CN110596752A - Data waveform processing method in seismic exploration - Google Patents
Data waveform processing method in seismic exploration Download PDFInfo
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- CN110596752A CN110596752A CN201910853208.0A CN201910853208A CN110596752A CN 110596752 A CN110596752 A CN 110596752A CN 201910853208 A CN201910853208 A CN 201910853208A CN 110596752 A CN110596752 A CN 110596752A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
- G01V1/366—Seismic filtering by correlation of seismic signals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a data waveform processing method in seismic exploration, which comprises the steps of exciting and receiving seismic waves, adopting a controllable seismic source to excite the seismic waves, and simultaneously burying sensors at different positions away from an excitation point, wherein the sensors are geophones, the geophones are sensors for converting ground vibration into electric signals, the geophones transmit the signals to a digital seismometer through signal lines, and the signals are stored after the digital seismometer is subjected to electric signal amplification and analog-to-digital conversion; the method adopts a synthesis mode to obtain the seismic channel data, and simultaneously carries out convolution on the seismic channel data correspondingly, so that target data are obtained, the interference on the whole data is small, and the whole error is smaller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of address survey, in particular to a data waveform processing method in seismic exploration.
Background
Seismic waves (sessmic waves) are vibrations that propagate around the seismic source, and refer to elastic waves that radiate from the source around. The wave propagation method can be divided into three types, namely longitudinal waves (P waves), transverse waves (S waves) (both the longitudinal waves and the transverse waves belong to body waves) and surface waves (L waves). When an earthquake occurs, the medium in the earthquake source area is subjected to rapid rupture and movement, and the disturbance forms a wave source. Due to the continuity of the earth's medium, this wave propagates into the earth and everywhere on the surface, forming an elastic wave in the continuous medium.
One of the main contents of seismology is to study the information brought by seismic waves. Seismic waves are a transmission of mechanical motion resulting from the elasticity of the earth's medium. Its properties are very close to those of sound waves, and is therefore also called acoustic waves. But ordinary acoustic waves propagate in fluids, while seismic waves propagate in the earth's medium, and are therefore much more complex, where seismic waves and light waves are somewhat similar in computation. The wave optics can be transited to geometric optics under the condition of short wave, so that the calculation is simplified; likewise, the concept of seismic waves under certain conditions may be replaced with seismic rays to form geometric seismology. However, the light waves are only transverse waves, and the seismic waves have both longitudinal and transverse parts, so the seismic waves are much more complicated in specific calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a data waveform processing method in seismic exploration.
A data waveform processing method in seismic exploration specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) exciting and receiving seismic waves, namely, exciting the seismic waves by using a controllable seismic source, and burying sensors at different positions away from an excitation point, wherein the sensors are geophones, the geophones are sensors for converting ground vibration into electric signals, or energy conversion devices for converting mechanical energy into electric energy, and the geophones transmit signals to a digital seismometer through signal lines and store the signals after the signals are amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by the digital seismometer;
2) performing set analysis on seismic channels detected by a geophone to obtain a seismic channel set, and simultaneously performing static correction processing on the seismic channel set to finally obtain not less than two pieces of seismic channel data;
3) respectively carrying out migration imaging processing on each seismic channel data after static correction processing, and simultaneously carrying out stacking processing on any two acquired seismic channel data after migration imaging, so as to acquire the 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 th synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 th synthetic seismic channel data, the.
4) Acquiring 1 st filtering data, 2 nd filtering data, 3 rd filtering data, 4 th filtering data, 5 th filtering data, 2 nd filtering data, 3 rd filtering data and n th filtering data based on 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, 4 th synthetic seismic channel data and n th synthetic seismic channel data;
5) performing moveout correction processing on each seismic channel data after static correction processing, performing migration imaging processing on the seismic channel data after the moveout correction processing, and simultaneously performing superposition processing on any two pieces of the acquired seismic channel data after the migration imaging, and acquiring the 1 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the.
6) And performing convolution on the 1 st filtering data, the 2 nd filtering data, the 3 rd filtering data, the 4 th filtering data, the 5 th filtering data, the.
