CN110592381B - Method for recycling and purifying gold by using supermolecule self-assembled framework - Google Patents

Method for recycling and purifying gold by using supermolecule self-assembled framework Download PDF

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CN110592381B
CN110592381B CN201910929018.2A CN201910929018A CN110592381B CN 110592381 B CN110592381 B CN 110592381B CN 201910929018 A CN201910929018 A CN 201910929018A CN 110592381 B CN110592381 B CN 110592381B
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gold
self
raw material
hydrochloric acid
assembly frame
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CN110592381A (en
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陈丽霞
刘明
陶朱
张云黔
祝黔江
朱必学
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Guizhou University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recovering and purifying gold by using a supermolecule self-assembly frame, which is characterized in that an eight-element cucurbituril is prepared into the supermolecule self-assembly frame to be used as a gold trapping material; pretreating a gold-containing raw material, then trapping the gold-containing raw material by using a supermolecule self-assembly frame, and carrying out reduction reaction on the trapped substance to obtain a high-purity gold simple substance. The method has the characteristics of high extraction purity and strong anti-interference capability, and can purify and recover the gold simple substance.

Description

Method for recycling and purifying gold by using supermolecule self-assembled framework
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recovering and purifying gold, in particular to a method for recovering and purifying gold by a supermolecular self-assembled frame.
Background
Gold is a precious metal for jewelry and coins and is also an indispensable stock. Gold is also widely used in the catalytic, medical device and electronics industries. Its commercial value and growing demand have driven the research and development of new technologies for gold mining and recovery.
Cucurbiturils (qn) are named as pumpkins due to their structure, and are large ring-shaped compounds bridged by n glycoside urea units and 2n methylene groups from the structural property, and are characterized by an approximately electrically neutral hydrophobic cavity, an electronegative two port with n carbonyl groups, and an electropositive outer surface. Through the positive outer surface of Qn, it interacts with negative matter to form the outer wall interaction chemistry of Qn. When n is 8, the product is called eight-membered cucurbituril.
At present, the application of cucurbiturils and the purification and recovery process of gold are respectively and widely researched, but the application of the eight-element cucurbiturils in the purification and recovery of gold is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for recovering and purifying gold by using a supermolecular self-assembled frame. The method has the characteristics of high extraction purity and strong anti-interference capability, and can purify and recover the gold simple substance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for recovering and purifying gold by using a supermolecule self-assembly frame is characterized in that an eight-element cucurbituril is prepared into the supermolecule self-assembly frame to be used as a gold trapping material; pretreating a gold-containing raw material, then trapping the gold-containing raw material by using a supermolecule self-assembly frame, and carrying out reduction reaction on the trapped substance to obtain a high-purity gold simple substance.
The method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supermolecular self-assembled frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia, adding hydrochloric acid, concentrating and removing nitrate to form syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material in a hydrochloric acid solution or a nitric acid solution, and then adding the supramolecular self-assembly frame in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment: the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, N is added2H4·H2And O, stirring and reacting to obtain turbid liquid, centrifugally separating the turbid liquid, taking the residual precipitate, and washing the residual precipitate with hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the high-purity gold simple substance.
In the method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supramolecular self-assembly frame, the aqua regia in the step 2) is prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the volume ratio of 3/1.
In the method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supermolecular self-assembled frame, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the mixed solution in the step 3) is 6mol/L, and the concentration of the nitric acid solution is 3.5 mol/L.
In the method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supermolecule self-assembly frame, in the step 3), the addition amount of the supermolecule self-assembly frame is more than 0.5 time of the mass of the syrup-like raw material.
In the method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supermolecule self-assembled framework, the addition amount of the supermolecule self-assembled framework is more than 0.5 time of the mass of the syrupy raw material.
In the method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supramolecular self-assembly frame, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step 4) is 6 mol/L.
In the method for recovering and purifying gold by using the supermolecule self-assembled framework, the filtrate obtained after centrifugal separation in the step 4) is concentrated and recrystallized, and the eight-membered cucurbituril is recovered.
The invention has the advantages of
The present invention utilizes eight-membered cucurbituril (Q8)]) Forming a self-assembled frame while pre-treating the gold-containing material to form [ AuCl ]4]-Anions by using self-assembled frameworks with [ AuCl ]4]-The external wall action between anions assembles a new supermolecular framework material in an acid medium, thereby pairing [ AuCl ]4]-The negative ions are trapped, and the high-purity simple substance gold can be obtained by adopting a further reduction method. Thereby realizing the purpose of purifying and recycling the gold simple substance. And through tests, the invention has stronger anti-interference capability and higher purity of the purified gold simple substance.
