CN110596245A - Active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects and detection method - Google Patents
Active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110596245A CN110596245A CN201910983404.XA CN201910983404A CN110596245A CN 110596245 A CN110596245 A CN 110596245A CN 201910983404 A CN201910983404 A CN 201910983404A CN 110596245 A CN110596245 A CN 110596245A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects and a detection method, and relates to the technical field of bridge engineering design, wherein the active guided wave array sensor comprises a sleeve and a sensor measurement and control array, wherein the sensor measurement and control array is arranged on the inner side of the sleeve; the sensor measurement and control array comprises piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. The sensor is in a cylindrical shape and is adaptive to the shape of the inhaul cable, and rubber at the end part and around the sensor is used for blocking external sound, so that the monitoring accuracy is improved; the sensor outer sleeve adopts the steel sleeve, can shield external environment electromagnetism and noise interference. Different sizes are customized, single-strand, multi-strand and whole-bundle installation is carried out, and the installation is installed at the cable anchoring end and is used for monitoring the cable damage condition for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to an active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects and a detection method.
Background
Guy cables are key stressed components of cable bridges and are subjected to wind-induced vibration, temperature changes and corrosion in addition to load bearing. Cable member failures begin with single wire fatigue or corrosion cracking, evolving into a full bundle cable failure. The current main methods for detecting the defect state of the stay cable comprise: acoustic emission sensors, photoelectric sensors, capacitive sensors, manual detection, and the like; the states of the inhaul cables can be detected through the means, early warning is carried out, but the existing devices have the problems of inconvenient installation, easy interference of external environment, insufficient precision, high maintenance cost, unsuitability for long-term field monitoring and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects and a detection method, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects comprises a sleeve and a sensor measurement and control array, wherein the sensor measurement and control array is arranged on the inner side of the sleeve;
the sensor measurement and control array comprises piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the sleeve is made of stainless steel or other materials, and the inner side wall and the outer side wall are coated with antirust paint.
Preferably, the sleeve is provided with a wire guide groove and a wire insertion hole, the wire insertion hole is arranged along the radial direction of the sleeve, the wire guide groove is arranged along the inner side of the sleeve, and the wire insertion hole is communicated with the wire guide groove;
the lead groove is used for installing a lead connected with the PZT wafer of the piezoelectric sensor.
Preferably, the PZT wafer of the piezoelectric sensor is connected with a lead through an alloy connecting arm; the wire inserting hole is an armored wire inserting hole.
Preferably, a lead sheet is arranged between the piezoelectric sensor PZT wafer and the alloy connecting arm, the lead sheet and the alloy connecting arm are welded or bonded, and the lead sheet and the PZT wafer are connected in a sticking manner.
Preferably, the outer side and the two ends of the sensor sleeve are provided with isolation layers, each isolation layer comprises a rubber layer and an iron wire, and the rubber layer is arranged on the inner side of the iron wire.
The invention also aims to provide a method for testing the defect of the stay cable, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a sensor device, and respectively arranging an exciter excitation end and a sensor receiving end, wherein the exciter forms an array element signal in a signal matrix;
s2, the array element signal generated in the step S1 propagates along the guy cable body, and when the array element signal encounters a defect, a waveform mutation signal is generated;
and S3, the receiving end of the sensor receives the waveform mutation signal, quantifies the mutation signal and determines the defect position.
Preferably, step S1 includes the following: the cable defect active guided wave array sensor is installed on a cable body of a cable, one piezoelectric sensor PZT wafer is selected to be used as an exciter for excitation, and other piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers are used as sensor receiving ends.
Preferably, step S1 includes: the guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor and the magnetostrictive guided wave sensor array are combined for use, the guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor is used as an excitation end, and the magnetostrictive guided wave sensor array is used as a receiving end.
Preferably, step S3 specifically includes:
for a waveform sudden change signal generated by cable damage or expansion, the displacement at a position D from a sound source is estimated by adopting HF-RMS, namely:
a is the characteristic amplitude of the sound source; λ -acoustic wavelength; ξ -the attenuation produced per wavelength; d-distance of sensor and sound source location; u-displacement of the transducer and sound source position.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the PWASA shape provided by the invention is in a cylinder shape and is adaptive to the shape of the inhaul cable, and the rubber at the end part and around the sensor is used for blocking external sound, so that the monitoring accuracy is improved; the sensor outer sleeve adopts the steel sleeve, can shield external environment electromagnetism and noise interference. Nimble installation that is applicable to various actual conditions to customize not unidimensional, carry out single strand, stranded and whole bundle of installation, PWASA installs at cable anchor end for long-term monitoring cable damage condition. According to the cylindrical surface guided wave theory, when the number of the piezoelectric sensors arranged in the circumferential direction is larger than the highest mode number under the excitation frequency, the bending modes are inhibited due to destructive interference of all the bending modes, the influence of guided wave multi-mode and frequency dispersion characteristics is reduced, and the monitoring accuracy of the sensors is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective isometric view of a cable defect active guided wave array sensor;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a cable defect active guided wave array sensor;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a cable defect active guided wave array sensor;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a cable defect active guided wave array sensor;
1. 2, designing a rubber sealing layer, 3, an armored wire inserting hole, 4, a rubber layer, 5, a sensor measurement and control array module, 6, a lead, 7, a lead groove, 8, an alloy connecting arm, 9 and a PZT wafer;
figure 5 is a guided wave array numerical solution process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an active guided wave array sensor for inhaul cable defects, which comprises a sleeve and a sensor measurement and control array, wherein the sensor measurement and control array is arranged on the inner side of the sleeve, as shown in fig. 1;
the sensor measurement and control array comprises piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, six wafers are arranged in the embodiment, and other quantities can be set according to the diameter of the inhaul cable.
