CN110598278B - Evaluation method for acoustic characteristics of ship mechanical system - Google Patents
Evaluation method for acoustic characteristics of ship mechanical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110598278B CN110598278B CN201910796207.7A CN201910796207A CN110598278B CN 110598278 B CN110598278 B CN 110598278B CN 201910796207 A CN201910796207 A CN 201910796207A CN 110598278 B CN110598278 B CN 110598278B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ship vibration noise control, in particular to a method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a ship mechanical systemThe acoustic performance of a system consisting of mechanical equipment can be evaluated according to the functional parameters of the mechanical system, and the problem that the acoustic performance of a system scheme is difficult to evaluate in the early design stage of the mechanical system at present is solved. The method provides a new parameter- "power mass product" (G) for quantitatively evaluating the acoustic performance of a mechanical system i ) The 0.5 power of the parameter is proportional to the acoustic characteristics of the system (underwater noise), and can be used for evaluating the acoustic performance of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship vibration noise control, in particular to an evaluation method for acoustic characteristics of a ship mechanical system.
Background
Ship vibration noise control is a hot spot in the current ship design field, and is receiving more and more attention and attention in both military ships and civil ships, such as scientific research ships, marine organism survey ships, and luxury cruise ships. Standards for underwater Noise of ships are established by many classification societies, such as norwegian classification (DNV) and China Classification (CCS) and the standard for underwater Noise of ships (Noise). The underwater noise of the ship mainly comes from: noise caused by the operation of mechanical systems, which are the main sources of noise that contribute to the underwater noise of a ship, propeller noise, and noise caused by the flow of fluid over the surface of the ship's hull. There are two main technical approaches to reduce the noise of the ship mechanical system: firstly, special measures for vibration and noise reduction are adopted, such as a vibration reduction device of mechanical equipment, an acoustic material, pipeline noise control and the like; the second is low-noise system design, that is, to take the acoustic performance as one of the targets, the influence on the acoustics is fully considered when the system configuration (such as the number of equipment configurations, equipment working combinations, etc.) and the functional parameter design are selected, and for the system which has higher requirements on the acoustics, the system is constructed towards the direction which is beneficial to the acoustic performance when necessary.
According to the current state of the ship vibration and noise reduction technology, the special vibration and noise reduction technology is relatively fully researched, a quantitative evaluation method for the application effect of a series of measures is formed, and a basis can be provided for selection and optimization of various measures. However, a quantitative evaluation method for the acoustic performance of the system under different combinations of system configuration and functional parameters is not established in China. The core problem of the quantitative evaluation method is to find a 'sensitive' parameter, wherein the parameter is calculated by physical parameters such as the weight of system equipment and functional data such as pressure, flow or power, and the parameter is positively correlated with underwater noise caused by the system. Once this method is established, quantitative assessment of acoustic performance for various configurations can be made during system configuration design, parameter determination, and device selection, as an important basis for determining system solutions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system, which can evaluate the acoustic performance of a system composed of mechanical equipment according to the physical and functional parameters of the mechanical equipment, in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system comprises the following steps:
s1, defining a new parameter, namely 'power quality product', which is equal to the product of the power and the quality of the equipment, and defining the formula as follows:
G＝MP (1)
wherein G is the power mass product and the unit is kg.W; m is the equipment mass in kg; p is the device power in W.
Power mass product G and underwater noise P w The relationship between them is:
in the formula, P w Is underwater noise with the unit of Pa; k is a frequency dependent constant having the unit Pa/(kg. W) 0.5 ；
In general, a relative calculation method based on the data of the master model system is adopted, and assuming that the special vibration noise control measures subsequently taken by the system to be evaluated are consistent with the effect of the master model system, the method has the formula (3) for the master model system and the formula (4) for the system to be evaluated
In the formula, G 1 、P w1 Respectively evaluating the power quality product and underwater noise of the object system; g 0 、P w0 Power mass product of the master or standard system and underwater noise, respectively 0 Calculated by the known functions and physical parameters of the master model or standard system, the underwater noise P w0 Is the actual measurement value of the mother model or the standard system.
The compound can be obtained from the formulas (3) and (4):
and S2, calculating the power-quality product of the single equipment of the master or standard system. Different devices, the power is defined as follows:
(1) For a fluid mechanical device, the power is:
p i ＝ρgH i ×Q i /3600 (6)
in the formula, H i The lift of the ith equipment in the system is expressed in m, p i Is the fluid power of the fluid machine, with the unit of W; q i For the flow of the ith deviceAmount in m 3 H; density of aqueous medium rho =1000kg/m 3 Acceleration of gravity g =9.8m/s 2 (ii) a The (6) can be simplified as follows:
p i ＝2.72×H i Q i (7)
(2) For a main power plant, the power is the shaft power:
p i ＝p z (8)
in the formula, p z Is the shaft power of the equipment, and the unit is W;
(3) For electrical and electronic devices, power is the electrical power consumed:
p i ＝p D (9)
in the formula: p is a radical of formula D Is the plant electrical power in units of W.
And S3, calculating the total power-mass product of the master model or the standard system. When a plurality of devices work simultaneously, the total power quality product of the system is the sum of the power quality products of the single devices:
in the formula: m is a unit of i Is the quality of the ith device in the system, p i Is the power of the ith device in the system.
And S4, calculating the power quality product of the single equipment of the system to be evaluated, wherein the calculation method is the same as the step S2.
