CN110596089A - 一种马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法 - Google Patents
一种马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法,利用不同的不锈钢其合金元素含量不同会使得其在相同溶液中其腐蚀电位不同的特性,通过调整溶液配比使其析出电位介于需要区分的两种不锈钢之间,从而令其充当指示剂的作用,进而区分异种材料。因其使用酸溶液浓度远低于低倍观察所用的酸溶液,且其不需要腐蚀出晶粒结构,腐蚀时间一般小于10s。检测后可以立即用水冲洗,干燥,对表面几乎没有影响,可以认为其对样品无损害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及快速区分两种不同不锈钢机加工件的无损检验,具体涉及到一种新的鉴定方法及相关的一类具有指示剂作用的溶剂的调配及使用。
背景技术
目前现场区分鉴别不同类别的不锈钢大致有以下几种方法:
1、可以使用便携式XRF(X射线荧光光谱仪)进行快速成分的无损分析,根据成分区分两种类别的不锈钢。一是其设备价格昂贵,二是其局限于零部件形状,对有些有些特殊位置无法检测。
2、取样进行金相分析,根据金相组织区分。但其会破坏零部件。或者可以直接在零部件局部进行现场金相,但其对表面质量及精度要求较高的零部件,使用后需要对零部件进行返修。
3、利用不同类别不锈钢磁性特点进行区分,但其局限性较大,不能区分两种磁性能相同的不锈钢。且对于焊接件,尤其是采用不同磁性的不锈钢进行零部件表面修复,由于其修复层很薄,这种情况下这种方法通常失去作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中场区分鉴别不同类别的不锈钢时样品表面有损或者需要使用昂贵仪器的缺陷,提供一种快速判别马氏体不锈钢零件表面是否使用奥氏体不锈钢补焊的方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
一种马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将Cu2+离子溶液、酸液和水进行调配,使得混合液的析出电位介于需要区分的两种不锈钢之间;
S2、使用酒精擦洗待测零部件位置,去除表面残余油污;
S3、另取脱脂棉,浸泡预先配置好的试剂,用棉球擦拭待检测零件表面区域;
S4、5-10s后观察表面有无变红,进行判断;
S5、用水清洗零部件,立即干燥。
进一步的,所述的Cu2+离子溶液为硫酸铜,氯化铜和硝酸铜中的任意一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的酸液为硫酸,盐酸,硝酸中的任意一种或多种。
进一步的,区分马氏体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢时,采用硫酸铜2-10g,盐酸10-20ml,水20-50ml,混合均匀待用,使用酒精擦洗待测零部件位置5-10s后观察表面有无变红,即有无铜析出,析出即为15-5马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢,无铜析出即为腐蚀电位较高的304奥氏体不锈钢。
本发明所达到的有益效果是:本发明利用不同的不锈钢其合金元素含量不同会使得其在相同溶液中其腐蚀电位不同的特性,配置专用溶液达到区分的目的。通常情况下侵蚀奥氏体不锈钢及沉淀硬化不锈钢均可使用含有Cu2+离子的溶液,其原因是在特定溶液环境下Cu2+氧化性较强可以腐蚀不锈钢晶界,从而在光学显微镜下形成亮度差。为保证金相试样在金相显微镜下出现清洗的金相组织,溶液配比需抑制Cu2+的析出造成试样污染。本申请利用Cu2+氧化性较强,通过调整溶液配比使其析出电位介于需要区分的两种不锈钢之间,从而令其充当指示剂的作用,进而区分异种材料。因其使用酸溶液浓度远低于低倍观察所用的酸溶液,且其不需要腐蚀出晶粒结构,腐蚀时间一般小于10s。检测后可以立即用水冲洗,干燥,对表面几乎没有影响,可以认为其对样品无损害。本发明可以用于各类零部件表面及深孔内壁(可以观察内壁情况即可)零部件检测如轴类、深孔类及叶轮类等零件表面的及深孔内壁的检测。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
带有中心孔沉淀硬化不锈钢制15-5叶轮,判断其孔内壁是否存在304补焊层(补焊厚度1mm左右),具体步骤如下:
S1、配置溶液,使用硫酸铜4g,水60ml,盐酸20ml(浓度36%),溶液PH值接近1,每件零部件用量10ml;
S2、使用脱脂浸泡酒精擦洗待测零部件表面,去除表面残余油污;
S3、另取脱脂棉,浸泡预先配置好的试剂,用棉球擦拭待检测零件表面区域,
S4、5-10s后观察表面有无变红,若表面无红色铜析出,则证明该孔内壁使用奥氏体钢304补焊。不方便观察可以使用内窥镜。
S5、最后,用水清洗零部件,立即干燥。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将Cu2+离子溶液、酸液和水进行调配,使得混合液的析出电位介于需要区分的两种不锈钢之间;
S2、使用酒精擦洗待测零部件位置,去除表面残余油污;
S3、另取脱脂棉,浸泡预先配置好的试剂,用棉球擦拭待检测零件表面区域;
S4、5-10s后观察表面有无变红,进行判断;
S5、用水清洗零部件,立即干燥。
2.如权利要求1所述的马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法,其特征在于,所述的Cu2+离子溶液为硫酸铜,氯化铜和硝酸铜中的任意一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法,其特征在于,所述的酸液为硫酸,盐酸,硝酸中的任意一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的马氏体不锈钢零件焊补材料的快速无损检验的方法,其特征在于,区分马氏体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢时,采用硫酸铜2-10g,盐酸10-20ml,水20-50ml,混合均匀待用,使用酒精擦洗待测零部件位置5-10s后观察表面有无变红,即有无铜析出,析出即为15-5马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢,无铜析出即为腐蚀电位较高的304奥氏体不锈钢。
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