CN110593005B - Application of plant ash in paper deacidification and method for deacidifying paper by using plant ash - Google Patents

Application of plant ash in paper deacidification and method for deacidifying paper by using plant ash Download PDF

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CN110593005B
CN110593005B CN201910759073.1A CN201910759073A CN110593005B CN 110593005 B CN110593005 B CN 110593005B CN 201910759073 A CN201910759073 A CN 201910759073A CN 110593005 B CN110593005 B CN 110593005B
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paper
plant ash
deacidification
deacidifying
value
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CN110593005A (en
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陈苏庆
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Guangdong Zhongquan Collection Restoration Co ltd
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Guangdong Zhongquan Collection Restoration Co ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/12—Coatings without pigments applied as a solution using water as the only solvent, e.g. in the presence of acid or alkaline compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/18—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00 of old paper as in books, documents, e.g. restoring

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides application of plant ash in paper deacidification and a method for deacidifying paper by using the plant ash. The method for deacidifying the paper by using the plant ash has the advantages of being simple to operate, using natural deacidifying agents as reagents and being controllable in concentration, and the paper deacidified by the method can effectively improve the mechanical property of the paper after embrittlement, and reduce the acidification speed of the paper, is particularly suitable for repairing fragile paper cultural relics of ancient calligraphy and painting paper money and the like in long ages, does not damage the paper, and does not generate secondary damage to the calligraphy and painting.

