CN110592502B - Preparation method of high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110592502B CN110592502B CN201910936716.5A CN201910936716A CN110592502B CN 110592502 B CN110592502 B CN 110592502B CN 201910936716 A CN201910936716 A CN 201910936716A CN 110592502 B CN110592502 B CN 110592502B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation, which comprises the following steps: A. cutting a blank from the aluminum alloy ingot; B. placing the blank in a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die, continuously performing equal-channel angular extrusion processing by adopting multiple temperature steps with gradual temperature rise, realizing strengthening solid solution treatment by utilizing a severe plastic deformation technology, and performing water quenching treatment after the treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extrusion blank; C. cutting an alloy bar with the length direction parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction; and carrying out conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy. The invention realizes strengthening solid solution treatment by using staged severe plastic deformation with gradual temperature rise, effectively promotes the dissolution of a second phase, obtains a single-phase solid solution alloy with fine grain size, high-density defects and high degree of over saturation, and then promotes the uniform precipitation of a nano precipitated phase through hot working and aging treatment to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation, which adopts severe plastic deformation to realize a solid solution strengthening effect and combines with subsequent hot working to prepare precipitate phase reinforcement.
Background
The aluminum alloy is one of the most common metal materials in the fields of airplanes, automobiles, rail transit, 3C electronic products and the like, and particularly, the aluminum alloys of 2XXX series, 6XXX series and 7XXX series are more widely applied in the fields. The strength of these three series of aluminum alloys is generally high, with the primary strengthening modes including solid solution strengthening, fine grain strengthening, deformation strengthening, and second phase strengthening. In addition, the three alloys belong to heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys, namely, a certain heat treatment process (solid solution and aging treatment) is adopted, so that a large amount of nano or submicron precipitated phases can be precipitated in the alloys, and the strength of the alloys is improved. When the wrought aluminum alloy is used as the wrought aluminum alloy, the production process comprises ingot casting → homogenization treatment → hot extrusion → solution treatment → aging treatment. The microstructure of the final alloy comprises three regions, namely a grain boundary precipitated phase (GBP), a matrix precipitated phase (MPt) and an intergranular non-precipitated zone (PFZ), and the characteristics of the three regions determine the comprehensive performance of the alloy.
The matrix precipitation phase is the main strengthening factor of the alloy system; the existence of the grain boundary precipitated phase is not beneficial to improving the strength of the alloy, and particularly when the grain boundary precipitated phase is distributed in a continuous net shape, the ductility and toughness of the alloy are reduced, and the stress corrosion cracking resistance of the alloy is reduced; the absence of intergranular segregation bands helps to improve the plasticity of the alloy, but leads to a reduction in the strength of the alloy. Therefore, in order to obtain good balance properties in heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys, it is desirable to minimize the size and content of grain boundary precipitates while increasing the density of matrix precipitates and avoiding their growth. In the existing alloy preparation technology, the solid solution temperature of the homogenization treatment before hot working or the solid solution treatment after hot working is lower than the non-equilibrium low-melting eutectic point, and the coarse compound phase (grain boundary precipitation phase) is difficult to dissolve completely.
In recent years, a strengthening solid solution process has been developed, namely, under the condition of not generating overburning, the solid solution temperature is gradually increased, the solid solution time is prolonged, under the premise of minimizing or even not generating recrystallization degree, coarse compounds of non-equilibrium crystallization are fully dissolved, the number and the size of coarse second phases and difficultly-soluble eutectic phases distributed in a matrix are reduced, and the solid solution degree and the corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved. However, the strengthening solution treatment after hot working tends to grow the formed fine grains, and the effect of hot working is impaired to some extent. Although it has a significant effect on improving the corrosion performance of the aluminum alloy, it is not favorable for further improving the toughness of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a preparation method of a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation, which adopts severe plastic deformation to realize the solid solution strengthening effect and combines with subsequent hot working to prepare precipitate phase reinforcement; the preparation method improves the processing performance and the nucleation capability of matrix precipitated phases by carrying out severe plastic processing strengthening solution treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot and changing the size and supersaturation degree of matrix grains; the size and the density of a precipitated phase are regulated and controlled through dynamic precipitation of hot working and subsequent aging treatment, and meanwhile, a solid solution process between hot working and aging treatment is omitted, so that matrix grains and the precipitated phase are prevented from growing; thereby fully playing the strengthening function of matrix strengthening phase and fine crystal and reducing the content of grain boundary precipitation phase in the aluminum alloy.