And S5, calculating the total power-mass product of the system to be evaluated, wherein the calculation method is the same as the step S3.
S6, calculating the underwater noise level of the evaluation object system:
the following are obtained from the formulas (10) and (11):
L 0 ＝20lg(P w0 /P ref ) (13)
in the formula: l is a radical of an alcohol 0 Underwater noise level in dB, L for a prototype or standard system 1 In order to evaluate the underwater noise level of the object system, the unit is dB, and known original data are used as the input of the calculation; (ii) a m is 0i 、m 1i Respectively the quality of the ith equipment of the parent type or standard system and the evaluation object system; p is a radical of 0i 、p 1i Respectively the power of the ith equipment of the mother type or standard system and the evaluation object system; n is the number of devices which work simultaneously in the evaluation object system; s is the number of devices which work simultaneously in the master type or standard system; p ref For the noise level reference, in Pa, the reference is taken to be 10 for underwater noise calculation -6 Pa。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method of the invention provides a new parameter- 'power-mass product' (G) for quantitatively evaluating the acoustic performance of system configuration i ) The 0.5 power of the parameter is proportional to the acoustic characteristics of the system (underwater noise), and can be used for evaluating the acoustic performance of the system. The power-mass product is calculated by physical parameters such as flow, pressure or power (fluid power, electric power or shaft power) and system functions and mass, so that the parameter is proposed to establish quantitative relation between the configuration and function parameters of the system and the acoustic performance. And finally, calculating the underwater noise level between different schemes of the target system according to the power mass product and the underwater noise of the master system or the reference system. The method can evaluate the acoustic performance of the system at the early stage of system design according to a small number of system design parameters, and is used as a basis for selecting a system scheme, so that the problem that the conventional evaluation method needs a large amount of input data and can be developed only at the detailed system design stage is solved, and the domestic technical blank is filled.
2. Compared with a real ship, the method has the advantages that the error of the system acoustic performance evaluation result is not more than 3dB, and the accuracy is high.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a calculation flowchart of the method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The calculation flow of the evaluation method for the acoustic characteristics of the ship mechanical system, which takes a ship cooling system (mainly pump equipment) as a specific implementation object, is as follows:
(1) Obtaining raw data required for calculation
The raw data required for the calculation include: the weight, power (flow, head) of the parent or standard system equipment, underwater noise level, and the weight, power (flow, head) of the evaluation subject system are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 preliminary scheme for a ship's cooling system
(2) Computing system device power
The fluid power of the pump device was calculated according to equation (7) from the raw data shown in table 1, and the calculation results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 in-System plant fluid Power calculation
(3) Computing system power-mass product
The total power-mass product of the system was calculated from the raw data shown in table 1 and the calculation results of table 2 according to equation (10), and the calculation results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Total Power Mass product calculation of the System
(4) Calculating underwater noise level of evaluation object system
Calculating the underwater noise level of the evaluation object according to the formula (12)
Compared with a real ship, the error of the evaluation result does not exceed 3dB, and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, defining a new parameter, namely 'power quality product', which is equal to the product of the power and the quality of the equipment, and defining the formula as follows:
G＝MP(1)
wherein G is the power mass product and the unit is kg.W; m is the equipment mass in kg; p is the device power in W;
s2, calculating the power-mass product of single equipment of the master or standard system;
s3, calculating the total power-mass product of the master model or the standard system;
s4, calculating the power-quality product of the single equipment of the evaluation object system;
s5, calculating the total power-mass product of the system to be evaluated;
s6, calculating the underwater noise level of the evaluation object system:
in the formula, L 0 Underwater noise level in dB, L for a prototype or standard system 0 Known raw data as input to the present calculation; l is 1 To evaluate the underwater noise level of the subject system; m is 0i 、m 1i Respectively the quality of the ith equipment of the parent type or standard system and the evaluation object system; p is a radical of 0i 、p 1i Respectively the power of the ith equipment of the mother type or standard system and the evaluation object system; n is the number of devices which work simultaneously in the evaluation object system; and S is the number of devices which work simultaneously in the master type or standard system.
2. The method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system according to claim 1, wherein in steps S2 and S4, the power of different devices is defined as follows:
(1) For a fluid mechanical device, the power is:
p i ＝ρgH i ×Q i /3600(6)
in the formula, H i The head of the ith equipment in the system is expressed in m; q i Flow rate of the ith device in m 3 H; density of aqueous medium rho =1000kg/m 3 Acceleration of gravity g =9.8m/s 2 ；
(2) For a main power plant, the power is the shaft power:
p i ＝p z (8)
in the formula, p z The shaft power of the equipment;
(3) For electrical and electronic devices, power is the electrical power consumed:
p i ＝p D (9)
in the formula: p is a radical of formula D Is the plant electrical power.
3. The method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system according to claim 1, wherein in steps S3 and S5, when a plurality of devices are simultaneously operating in the system, the total power-mass product of the system is the sum of the power-mass products of the individual devices:
in the formula: m is i Is the quality of the ith device in the system, p i Is the power of the ith device in the system.
4. The method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system according to claim 1, wherein steps S4 to S5 are performed before step S2.
5. The method for evaluating acoustic characteristics of a marine mechanical system according to claim 1, wherein L is L in step S6 0 The calculation method comprises the following steps:
L 0 ＝20lg(P w0 /P ref ) (13)
in the formula: p w0 Underwater noise, P, of parent or standard system ref For the noise level reference, in Pa, the reference is taken to be 10 for underwater noise calculation -6 Pa。
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