In order to ensure that the sensor is used for isolating electromagnetic interference and improving the measurement accuracy, the sleeve is made of stainless steel or other materials, and the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the sleeve are coated with antirust paint. The sensor comprises a sensor sleeve and is characterized in that isolation layers are arranged on the outer side and two ends of the sensor sleeve and comprise a rubber layer and an iron wire net, and the rubber layer is arranged on the inner side of the iron wire layer. The outer diameter is 3.5-10cm, the inner diameter is 2-8.5cm, the length is 12-20cm, and the size of the sensor steel casing suitable for the whole cable can be customized according to the outer diameter of the cable. The rubber layer is made of butyl rubber, the thickness of the rubber layer is 0.5cm, and the rubber layer is waterproof and dustproof and further isolates external noise interference.
In order to realize power supply and signal connection, a wire groove and a wire inserting hole are formed in the sleeve, the wire inserting hole is arranged along the radial direction of the sleeve, the wire groove is arranged along the inner side of the sleeve, and the wire inserting hole is communicated with the wire groove; the lead groove is used for installing a lead connected with a PZT wafer of the piezoelectric sensor, and the PZT wafer of the piezoelectric sensor is connected with the lead through an alloy connecting arm; the wire inserting hole is an armored wire inserting hole, so that rust prevention and water prevention can be better realized, and external electromagnetic interference is further isolated.
The lead sheet is arranged between the piezoelectric sensor PZT wafer and the alloy connecting arms, the lead sheet is welded or bonded between the alloy connecting arms, and the lead sheet is connected with the PZT wafer in a sticking mode.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the PZT wafer is 5mm, the thickness of the PZT wafer is 2mm, and the PZT wafer and the alloy connecting arm are connected by adopting a lead sheet with the same diameter of 5mm and the same thickness of 2 mm. The alloy connecting arm is made of copper sheets or Ni-Ti alloy, and the flexible copper sheets or alloy can adapt to the shape of the inhaul cable, so that the PZT wafer is tightly attached to the surface of the inhaul cable; the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy has softer rigidity and is more suitable for long-term use.
Example 2
The method for testing the cable by adopting the cable defect active guided wave array sensor in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a sensor device, and respectively arranging an exciter excitation end and a sensor receiving end, wherein the exciter forms an array element signal in a signal matrix;
s2, the array element signal generated in the step S1 propagates along the guy cable body, and when the array element signal encounters a defect, a waveform mutation signal is generated;
and S3, the receiving end of the sensor receives the waveform mutation signal, quantifies the mutation signal and determines the defect position.
It should be noted that step S1 can be implemented in two ways to set the exciter side and the sensor side, the first way is:
the cable defect active guided wave array sensor is installed on a cable body of a cable, one piezoelectric sensor PZT wafer is selected to be used as an exciter for excitation, and other piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers are used as sensor receiving ends.
In the step, a circulation method is adopted to obtain PWAS array element data, one array element is used as an exciter exciting end, and the other array elements are used as sensor receiving ends, so that a column of array element signals in a signal matrix are formed.
The second method is that the guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor and the magnetostrictive guided wave sensor array are combined for use, the whole guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor is used as an excitation end, time delay and weighting are adopted, and a plurality of array elements are excited simultaneously to realize focusing and performance optimization of beam forming; the magnetostrictive guided wave sensor array serves as a receiving end and receives signals to form a signal matrix.
In the method, PWAS with small size is used as array element excitation, EMATs receive guided waves, and focusing and performance optimization of beam forming are realized by adopting time delay and weighting, so that the sensitivity of the concerned defect position is obtained, the array gain is improved, and the noise is reduced.
Step S3 quantizes the received waveform mutation signal, and calculates the sound wave signal energy of the received waveform mutation signal, the calculation method is as follows:
the energy of the received acoustic signal over the T period is quantified using the following high frequency square root method (HF-RMS):
s represents the electrical signal energy per unit time
When solving for < s >, the cut-off frequency was taken to be 400kHz for carbon/epoxy (C/epoxy) 2-4mm thick.
For a waveform sudden change signal generated by cable damage or expansion, if the displacement at a position D away from a sound source is calculated, HF-RMS is adopted for estimation, namely:
a is the characteristic amplitude of the sound source; λ -acoustic wavelength; ξ -the attenuation produced per wavelength; d-distance of sensor and sound source location; u-displacement of the transducer and sound source position.