The invention aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. ingot casting and cutting: cutting a blank from an aluminum alloy ingot with an aging strengthening effect;
B. temperature-changing severe plastic processing: placing the blank in a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die, continuously performing equal-channel angular extrusion processing by adopting multiple temperature steps with gradual temperature rise, realizing strengthening solid solution treatment by utilizing a severe plastic deformation technology, and performing water quenching treatment after the treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extrusion blank;
C. cutting an extrusion blank: cutting an alloy bar with the length direction parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction from a block extrusion blank;
D. hot extrusion and aging treatment: and carrying out conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
The multi-temperature stage in the step B at least comprises a medium-temperature stage with the processing temperature of 400-420 ℃ and a high-temperature stage with the processing temperature of 460-480 ℃.
The multiple temperature stages in the step B comprise a medium temperature stage with the processing temperature of 400-420 ℃, a heating stage with the processing temperature of 430-450 ℃ and a high temperature stage with the processing temperature of 460-480 ℃.
And B, performing equal channel angular extrusion processing on the last temperature step in the multiple temperature steps in the step B for not less than 2 times, and performing equal channel angular extrusion processing on the rest temperature steps for 1 time.
And the duration of the temperature-changing severe plastic processing in the step B is 1-2 hours.
And C, the alloy rod in the step C is cylindrical, and the diameter of the alloy rod is 85% -95% of the side length of the short side of the blank.
The preparation method of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation has the following mechanism: when an aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to first-stage equal-channel angular extrusion processing (400-420 ℃), due to the fact that the processing temperature is relatively low, the refining effect of severe plastic processing plays a leading role, at the moment, a reticular second phase in the as-cast alloy is crushed, coarse second phase is crushed, the grain size is gradually refined, and high-density sub-crystals, dislocation cells and other microstructures are formed; when the alloy is subjected to second-stage equal-channel angular extrusion processing (430-450 ℃), second-phase particles can be continuously refined to a certain degree, and meanwhile, under the coupling action of high temperature and large strain, the high-temperature deformation roughly promotes the second phase to start dissolving, so that the solid solubility of the alloy is increased; after entering a third stage equal channel angular extrusion processing (460-480 ℃), under a higher deformation temperature (generally higher than the alloy solid solution temperature), the second phase particles are promoted to be completely dissolved by large deformation, and the grain size of the alloy is kept stable by the deformation effect, so that the quasi-single-phase supersaturated solid solution with relatively small grain size is obtained. In addition, the nucleation position of the precipitated phase is improved due to a large amount of crystal defects introduced in the process of strengthening solid solution through severe plastic deformation, the nucleation potential barrier is reduced, the precipitated phase is uniformly and dynamically precipitated in the subsequent hot working process, and the subsequent aging treatment can be added according to the requirement to control the size and the morphology of the precipitated phase and regulate and control the mechanical property of the alloy.
The technical scheme of the invention has no special requirements on the process of conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment, and the selection of the process is related to the alloy system and is the same as that in the prior art. In order to facilitate understanding of the technical scheme of the invention, the invention introduces the technological process of 'conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment' by a brief example. For example, for 7XXX series aluminum alloy, the extrusion temperature is usually selected from 320 to 450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 320 to 440 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 10 to 40, and the extrusion speed is 0.5 to 2 m/min; after extrusion, online quenching or short-time solution treatment can be carried out, and then aging treatment is carried out, wherein the aging temperature is usually 120-150 ℃, and the aging time is 10-20 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the preparation method of the invention enhances the solid solution treatment by carrying out severe plastic working on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and improves the processing performance and the nucleation capability of the matrix precipitation phase by changing the size and the supersaturation degree of the matrix crystal grain; the size and the density of a precipitated phase are regulated and controlled through dynamic precipitation of hot working and subsequent aging treatment, and meanwhile, a solid solution process between the hot working and the aging treatment is removed, so that matrix grains and the precipitated phase are prevented from growing; thereby fully playing the strengthening function of matrix strengthening phase and fine crystal and reducing the content of grain boundary precipitation phase in the aluminum alloy.
