaluation of the sensitivity.
And step 3: inviting 32 car users (20 men and 12 women) aged between 20-35 years and having at least one year of driving experience, and performing a perceptual evaluation scoring experiment on each representative tail lamp sample in turn based on semantic difference and a Likter 7-point scale (see Table 3);
list 37 grade Likter scale
And 4, step 4: importing the data obtained by the perceptual scoring into data statistical analysis software SPSS for data analysis to obtain tail lamp shape sequencing corresponding to each pair of perceptual words, and using Adobe
Illustrator visual tail lamp shape sorting, the tail lamp shapes closer to the left and the right have perceptual cognition degrees of corresponding words, as shown in FIG. 10.
It has been found that the visual characteristics of the shape of the tail light can be divided into three main categories, namely rectangular (rectangular-like polygon), square (square-like polygon) and irregular polygon. Compared with the rectangular tail lamp and the square tail lamp, the irregular polygonal tail lamp has stronger stretching sense, masculinization sense, future sense and wild sense. The rectangular tail lamp has the perceptual cognitive characteristics of being more popular, masculinizing and strong in attraction compared with the shape of the square tail lamp on the whole.
4) And (3) forming automobile tail lamp shape design knowledge facing the perceptual cognitive requirements of consumers by combining the tail lamp shape visual parameters and the perceptual cognitive difference characteristics obtained in the step 2) and the step 3), so that designers and designers can obtain a tail lamp shape design idea by referring to the tail lamp shape design knowledge.
Claims (8)
1. A method for designing the shape of an automobile tail lamp based on geometric morphology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting an existing automobile tail lamp picture as an automobile tail lamp shape research sample according to regions and brands;
2) measuring shape visual parameters and geometrical morphology of the automobile tail lamp shape research sample: firstly, extracting 8 landmark points serving as shape features of the automobile tail lamp, performing Poisson transformation on the landmark points to obtain Poisson coordinate data and an average shape of each brand tail lamp, and performing centroid distance comparison, principal component analysis, typical variable analysis and weighted group average clustering analysis on the obtained Poisson coordinate data to obtain the similarity and difference rules of different automobile tail lamps in regions or brands;
3) performing emotional characteristic analysis on the shape of the automobile tail lamp: firstly, obtaining a plurality of representative perceptual vocabularies according to an expert evaluation method, and then taking the average shape of each brand of tail lamp obtained in the step 2) as a representative sample for perceptual evaluation; inviting the user to score each representative sample for perceptual evaluation based on a semantic difference method and a Likter scale; the relationship between different shapes and perceptual cognition is obtained through statistical analysis;
4) and (3) taking the similarity and difference rules obtained in the step 2) and the relation between the shape and the perceptual cognition obtained in the step 3) as the shape design knowledge of the automobile tail lamp for the reference of designers or manufacturers.
2. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: the extraction is as 8 landmark points of car tail lamp shape characteristic, specifically:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a quadrilateral shape as a main closed contour of the tail lamp shape, extracting four corner points of the tail lamp to be marked as landmark points 1, 3, 5 and 7, taking turning points on the edge of the tail lamp between every two adjacent corner points of the tail lamp to be marked as landmark points 2, 4, 6 and 8, taking the center point of the edge of the tail lamp as the landmark point if no turning point exists on the edge of the tail lamp between the two adjacent corner points, and ensuring that the landmark points better cover the whole contour of the tail lamp through the calibration method.
3. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: performing Poisson transformation on the landmark points, wherein the Poisson transformation comprises the following specific steps:
(1) shifting, translating the shape of the tail lamp with the landmark points so that they have a common centroid, which is the origin position of the entire coordinate system;
(2) zooming, namely zooming the shapes of the tail lamp with the landmark points under the condition of keeping the mass center unchanged to enable the sizes of the tail lamp and the tail lamp to be similar to each other, and eliminating the influence of the sample size on the form difference in the process;
(3) rotating, when the two tail lamp shapes are subjected to superposition processing, rotating one of the tail lamp contours which is centered and scaled along the other tail lamp contour until the Euclidean distance square sum between the homologous landmark points reaches the minimum; when the number of the tail lamp samples exceeds 2, firstly, carrying out rotation adjustment on the tail lamp samples, then, calculating a new reference shape, if the reference shape is different from the previous one, taking the new reference shape as the new reference shape to carry out the next calculation until two identical reference shapes are found, wherein the reference shape is the average result, namely the average shape, of the tail lamp samples;
and the Euclidean distance between the two groups of the Prian-shaped coordinates is called the ordinary distance, and the difference or the similarity between the forms of the two groups of the landmark points is reflected according to the Euclidean distance.
4. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: the centroid distances are as follows: for each tail lamp shape, the centroid distance is the Euclidean distance square sum of the Purchase coordinates of all landmark points.
5. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: and performing principal component analysis on the Purchase coordinates, extracting variables which greatly contribute to shape variation, and further determining the degree of similarity between the shapes of the tail lamps under brand and region classification according to the distribution condition of the tail lamps on a coordinate axis.
6. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: on the basis of principal component analysis, thin-plate spline analysis is carried out on sample data, and the method is characterized in that corresponding landmark points are superposed, landmark point differences are analyzed, and the spatial change of the shape is visually displayed by a deformed grid based on a distorted energy matrix method.
7. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: and performing typical variable analysis on the Purchase coordinates, and calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the regions and the samples between the brands so as to compare the differences of the shapes of the tail lamps.
8. The method of designing a shape of an automobile tail light based on geometric morphometry according to claim 1, wherein: respectively carrying out weighted group mean method (UPGMA) cluster analysis and Euclidean distance similarity calculation on the Purchase coordinates of the tail lamp in the region and the brand range to obtain a tree-like relation graph between average shapes in the region and the brand range, visually displaying the association between the average shapes, and further analyzing the variability and the heredity of the design of the tail lamp.
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| CN112598079A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for identifying cephalopod population and species |
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