CN110596283A - Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for identifying species attributes of leather products such as pigs, cattle and sheep - Google Patents
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for identifying species attributes of leather products such as pigs, cattle and sheep Download PDFInfo
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- CN110596283A CN110596283A CN201910689588.9A CN201910689588A CN110596283A CN 110596283 A CN110596283 A CN 110596283A CN 201910689588 A CN201910689588 A CN 201910689588A CN 110596283 A CN110596283 A CN 110596283A
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for identifying species attributes of leather products such as pigs, cattle and sheep, which comprises the following steps: a, freezing a leather product by using liquid nitrogen, grinding the frozen leather product into powder or directly cutting the powder into fragments, adding a proper amount of water or protein lysate, and extracting protein in an autoclave; step B, centrifuging the extracting solution at high speed, taking a proper amount of supernatant into a protein ultrafiltration tube, centrifuging at high speed, adding an ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution, and adding enzyme for hydrolysis reaction; and C: and after the enzymolysis is finished, high-speed centrifugation is carried out, and the filtrate is collected and used for mass spectrometric detection and analysis. The characteristic peptide provided by the invention can still be effectively detected after leather is processed by a process, the sensitivity is high, the determination result is accurate, the problem that leather products are real and fake and are difficult to distinguish is solved, and a reliable technical means is provided for species identification of the leather products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mass spectrum technology for identifying pig source, cattle source and sheep source species of leather products, belonging to the field of identification of species sources of leather products.
Background
The natural leather can be divided into cow leather, sheep leather, pig leather, horse leather, donkey leather, kangaroo leather and the like according to animal sources, and as a natural high polymer material, the natural leather has very good service performance and is increasingly applied to the fields of bags, clothing, shoes, automobiles, houses and the like. Along with the economic development and the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of the natural leather is increasing day by day and becomes the master of fashion trend gradually, and the truth and the quality of the natural leather also become the concern of people. Because of the wide variety of natural leathers and the large price difference, some illegal vendors use artificial leathers to impersonate natural leathers or low-grade leathers to impersonate high-grade leathers in order to seek the maximum benefit, which damages the health and the benefit of the consumers and has adverse effect on the development of social economy.
At present, the material identification of natural leather is mainly a sensory identification method seen by hands, and auxiliary methods such as infrared, microscope and PCR are developed, but the methods are not high in accuracy and are not enough to be used as standard methods for identifying the leather properties. Just because leather products are real and fake and are difficult to distinguish, the phenomenon of fake leather in the leather market generally exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for identifying the authenticity of leather products by detecting characteristic peptide fragments.
A characteristic peptide for leather identification comprises three characteristic peptides of pigskin, and the amino acid sequences are respectively as follows: (a) GPTGPAGVR, respectively; (b) TGETGASGPP GFAGEK (P represents proline hydroxylation); (c) GETGPAGPAGPVGPVGAR, respectively; the three characteristic peptides of cow leather have amino acid sequences as follows: (d) GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR, respectively; (e) SGETGASGPP GFVGEK (P indicates proline hydroxylation); (f) SGETGASGPPGFVGEK, respectively; a characteristic peptide of sheep skin has an amino acid sequence as follows: (g) GPAGPTGPAGK. The parent ions of the above-mentioned characteristic peptide fragments are (a) m/z 406.2, (b) m/z 739.8, (c) m/z773.9, (d) m/z 641.3, (e) m/z 746.8, (f) m/z 738.9, (g) m/z 455.2; all of the parent ions may differ by + -3 Da due to the isotopic effect.
Correspondingly, the invention provides a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for identifying the authenticity of leather, which comprises the following steps:
a, freezing a leather product by using liquid nitrogen, grinding the frozen leather product into powder or directly cutting the powder into fragments, adding a proper amount of water or protein lysate, and extracting protein at high temperature and high pressure in an autoclave;
step B, centrifuging the extracting solution at high speed, taking a proper amount of supernatant into a protein ultrafiltration tube, centrifuging at high speed, adding an ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution, and adding enzyme to perform hydrolysis reaction;
and C: and after the enzymolysis is finished, high-speed centrifugation is carried out, and the filtrate is collected and used for mass spectrometric detection and analysis.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the advantages of simple operation, good specificity, high sensitivity and accuracy, no influence of a production process, capability of solving the problem that the current natural leather is real and fake and is difficult to distinguish, effectively restraining fake and fake leather products in the market, maintaining the economic order of the leather market and ensuring the stable development of the leather industry.
In the step A, the temperature for extracting the protein is 60-150 ℃, and the extraction time is 5-40 min.
In the step A, the temperature of the protein is 90-130 ℃, and the extraction time is 10-25 min.
The protein lysate in the step A is an aqueous solution prepared from 7mol/L urea, 2mol/L thiourea and 4% (w/V) CHAPS, and is used as a protein extracting agent in the invention as with pure water.
Preferably, in the step B, the enzyme is trypsin, the enzymolysis temperature is controlled at 30-40 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 1-10h, preferably 3-6 h.