The preparation method of the invention adopts multistage equal channel angular pressing from low temperature to high temperature to realize the strengthening solid solution effect on the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy, obtains the supersaturated solid solution with high defect (dislocation and sub-crystal) density, fine grain size and quasi-single phase, and combines conventional hot working and aging treatment to obtain the precipitation phase strengthened ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy.
The preparation method and the prepared high-strength wrought aluminum alloy also have the following characteristics:
(1) the strengthening solid solution effect caused by severe plastic deformation is good, the alloy structure is simple, namely the yield strength of the alloy is generally higher than 400MPa due to fine crystal and high-density nano-scale intragranular precipitated phases, wherein the yield strength of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy can reach more than 600 MPa;
(2) because the grain boundary precipitated phase is eliminated, the stress corrosion cracking resistance of the alloy is improved;
(3) the strengthening solid solution effect caused by severe plastic deformation is sufficient, so that the solid solution treatment process after hot working can be omitted, and the production efficiency is improved; in addition, the time required by the strengthening solution treatment in the temperature-changing severe plastic processing is short (1-2 hours), and the production period is shortened;
(4) because a large number of cores of precipitated phases are dynamically precipitated in the hot working process, the size of the precipitated phases can be easily regulated and controlled by controlling the subsequent aging temperature and time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation;
FIG. 2 is a heat treatment flow chart of the preparation method of the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2: a preparation method of high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation comprises the following steps:
A. ingot casting and cutting: cutting a square billet with the size of 50mm multiplied by 100mm from an aluminum alloy ingot with the aging strengthening effect;
B. temperature-changing severe plastic processing: placing the square billet in a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die, and continuously performing equal-channel angular extrusion processing by adopting multiple temperature steps with gradual temperature rise, wherein the equal-channel angular extrusion processing is generally divided into three stages; the first stage is middle-temperature equal-channel angular extrusion processing, the processing temperature is 400-420 ℃, and the processing pass is 1 pass; the second stage is heating step equal channel angular extrusion processing, the processing temperature is 430-450 ℃, and the processing pass is 1 pass; in the 3 rd stage, high-temperature-stage equal-channel angular extrusion processing is carried out, the processing temperature is 460-480 ℃, and the processing pass is 2; strengthening solid solution treatment is realized by using a severe plastic deformation technology, and water quenching treatment is carried out after the solid solution treatment is finished to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extrusion blank;
C. cutting an extrusion blank: cutting an alloy rod with the diameter of 45mm from a block extrusion blank, wherein the length direction of the alloy rod is parallel to the alloy rod in the equal channel angular extrusion direction;
D. hot extrusion and aging treatment: and carrying out conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
It should be noted that: in the above preparation method, the first stage and the third stage of the equal channel angular pressing process in step B are essential stages, and the second stage may be selected or deleted according to specific alloy components.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
Example one
Cutting the 2024 aluminum alloy cast ingot into square billets with the size of 50mm multiplied by 100 mm; placing the square billet into a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die to perform continuous equal-channel angular extrusion processing, wherein the first-pass processing temperature is 400 ℃, the second-pass processing temperature is 440 ℃, and the third-pass processing temperature and the fourth-pass processing temperature are 470 ℃, and then performing water quenching treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extruded billet; cutting an alloy rod with the diameter of 45mm from the block extrusion blank, wherein the length direction of the alloy rod is parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction; and carrying out subsequent conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
Example two
Cutting the 2024 aluminum alloy cast ingot into square billets with the size of 50mm multiplied by 100 mm; placing the square billet in a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die to perform continuous equal-channel angular extrusion processing, wherein the first-pass processing temperature is 410 ℃, the second-pass processing temperature is 450 ℃, and the third-pass processing temperature and the fourth-pass processing temperature are 480 ℃, and then performing water quenching treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extrusion billet; cutting an alloy rod with the diameter of 45mm from the block extrusion blank, wherein the length direction of the alloy rod is parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction; and carrying out subsequent conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
EXAMPLE III