As can be seen from fig. 14, the percentage of gold extracted by the present invention was about 96% by mass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-Structure of self-assembled frame after anion (c axis direction);
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the present invention trapping [ AuCl ]4]-A structural diagram and a crystal detail diagram (c-axis direction) of the self-assembled frame after anion treatment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the present invention trapping [ AuCl ]4]-A structural drawing of a self-assembled frame in a hydrochloric acid medium before anion formation;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the present invention trapping [ AuCl ]4]-Structure of self-assembled frame in nitric acid medium before anion (c axis direction);
FIG. 5 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-The structure diagram and the crystal detail diagram (c axis direction) of the self-assembled frame in the nitric acid medium before anion generation;
FIG. 6 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-XRD spectrogram obtained by crystal simulation of self-assembled framework after anion treatment and hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO)3) Obtained in a mediumComparing XRD spectrograms of the yellow precipitates;
FIG. 7 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-Comparing an XRD spectrogram obtained by crystal simulation of a self-assembled framework in a hydrochloric acid medium before anions with an XRD spectrogram of the obtained colorless transparent particles;
FIG. 8 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-Comparing an XRD spectrogram obtained by crystal simulation of a self-assembled framework in a nitric acid medium before anions with an XRD spectrogram of the obtained colorless transparent particles;
FIG. 9 is trapping [ AuCl ] of the present invention4]-Respectively adding ZnCl into a self-assembly frame before anion generation in the synthesis of a hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium2、CdCl2、NiCl2、CoCl2、MnCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2And H2PtCl6Comparing the EDS spectrogram after interference;
FIG. 10 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-XRD spectrogram obtained by self-assembly frame crystal simulation after anion exchange, and ZnCl is respectively added in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium2、CdCl2、NiCl2、CoCl2、MnCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2And H2PtCl6Comparing XRD spectrograms of yellow precipitates obtained after interference;
FIG. 11 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-Self-assembled framework after anion in nitric acid (HNO)3) In the medium synthesis, ZnCl is respectively added2、CdCl2、NiCl2、CoCl2、MnCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2And H2PtCl6Comparing the EDS spectrogram after interference;
FIG. 12 is a scheme of trapping [ AuCl ] according to the present invention4]-XRD spectrum obtained by self-assembled framework crystal simulation after anion reaction, and the spectrum obtained by the self-assembled framework crystal simulation after anion reaction is compared with that obtained by nitric acid (HNO)3) In the medium synthesis, ZnCl is respectively added2、CdCl2、NiCl2、CoCl2、MnCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2And H2PtCl6Pairing of XRD spectrograms of yellow precipitates obtained after interferenceA ratio;
FIG. 13 is capture [ AuCl ]4]-Self-assembled framework after anion is hydrazine (N) hydrate2H4·H2O) comparing XRD spectrograms before and after reduction;
FIG. 14 is capture [ AuCl ]4]-Self-assembled framework after anion is hydrazine (N) hydrate2H4·H2O) comparison of the EDS spectra before and after reduction.
Through the comparison of the test results, the method can realize the purification and recovery of the simple substance, has stronger anti-interference capability and can obtain the high-purity simple substance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples of the invention
Example 1: a method for recovering and purifying gold by a supermolecule self-assembly frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into nitric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia (prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid at a volume ratio of 3/1), adding hydrochloric acid, and concentrating to remove nitrate to obtain syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L, and then adding 0.5 times of the supermolecule self-assembly framework in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment: the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, N is added2H4·H2And O, stirring and reacting to obtain a suspension, centrifuging the suspension, taking the rest precipitate, and washing the rest precipitate with a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L to obtain the high-purity gold simple substance.
Example 2: a method for recovering and purifying gold by a supermolecule self-assembly frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into nitric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia (prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid at a volume ratio of 3/1), adding hydrochloric acid, and concentrating to remove nitrate to obtain syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L, and then adding 1 time of the supermolecule self-assembly framework in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment: the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, N is added2H4·H2Stirring and reacting to obtain a suspension, centrifuging the suspension, taking the rest precipitate, and washing the rest precipitate with a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L to obtain a high-purity gold simple substance; concentrating and recrystallizing the filtrate, and recovering the eight-element cucurbituril for reuse.