As a further scheme of the invention: performing Fourier transform on the 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 th synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 th synthetic seismic channel data, the n th synthetic seismic channel data to obtain a designated amplitude spectrum and a designated phase spectrum corresponding to the corresponding data; the inverse of the specified amplitude spectrum may be taken as a target amplitude spectrum, inverse fourier transform may be performed based on the target amplitude spectrum and the specified phase spectrum, and the result of the inverse fourier transform may be taken as filtered data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method adopts a synthesis mode to obtain the seismic channel data, and simultaneously carries out convolution on the seismic channel data correspondingly, so that target data are obtained, the interference on the whole data is small, and the whole error is smaller.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, a data waveform processing method in seismic exploration specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) exciting and receiving seismic waves, namely, exciting the seismic waves by using a controllable seismic source, and burying sensors at different positions away from an excitation point, wherein the sensors are geophones, the geophones are sensors for converting ground vibration into electric signals, or energy conversion devices for converting mechanical energy into electric energy, and the geophones transmit signals to a digital seismometer through signal lines and store the signals after the signals are amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by the digital seismometer;
2) performing set analysis on seismic channels detected by a geophone to obtain a seismic channel set, and simultaneously performing static correction processing on the seismic channel set to finally obtain not less than two pieces of seismic channel data;
3) respectively carrying out migration imaging processing on each seismic channel data after static correction processing, and simultaneously carrying out stacking processing on any two acquired seismic channel data after migration imaging, so as to acquire the 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 th synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 th synthetic seismic channel data, the.
4) Acquiring 1 st filtering data, 2 nd filtering data, 3 rd filtering data, 4 th filtering data, 5 th filtering data, 2 nd filtering data, 3 rd filtering data and n th filtering data based on 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, 4 th synthetic seismic channel data and n th synthetic seismic channel data;
5) performing moveout correction processing on each seismic channel data after static correction processing, performing migration imaging processing on the seismic channel data after the moveout correction processing, and simultaneously performing superposition processing on any two pieces of the acquired seismic channel data after the migration imaging, and acquiring the 1 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the.
6) And performing convolution on the 1 st filtering data, the 2 nd filtering data, the 3 rd filtering data, the 4 th filtering data, the 5 th filtering data, the.
For the filtering data, Fourier transform is mainly carried out on the 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 th synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 th synthetic seismic channel data, the. The inverse of the specified amplitude spectrum may be taken as a target amplitude spectrum, inverse fourier transform may be performed based on the target amplitude spectrum and the specified phase spectrum, and the result of the inverse fourier transform may be taken as filtered data.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (2)
1. A data waveform processing method in seismic exploration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) exciting and receiving seismic waves, namely exciting the seismic waves by using a controllable seismic source, and burying sensors at different positions away from an excitation point, wherein the sensors are geophones, the geophones are sensors for converting ground vibration into electric signals, the geophones transmit the signals to a digital seismometer through signal lines, and the signals are amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and then stored;
2) performing set analysis on seismic channels detected by a geophone to obtain a seismic channel set, and simultaneously performing static correction processing on the seismic channel set to finally obtain not less than two pieces of seismic channel data;
3) respectively carrying out migration imaging processing on each seismic channel data after static correction processing, and simultaneously carrying out stacking processing on any two acquired seismic channel data after migration imaging, so as to acquire the 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 th synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 th synthetic seismic channel data, the.
4) Acquiring 1 st filtering data, 2 nd filtering data, 3 rd filtering data, 4 th filtering data, 5 th filtering data, 2 nd filtering data, 3 rd filtering data and n th filtering data based on 1 st synthetic seismic channel data, 2 nd synthetic seismic channel data, 3 rd synthetic seismic channel data, 4 th synthetic seismic channel data and n th synthetic seismic channel data;
5) performing moveout correction processing on each seismic channel data after static correction processing, performing migration imaging processing on the seismic channel data after the moveout correction processing, and simultaneously performing superposition processing on any two pieces of the acquired seismic channel data after the migration imaging, and acquiring the 1 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 2 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 3 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 4 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the 5 alpha synthetic seismic channel data, the.
6) And performing convolution on the 1 st filtering data, the 2 nd filtering data, the 3 rd filtering data, the 4 th filtering data, the 5 th filtering data, the.
2. The method of processing data waveforms in seismic exploration, according to claim 1, characterized in that a specified amplitude spectrum and a specified phase spectrum corresponding to the corresponding data are obtained by performing fourier transform on the 1 st synthetic seismic trace data, the 2 nd synthetic seismic trace data, the 3 rd synthetic seismic trace data, the 4 th synthetic seismic trace data, the 5 th synthetic seismic trace data,.. and the n-th synthetic seismic trace data; the inverse of the specified amplitude spectrum may be taken as a target amplitude spectrum, inverse fourier transform may be performed based on the target amplitude spectrum and the specified phase spectrum, and the result of the inverse fourier transform may be taken as filtered data.
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| CN201910853208.0A CN110596752A (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Data waveform processing method in seismic exploration |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107193045A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of seismic data processing technique and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107193045A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of seismic data processing technique and device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈鸿璠: "《石油工业通论》", 31 July 1995, 北京：石油工业出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20191220 |