Because the position of each PWAS from the sound source is different, the spatial position of the sound source can be accurately positioned through the formula. The excitation generates axisymmetric longitudinal mode guided waves, and after the guided waves are reflected by the discrete distribution local defects, non-axisymmetric bending modes are generated. Meanwhile, due to the frequency dispersion characteristic, guided wave signals become very complex in amplitude, modal quantity and form, the specific guided wave array numerical value solving process is shown in fig. 5, firstly, ultrasonic guided waves received by a receiving end are detected, then discrete wavelet transform processing is adopted, the discrete wavelet transform processing result is simplified and thresholded to obtain a wavelet transform coefficient vector, a characteristic value is extracted and obtained, a damage index is calculated by means of the obtained characteristic value, meanwhile, non-uniformity inspection is carried out on the calculated result, if the calculated result exceeds a set reference value, the damage index numerical value is determined to be an outlier, and the condition that the cable structure to be monitored is damaged is indicated; if the reference value is not exceeded, the stay cable structure to be detected is sound.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
the shape of the active guided wave array sensor for the defects of the inhaul cable is in a cylindrical shape and is matched with that of the inhaul cable, and rubber is arranged at the end part and the periphery of the sensor to block external sound, so that the monitoring accuracy is improved; the sensor outer sleeve adopts the steel sleeve, can shield external environment electromagnetism and noise interference. The structure can be flexibly suitable for various practical situations of inhaul cable installation, and different sizes can be customized or single-strand, multi-strand and whole-bundle installation can be carried out. When the cable damage monitoring device is used, the sensor is installed at the cable anchoring end and used for monitoring the cable damage condition for a long time. According to the cylindrical surface guided wave theory, when the number of the piezoelectric sensors arranged in the circumferential direction is larger than the highest mode number under the excitation frequency, the bending modes are inhibited due to destructive interference of all the bending modes, the influence of guided wave multi-mode and frequency dispersion characteristics is reduced, and the monitoring accuracy of the sensors is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The active guided wave array sensor for the defects of the inhaul cables is characterized by comprising a sleeve and a sensor measurement and control array, wherein the sensor measurement and control array is arranged on the inner side of the sleeve;
the sensor measurement and control array comprises piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction.
2. The active inhaul cable defect guided wave array sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sleeve is made of stainless steel or other materials, and the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the sleeve are coated with anti-rust paint.
3. The active inhaul cable defect guided wave array sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sleeve is provided with a wire guide groove and a wire insertion hole, the wire insertion hole is arranged along the radial direction of the sleeve, the wire guide groove is arranged along the inner side of the sleeve, and the wire insertion hole is communicated with the wire guide groove;
the lead groove is used for installing a lead connected with the PZT wafer of the piezoelectric sensor.
4. The active guided wave array sensor for the inhaul cable defects as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PZT wafer is connected with a lead through an alloy connecting arm; the wire inserting hole is an armored wire inserting hole.
5. The active guided wave array sensor for the inhaul cable defects according to claim 4, wherein a lead sheet is arranged between the PZT wafer and the alloy connecting arm, the lead sheet and the alloy connecting arm are welded or bonded, and the lead sheet and the PZT wafer are connected in a sticking mode.
6. The active inhaul cable defect guided wave array sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein isolation layers are arranged on the outer side and two ends of the sensor sleeve, each isolation layer comprises a rubber layer and a wire mesh, and the rubber layer is arranged on the inner side of the wire mesh.
7. The method for testing the guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, mounting a sensor device, and respectively arranging an exciter excitation end and a sensor receiving end, wherein the exciter forms an array element signal in a signal matrix;
s2, the array element signal generated in the step S1 propagates along the guy cable body, and when the array element signal encounters a defect, a waveform mutation signal is generated;
and S3, the receiving end of the sensor receives the waveform mutation signal, quantifies the mutation signal and determines the defect position.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein step S1 includes the following steps: the cable defect active guided wave array sensor is installed on a cable body of a cable, one piezoelectric sensor PZT wafer is selected to be used as an exciter for excitation, and other piezoelectric sensor PZT wafers are used as sensor receiving ends.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein step S1 includes:
the guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor and the magnetostrictive guided wave sensor array are combined for use, the guy cable defect active guided wave array sensor is used as an excitation end, and the magnetostrictive guided wave sensor array is used as a receiving end.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein step S3 specifically comprises:
for a waveform sudden change signal generated by cable damage or expansion, the displacement at a position D from a sound source is estimated by adopting HF-RMS, namely:
a is the characteristic amplitude of the sound source; λ -acoustic wavelength; ξ -the attenuation produced per wavelength; d-distance of sensor and sound source location; u-displacement of the transducer and sound source position.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113237957A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-10 | 郑州大学 | Acoustic emission-based parallel steel wire inhaul cable damage space positioning algorithm |
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