Example 3: a method for recovering and purifying gold by a supermolecule self-assembly frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into nitric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia (prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid at a volume ratio of 3/1), adding hydrochloric acid, and concentrating to remove nitrate to obtain syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material by using a nitric acid solution with the concentration of 3.5mol/L, and then adding 0.5 times of the supermolecule self-assembly framework in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment: the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, andinto N2H4·H2And O, stirring and reacting to obtain a suspension, centrifuging the suspension, taking the rest precipitate, and washing the rest precipitate with a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L to obtain the high-purity gold simple substance.
Example 4: a method for recovering and purifying gold by a supermolecule self-assembly frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into nitric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia (prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid at a volume ratio of 3/1), adding hydrochloric acid, and concentrating to remove nitrate to obtain syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material by using a nitric acid solution with the concentration of 3.5mol/L, and then adding 1 time of the supermolecule self-assembly framework in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment: the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, N is added2H4·H2Stirring and reacting to obtain a suspension, centrifuging the suspension, taking the rest precipitate, and washing the rest precipitate with a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L to obtain a high-purity gold simple substance; concentrating and recrystallizing the filtrate, and recovering the eight-element cucurbituril for reuse.
Example 5: a method for recovering and purifying gold by a supermolecule self-assembly frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into hydrochloric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia (prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid at a volume ratio of 3/1), adding hydrochloric acid, and concentrating to remove nitrate to obtain syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L, and then adding 0.5 times of the supermolecule self-assembly framework in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment: the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, N is added2H4·H2And O, stirring and reacting to obtain a suspension, centrifuging the suspension, taking the rest precipitate, and washing the rest precipitate with a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L to obtain the high-purity gold simple substance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for recycling and purifying gold by a supermolecular self-assembled frame is characterized by comprising the following steps: eight-element cucurbiturils are made into a supermolecule self-assembly frame to be used as a gold trapping material; pretreating a gold-containing raw material, then trapping the gold-containing raw material by using a supermolecule self-assembly frame, and carrying out reduction reaction on the trapped substance to obtain a high-purity gold simple substance;
the method for recovering and purifying gold by the supermolecule self-assembly frame comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of supramolecular self-assembled framework: adding the eight-element cucurbituril into hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, and heating until the eight-element cucurbituril is dissolved to obtain a solution; naturally cooling the solution to room temperature until colorless transparent particles are formed, and filtering the colorless transparent particles to obtain a supramolecular self-assembly frame;
2) pretreatment of gold-containing raw materials: dissolving gold-containing raw material in aqua regia, adding hydrochloric acid, concentrating and removing nitrate to form syrup-like raw material;
3) and (3) collecting treatment: dissolving the syrup-like raw material in a hydrochloric acid solution or a nitric acid solution, and then adding the supramolecular self-assembly frame in the step 1) into the solution to form a precipitate;
4) reduction treatment:the precipitate is filtered off and dispersed in water, N is added2H4·H2And O, stirring and reacting to obtain turbid liquid, centrifugally separating the turbid liquid, taking the residual precipitate, and washing the residual precipitate with hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the high-purity gold simple substance.
2. The method for recycling purified gold by supramolecular self-assembled frameworks according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step 2) the aqua regia is prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the volume ratio of 3/1.
3. The method for recycling purified gold by supramolecular self-assembled frameworks according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step 3) is 6mol/L, and the concentration of the nitric acid solution is 3.5 mol/L.
4. The method for recycling purified gold by supramolecular self-assembled frameworks according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) adding the supermolecule self-assembly frame in an amount which is more than 0.5 time of the mass of the syrup-shaped raw material.
5. The method for recycling purified gold by supramolecular self-assembled frameworks according to claim 4, characterized in that: the addition amount of the supermolecule self-assembly frame is more than 0.5 time of the mass of the syrup-shaped raw material.
6. The method for recycling purified gold by supramolecular self-assembled frameworks according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step 4) is 6 mol/L.
7. The method for recycling purified gold by supramolecular self-assembled frameworks according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4) concentrating and recrystallizing the filtrate after the centrifugal separation, and recovering the eight-element cucurbituril.
CN201910929018.2A 2019-09-28 2019-09-28 Method for recycling and purifying gold by using supermolecule self-assembled framework Active CN110592381B (en)

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