Description

Application of plant ash in paper deacidification and method for deacidifying paper by using plant ash
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultural relic restoration, and particularly relates to application of plant ash in paper deacidification and a method for deacidifying paper by using the plant ash.
Background
The condition favorable for long-term preservation of the paper is that the paper is neutral or alkalescent. It is often the case that most papers tend to become progressively acidified as the storage time increases. Tests show that after the paper with the pH value of more than 6 is subjected to artificial accelerated aging at 100 ℃ for 48 hours, the folding strength can still keep more than 90% of the original strength; on the other hand, for paper with pH less than 5, the folding strength is reduced rapidly after aging under the same condition, and only 35% or less of the original strength is kept. Most of paper made by modern machines is acidic, the durability is not good, and the paper is very seriously degraded after being stored for decades, even the paper is broken by touch. The handmade paper with complex and fussy manufacturing process, particularly the rice paper manufactured by the traditional Chinese process, has alkaline paper quality, so the handmade paper has good durability and has a 'paper life of thousands of years'.
However, both hand and machine papers become increasingly acidified over time. The main reasons for acidification of paper are: 1. the acidic substances are derived from the papermaking process, and the substances are extracted raw materials for removing impurities in papermaking raw materials in the papermaking process, such as the raw materials are treated by sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, chlorine, calcium hydrogen sulfate and the like, so that chemical residues are deposited in fibers, and the acidification of paper is accelerated; 2. the additive material alum used in the papermaking process generates intermediate sulfuric acid in hydrolysis, and is also one of main factors of paper acidification; 3. the raw materials for papermaking are mainly wood and straw, and contain a large amount of non-cellulose substances such as lignin and the like, so that the raw materials are acidic, or acidic derivatives are generated by oxidizing and hydrolyzing the substances; 4. writing with acid inks, pigments, can also cause an increase in paper acidity; 5. a certain amount of acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and the like exist in the air, and the paper absorbs the gases and reacts with water under the condition that trace metal ions participate in catalysis to generate sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and the like, so that the paper is promoted to be acidified.
The paper acidification is not carried out by only one factor independently, but multiple factors exist simultaneously and interact with each other, so that the paper acidification process is accelerated. Therefore, in order to prolong the storage life of paper articles, especially painting and calligraphy cultural relics, the paper needs to be deacidified, and the service life of the paper is fundamentally prolonged. The deacidification principle is to remove hydrogen ions in paper actually, and adopts a method of neutralizing the hydrogen ions in the paper by using alkaline substances. The existing paper deacidification methods include a gas phase deacidification method and a liquid phase deacidification method, and the liquid phase deacidification method is divided into an aqueous solution method and an organic solution method. The deacidification method by the aqueous solution method is simple, convenient and safe to operate and is suitable for deacidification treatment of a small amount of paper; the deacidification efficiency of the organic solvent is high. However, in the process of implementing the embodiments of the present application, the inventors of the present application found that in deacidification of an aqueous solution, the soaked paper warps after drying due to the presence of water; the organic solvent deacidification has the defects that some solvents are inflammable and toxic, have potential safety hazards during operation and have higher cost.
Therefore, there is still a need to develop new deacidification agents and methods.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art in the prior art, an object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an application of plant ash in deacidification of paper, and an object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for deacidification of paper by using plant ash.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the application of plant ash in deacidification of paper.
The plant ash is the ash left after the plant residue is burnt. For a long time, the rural areas generally use rice straws, wheat straws, corn stalks, cotton stalks, branches and fallen leaves as fuels, so the plant ash is rich in resources and low in price.
The composition of the plant ash is extremely complex,contains various ash elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and various trace nutrient elements, wherein the content of potassium and calcium is the highest. The components of plant ash are related to plant species, plant seedling age and other factors. Generally, the plant ash contains more silicon, the phosphorus, potassium and calcium are less, and the wood ash contains more phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The ash content of the same plant species at different seedling ages also has different components. The ash content of young tissue contains more phosphorus and potassium, and the ash content of aged tissue contains more calcium and silicon. In the case of potassium, plant ash contains a number of potassium salts, with potassium carbonate being the major, followed by potassium sulfate and a small amount of potassium chloride. The plant ash has different colors and potassiums due to different burning temperatures, and the higher the burning temperature is, the potassium and silicic acid are dissolved together to form K with low solubility2SiO3It is grey white and has poor fertilizer efficiency. The plant ash burnt at low temperature is generally black and gray. In addition, the plant ash also contains phosphorus (P)2O5) 1.5-3.0%, and most of the phosphorus is soluble phosphorus.
Plant ash is used as an alkaline substance, and is generally used in fertilizer processing and traditional food.
In order to ensure the stability of the plant ash performance, the plant ash in the embodiment of the invention is obtained by burning rice straws or other single plants, and the mixed plant ash can influence the deacidification effect and increase the deacidification risk.
The method for deacidifying the paper by using the plant ash comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a plant ash deacidification agent, and wetting the surface of the paper to be treated;
s2: uniformly applying the plant ash deacidification agent prepared in the step S1 on the surface of the paper to be treated, and standing;
s3: the sheet treated in step S2 was washed with water, and the ph of the sheet surface was measured.
Preferably, in step S1, the preparation method of the plant ash deacidification agent comprises: and (3) soaking the plant ash in boiling water, standing and filtering to obtain liquid, namely the plant ash deacidification agent.
More preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the plant ash to the boiling water is (1-5): 10.
Preferably, in step S1, the degree of wetting of the sheet surface is 100%.
Preferably, the standing time is 25-35 min.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes repeating steps S1-S3 if the ph of the surface of the paper does not reach the standard.
Preferably, the pH value of the surface of the paper reaching the standard is 7-8.5.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects
1. The embodiment of the invention provides the application of the plant ash in deacidification of paper, and the plant ash has the advantages of rich resources, easily obtained raw materials, low price and wide application prospect;
2. the embodiment of the invention provides a method for deacidifying paper by using plant ash, the method is simple to operate, the reagent is a natural deacidification agent, the concentration is controllable, and the paper deacidified by the method of the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the mechanical property of the paper after embrittlement and reduce the acidification speed of the paper;
3. the method for deacidifying paper by using wood ash provided by the embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for repairing fragile paper cultural relics such as ancient calligraphy and painting paper money and the like in a long time, does not damage the paper and does not generate secondary damage to the calligraphy and painting.
Detailed Description
One purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an application of plant ash in deacidification of paper, and the other purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for deacidification of paper by using plant ash.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the above technical solutions will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The application of plant ash in deacidification of paper.
Example 2
The method for deacidifying the paper by using the plant ash comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a plant ash deacidification agent, and wetting the surface of the paper to be treated;
s2: uniformly applying the plant ash deacidification agent prepared in the step S1 on the surface of the paper to be treated, and standing;
s3: the sheet treated in step S2 was washed with water, and the ph of the sheet surface was measured.
In step S1, the preparation method of the plant ash deacidification agent comprises: and (3) soaking the plant ash in boiling water, standing and filtering to obtain liquid, namely the plant ash deacidification agent. The mass ratio of the plant ash to the boiling water is (1-5): 10. The degree of wetting of the paper surface was 100%. And standing for 25-35 min.
And S3, if the pH value of the surface of the paper does not reach the standard, repeating the steps S1-S3. The pH value of the surface of the paper reaching the standard is 7-8.5.
Example 3
This example used the method of example 2 to deacidify acidified paper.
The processing object is as follows: the couplet painting core is connected upwards (126 multiplied by 32 cm);
equipment: the high-precision acid-base tester (-2-16 pH) can quickly and accurately read the pH value only by wetting the surface of the paper;
deacidifying agent: the plant ash deacidification agent has the concentration of 10 wt%.
The operation process comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a plant ash deacidification agent, and wetting the surface of the paper to be treated;
s2: uniformly applying the plant ash deacidification agent prepared in the step S1 on the surface of the paper to be treated, and standing;
s3: the sheet treated in step S2 was washed with water, and the ph of the sheet surface was measured.
In step S1, after the surface of the paper sheet to be treated was wetted, the pH was measured at any 3 points on the surface of the paper sheet, and the pH of the surface of the paper sheet was found to be 4.35, 4.25, and 4.32.
And for the painting core with damage and needing to be repaired, uncovering and cleaning according to a traditional method after measuring the pH value, spraying a plant ash deacidification agent on the painting core after uncovering and cleaning, standing for 30 minutes, re-measuring at a sampling point after water is cleaned, and measuring the pH value of the surface of the paper to be 8.47, 8.32 and 8.56.
The average value of the pH value of the picture core is 8.45, and the optimum pH value (pH 7-8.5) for storing paper documents is achieved.
Comparative example 1
This example refers to the method of example 2, where the acidified paper is deacidified.
The operation is consistent with that of embodiment 3, the difference is that the optimal pH value is achieved by using a high concentration deacidification agent (pH10) to soak and deacidify for a short time and then passing through clear water for multiple times in the present embodiment, and the optimal pH value is achieved by using a proportioning concentration deacidification agent to spray painting core in embodiment 3.
The painting core is easily damaged secondarily in the multiple water passing operation processes of the embodiment. The method of example 3 requires adjustment of deacidification solvent concentration, but the painting of the core acid material is too complicated to control the concentration of the base remained after deacidification accurately. The method of example 3 is more operational in practical applications.
And for the painting core which is damaged and needs to be repaired, uncovering and cleaning according to a traditional method after the pH value is measured, spraying a plant ash deacidification agent on the painting core after uncovering and cleaning, standing for 30 minutes, re-measuring at a sampling point after the painting core is washed by clear water, and measuring the pH value of the surface of the paper to be 8.89, 8.87 and 8.93.
The average value of the pH value of the painting core is more than 8.5, the painting core exceeds the alkalescence range, the requirement of alkalescence can be obtained by using a mode of passing clear water for many times so as to achieve the optimal pH value (pH 7-8.5) stored in paper documents, and after the proper pH value is measured, the painting core can be pasted and repaired, and the painting core can be covered on a wall.
Comparative example 2
This example refers to the method of example 2, where the acidified paper is deacidified.
The procedure of example 3 was followed except that this example used clear lime water to deacidify the paper.
And for the picture core which is damaged and needs to be repaired, uncovering and cleaning according to a traditional method after the pH value is measured, spraying a plant ash deacidification agent on the picture core after uncovering and cleaning, standing for 30 minutes, re-measuring at a sampling point after water is removed, and measuring the pH average value of the surface of the paper to be 5.10. The clear limewater is uniformly brushed on the surface of the paper, the pH value of the clear limewater is 11.58, the clear limewater is measured again after standing for twenty minutes, and the numerical values are respectively as follows: 5.52, 5.04, and 5.34.
Comparative example 3
In this example, the paper was deacidified by soaking in clear limewater having a pH of 10.43. After the paper is soaked and kept still for one hour, the pH value of the paper is measured again by passing through clear water twice, the pH values are respectively 7.15, 6.84 and 7.09, the average value of the pH values is 7.04, the paper is weakly alkaline, and the paper meets the optimal pH value for storing the paper.
Compared with the effect of the clarified limewater and the plant ash water as the paper deacidification agent, the two have the deacidification effect, the preparation processes are similar, the cost of the calcium hydroxide is slightly high, and the purchase channel is convenient. The difference lies in that the deacidification mode is different, the controllability of the plant ash water is stronger, the damage probability of the deacidification process to paper is lower, the reaction time is different, in two deacidification liquids with the same pH value concentration, the plant ash water only needs ten minutes to twenty minutes, and the clear limewater needs more than one hour, so that the risk of fading is increased.