Preferably, in the step B, dithiothreitol may be added to open disulfide bonds in the protein before enzymolysis, and iodoacetamide is used to perform alkylation protection on thiol groups. Namely: adding dithiothreitol solution, reacting at constant temperature for 1 hour, adding iodoacetamide solution, reacting in dark place, and transferring to a protein ultrafiltration tube.
Preferably, in the step B, the protein may also be directly subjected to enzymolysis.
Preferably, in the step B, the concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution is 20mmol-200 mmol.
In the step B, the mass spectrum condition is a positive ion scanning mode, the MRM monitoring mode acquires ion information, and the animal species attribute of the leather can be confirmed according to the characteristic peptide signal peak.
In the step C, the liquid chromatography separation condition is to adopt C8 and C18 chromatographic columns for separation, and take a formic acid aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 0.1 percent and acetonitrile or methanol or a mixed solvent of the methanol and the acetonitrile as a mobile phase for gradient elution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the DNA of the leather product is damaged after the leather product is processed by the process, the species attribute of the leather product cannot be identified by the traditional PCR method, the characteristic peptide provided by the invention can still be effectively detected after the leather product is processed by the process, the sensitivity is high, the determination result is accurate, the problem that the leather product is true and false and difficult to distinguish is solved, and a reliable technical means is provided for the species identification of the leather product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ion flow chromatogram of a characteristic peptide segment a of a pig leather sample.
FIG. 2 is an ion flow chromatogram of a characteristic peptide segment b of a pig leather sample.
FIG. 3 is an ion flow chromatogram of characteristic peptide segment c of a pig leather sample.
FIG. 4 is an ion flow chromatogram of a characteristic peptide segment d of a bovine leather sample.
FIG. 5 is an ion flow chromatogram of a characteristic peptide fragment e of a bovine leather sample.
FIG. 6 is an ion flow chromatogram of a characteristic peptide segment f of a bovine leather sample.
FIG. 7 is an ion flow chromatogram of characteristic peptide segment g of a sheep leather sample.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
A leather sample, designated as pig leather, was cut into pieces, 0.4g of the sample was weighed into a glass tube, 3mL of 100 mmol of ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution was added, extracted in an autoclave at 115 ℃ for 10min, and cooled to room temperature. The extract was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 12000r/min for 15 min. Transferring 200 μ L of the supernatant into a protein ultrafiltration tube, adding 1 μ g of trypsin, and hydrolyzing in a 36 deg.C water bath for 5 h. Centrifuging at 14000r/min for 35min, collecting the filtrate, and waiting for mass spectrometric detection.
A detection instrument: waters liquid chromatography tandem AB SCIEX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.
The liquid phase separation conditions were: a C18 chromatographic column is taken as a separation chromatographic column, and a formic acid aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 0.1 percent and acetonitrile are respectively taken as A, B mobile phases; the gradient of the mobile phase is tabulated below:
the mass spectrum conditions are as follows: and (3) detecting three pairs of ion pairs of 406.2>556.3, 746.8>903.5 and 455.2>684.4 in a positive ion scanning mode and an MRM monitoring mode, wherein the result shows that characteristic peptide signal peaks of cattle and sheep are not found, and characteristic peptide signal peaks of pigs are detected, and are identified as pig leather samples as shown in figure 1 and are consistent with identification. The leather sample is indeed pig leather verified by a PCR method.
Example 2
The leather sample marked as cow leather is frozen by liquid nitrogen and ground into powder, 0.5g of the sample is weighed and placed in a glass tube, 3mL of aqueous solution is added, extraction is carried out in an autoclave at 105 ℃ for 20min, and cooling is carried out to room temperature. Transferring the extract into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging at 14000r/min for 10 min. Transferring 250 mu L of the supernatant into a centrifuge tube, adding 2 mu L of dithiothreitol solution, and reacting at 37 ℃ for 1 hour. Adding iodoacetamide solution 10 μ L, reacting in dark for 30min, and transferring to protein ultrafiltration tube. After centrifugation at 14000rpm for 30min, 100. mu.L of ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution was added, centrifugation at 14000rpm for 30min was carried out, and washing was repeated 1 to 3 times, and then 100. mu.L of ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution and 2. mu.g of trypsin were added, and the reaction was carried out in a 37 ℃ incubator for 10 hours. Centrifuging at 14000r/min for 35min, collecting the filtrate, and waiting for mass spectrometric detection.
A detection instrument: waters liquid chromatography tandem AB SCIEX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.