Cutting the 2024 aluminum alloy cast ingot into square billets with the size of 50mm multiplied by 100 mm; placing the square billet in a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die to perform continuous equal-channel angular extrusion processing, wherein the first processing temperature is 420 ℃, and the second and third processing temperatures are 480 ℃, and then performing water quenching treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extrusion billet; cutting an alloy rod with the diameter of 45mm from the block extrusion blank, wherein the length direction of the alloy rod is parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction; and carrying out subsequent conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
Example four
Cutting a 6061 aluminum alloy cast ingot into square billets with the size of 50mm multiplied by 100 mm; placing the square billet into a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die to perform continuous equal-channel angular extrusion processing, wherein the first-pass processing temperature is 400 ℃, the second-pass processing temperature is 430 ℃, and the third-pass processing temperature and the fourth-pass processing temperature are 460 ℃, and then performing water quenching treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extruded billet; cutting an alloy rod with the diameter of 45mm from the block extrusion blank, wherein the length direction of the alloy rod is parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction; and carrying out subsequent conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
EXAMPLE five
Cutting the 7050 aluminum alloy cast ingot into square billets with the size of 50mm multiplied by 100 mm; placing the square billet into a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die to perform continuous equal-channel angular extrusion processing, wherein the first-pass processing temperature is 400 ℃, the second-pass processing temperature is 440 ℃, and the third-pass processing temperature and the fourth-pass processing temperature are 470 ℃, and then performing water quenching treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extruded billet; cutting an alloy rod with the diameter of 45mm from the block extrusion blank, wherein the length direction of the alloy rod is parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction; and carrying out subsequent conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain the high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation.
The room temperature tensile properties of the high strength wrought aluminum alloys prepared in examples one-five were tested, and the results are shown in table 1; in addition, table 1 also shows the conventional mechanical properties of corresponding aluminum alloys prepared by conventional hot extrusion process for comparison [ conventional properties of 2024, 6061 and 7050 aluminum alloys in table 1 are derived from "aluminum alloy extrusion and heat treatment" (edited by shang shi bin, published by university of south-middle school, 5 months 2015) ].
TABLE 1 tensile mechanical Properties at room temperature for the aluminium alloys of the examples of the invention and the literature
From table 1, it can be seen that the tensile strength and yield strength of the 2XXX series, 6XXX series and 7XXX series alloys prepared by the preparation method of the present invention are significantly superior to those of the conventional process, but the plasticity is slightly reduced, which indicates that the preparation method of the present invention uses severe plastic working to realize the significant advantage of solid solution strengthening. In addition, the preparation method can be generally applied to various heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. ingot casting and cutting: cutting a blank from an aluminum alloy ingot with an aging strengthening effect;
B. temperature-changing severe plastic processing: placing the blank in a rotary die equal-channel angular extrusion die, continuously performing equal-channel angular extrusion processing by adopting multiple temperature steps with gradual temperature rise, realizing strengthening solid solution treatment by utilizing a severe plastic deformation technology, and performing water quenching treatment after the treatment to obtain a supersaturated solid solution block extrusion blank;
C. cutting an extrusion blank: cutting an alloy bar with the length direction parallel to the equal channel angular extrusion direction from a block extrusion blank;
D. hot extrusion and aging treatment: carrying out conventional hot extrusion processing and aging treatment on the alloy bar to obtain a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation;
the multi-temperature stage in the step B at least comprises a medium-temperature stage with the processing temperature of 400-420 ℃ and a high-temperature stage with the processing temperature of 460-480 ℃;
or the multiple temperature stages in the step B comprise a medium temperature stage with the processing temperature of 400-420 ℃, a heating stage with the processing temperature of 430-450 ℃ and a high temperature stage with the processing temperature of 460-480 ℃.
2. The method for preparing high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein: and B, performing equal channel angular extrusion processing on the last temperature step in the multiple temperature steps in the step B for not less than 2 times, and performing equal channel angular extrusion processing on the rest temperature steps for 1 time.
3. The method for preparing high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein: and the duration of the temperature-changing severe plastic processing in the step B is 1-2 hours.
4. The method for preparing high-strength wrought aluminum alloy based on severe plastic deformation according to claim 1, wherein: and C, the alloy rod in the step C is cylindrical, and the diameter of the alloy rod is 85% -95% of the side length of the short side of the blank.
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| JP2010263055A (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-18 | Yamaha Corp | Method of producing thermoelectric material, and thermoelectric material |
| CN105861968A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 中南大学 | Method for improving mechanical property of Al-Cu-series high-strength aluminum alloy ring pieces |
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