Claims (6)

1. The application of plant ash in deacidification of paper;
the method for deacidifying the paper by using the plant ash comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a plant ash deacidification agent, and wetting the surface of the paper to be treated;
s2: uniformly applying the plant ash deacidification agent prepared in the step S1 on the surface of the paper to be treated, and standing;
s3: washing the paper treated in the step S2 with water, and measuring the pH value of the surface of the paper;
the pH value of the surface of the paper reaching the standard is 7-8.5;
the plant ash is obtained by burning rice straw.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the plant ash deacidification agent is prepared by the following method: and (3) soaking the plant ash in boiling water, standing and filtering to obtain liquid, namely the plant ash deacidification agent.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the mass ratio of the plant ash to the boiling water is (1-5): 10.
4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the degree of surface wetting of the paper is 100%.
5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the standing time is 25-35 min.
6. The use of claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises repeating the steps S1-S3 if the pH of the surface of the paper does not meet the target value.
CN201910759073.1A 2019-08-16 2019-08-16 Application of plant ash in paper deacidification and method for deacidifying paper by using plant ash Active CN110593005B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107012736A (en) * 2017-05-03 2017-08-04 清华大学 A kind of depickling liquid for having strengthening for paper effect concurrently and preparation method thereof
CN107326742A (en) * 2017-07-23 2017-11-07 复旦大学 A kind of depickling of paper fibre and reinforcement guard method
CN108691246A (en) * 2017-09-15 2018-10-23 天水师范学院 A kind of deacidification technique of paper relics

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107012736A (en) * 2017-05-03 2017-08-04 清华大学 A kind of depickling liquid for having strengthening for paper effect concurrently and preparation method thereof
CN107326742A (en) * 2017-07-23 2017-11-07 复旦大学 A kind of depickling of paper fibre and reinforcement guard method
CN108691246A (en) * 2017-09-15 2018-10-23 天水师范学院 A kind of deacidification technique of paper relics

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
浅谈古籍修复中的纸张脱酸;孙永平;《今日科苑》;20081223;第66页 *

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