The liquid phase separation conditions were: a C18 chromatographic column is taken as a separation chromatographic column, and a formic acid aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 0.1 percent and acetonitrile are respectively taken as A, B mobile phases; the gradient of the mobile phase is tabulated below:
the mass spectrum conditions are as follows: and (3) detecting three pairs of ion pairs of 739.8>875.4, 641.3>726.2 and 455.2>684.4 in a positive ion scanning mode and an MRM monitoring mode, wherein the result shows that characteristic peptide signal peaks of pigs and sheep are not found, and characteristic peptide signal peaks of cows are detected, and are identified as cow leather samples as shown in figure 4 and are consistent with identification. To highlight the advantages of the method, the samples were tested by PCR for comparison of results. The result that the PCR method can not detect the leather components shows that the method has stronger sample applicability, is not influenced by the processing technology and is obviously superior to the traditional PCR detection method.
Example 3
A leather sample, designated as sheep leather, was cut into pieces, 0.4g of the sample was weighed into a glass tube, 3mL of aqueous solution was added, extracted at 122 ℃ for 15min in an autoclave, and cooled to room temperature. The extract was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 12000r/min for 15 min. Transferring 200 μ L of the supernatant into a protein ultrafiltration tube, centrifuging at 14000r/min for 40min, adding 100 μ L of ammonium bicarbonate water solution and 2 μ g of trypsin, and hydrolyzing in a 36 deg.C water bath for 6 h. Centrifuging at 14000r/min for 40min, collecting the filtrate, and waiting for mass spectrometric detection.
A detection instrument: waters liquid chromatography tandem AB SCIEX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.
The liquid phase separation conditions were: a C18 chromatographic column is taken as a separation chromatographic column, and a formic acid aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 0.1 percent and acetonitrile are respectively taken as A, B mobile phases; the gradient of the mobile phase is tabulated below:
the mass spectrum conditions are as follows: and (3) detecting three pairs of ion pairs of 773.9>1034.6, 738.8>830.4 and 455.2>684.4 in a positive ion scanning mode and an MRM monitoring mode, wherein the result shows that characteristic peptide signal peaks of pigs and sheep are not found, and characteristic peptide signal peaks of cattle are detected, and are identified as cattle leather samples as shown in figure 6 and do not accord with identification. The leather sample is indeed the cow leather verified by the PCR method, and the method has accurate identification result.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The characteristic peptide for identifying the leather is characterized by comprising three characteristic peptides of the pigskin, wherein the amino acid sequences are respectively as follows: (a) GPTGPAGVR, respectively; (b) TGETGASGPP GFAGEK (P represents proline hydroxylation); (c) GETGPAGPAGPVGPVGAR, respectively; the three characteristic peptides of cow leather have amino acid sequences as follows: (d) GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR, respectively; (e) SGETGASGPP GFVGEK (P indicates proline hydroxylation); (f) SGETGASGPPGFVGEK, respectively; a characteristic peptide of sheep skin has an amino acid sequence as follows: (g) GPAGPTGPAGK are provided.
2. The signature peptide of claim 1, wherein the parent ions of the signature peptide fragment are (a) m/z 406.2, (b) m/z 739.8, (c) m/z773.9, (d) m/z 641.3, (e) m/z 746.8, (f) m/z 738.9, and (g) m/z455.2, respectively.
3. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for identifying leather according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a, freezing a leather product by using liquid nitrogen, grinding the frozen leather product into powder or directly cutting the powder into fragments, adding a proper amount of water or protein lysate, and extracting protein in an autoclave;
step B, centrifuging the extracting solution at high speed, taking a proper amount of supernatant into a protein ultrafiltration tube, centrifuging at high speed, adding an ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution, and adding enzyme for hydrolysis reaction;
and C: and after the enzymolysis is finished, high-speed centrifugation is carried out, and the filtrate is collected and used for mass spectrometric detection and analysis.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step A, the temperature for extracting the protein is 60-150 ℃ and the extraction time is 5-40 min.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein in step A, the protein is extracted at a temperature of 90-130 ℃ for 10-25 min.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step B, the enzyme is trypsin, the enzymolysis temperature is controlled at 30-40 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 1-10h, preferably 3-6 h.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein in step B, dithiothreitol is added to open disulfide bonds in the protein before enzymolysis, and the thiol group is protected by alkylation with iodoacetamide.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein in step B, the protein is directly subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step C, the liquid chromatography separation conditions are C8 and C18 chromatographic columns, and the gradient elution is carried out by using aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile or methanol or a mixed solvent of methanol and acetonitrile as a mobile phase.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step B, the mass spectrum condition is a positive ion scanning mode, the MRM monitoring mode collects ion information, and the animal species attribute of the leather can be confirmed according to the characteristic peptide signal peak.
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| CN111443134A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-07-24 | 北京化工大学 | Labeled peptide of sheep-derived component and application of labeled peptide in detection of gelatin and gelatin products |
| CN117106031A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-24 | 山东省食品药品检验研究院 | Common characteristic peptide segment of reindeer horn, camel horn and deer horn and application thereof |
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| CN117106031A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-24 | 山东省食品药品检验研究院 | Common characteristic peptide segment of reindeer horn, camel horn and deer horn and application thereof |
| CN117106031B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-02 | 山东省食品药品检验研究院 | Common characteristic peptide segment of reindeer horn, camel horn and deer horn and application thereof |
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