CN110587349A

CN110587349A - High-efficiency automatic tool changing process of numerical control machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN110587349A
Application number: CN201910946009.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆永柱; 张红梅
Original assignee: Luan Fengkaini Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Luan Fengkaini Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-01
Filing date: 2019-10-01
Publication date: 2019-12-20

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency automatic tool changing process of a numerical control machine, which comprises the following steps: firstly, a user pushes the cabin door to slide along the length direction of the installation inclined plane away from the headstock, so that the cabin door is switched from a shielding state to an opening state, two machined workpieces are respectively clamped on the clamping ends of the fixed clamping mechanism and the movable clamping mechanism, the cabin door is switched from the opening state to the shielding state, and a turning tool in a working in-place state feeds to turn the machined workpieces clamped on the fixed clamping mechanism; and then, when a machined workpiece needs to be cut along with a turning tool, the rotary tool changing mechanism drives the rotating ring to rotate, the turning tool in the working in-place state is switched to the idle state, the corresponding transmission block is separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism, the turning tool in the idle state is switched to the working in-place state, and the corresponding transmission block is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism.

Description

High-efficiency automatic tool changing process of numerical control machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to a lathe, in particular to a high-efficiency automatic tool changing process of a numerical control machine tool.

Background

The lathe is one of the most common processing devices for processing parts, and mainly utilizes a turning tool to carry out cutting processing on a workpiece rotating at a high speed, the turning tool is commonly used for processing the inner and outer rotating surfaces, end surfaces and various inner and outer threads of the workpiece, corresponding tools and accessories are adopted, drilling, reaming, tapping, knurling and the like can also be carried out, the common turning tools comprise a 45-degree external turning tool, a 75-degree external turning tool, a 90-degree left deviation tool, a 90-degree right deviation tool, a boring tool, a cutting tool, a threading tool, a forming tool and the like, different processing types need to be replaced by different turning tools, but at present, the common lathe has a fatal defect that the processing efficiency is low, on one hand, when the processing of multiple types of turning is required to be carried out on the processed workpiece, a main shaft motor needs to be stopped to rotate, then a tool rest is replaced by different turning tools, the lathe is ingenious in structure, simple in principle, comprises two three-jaw chucks which are coaxial and are arranged oppositely, can clamp two machined workpieces at one time, and can conveniently and quickly carry out different-type turning on the machined workpieces.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the horizontal high-efficiency numerical control lathe with the inclined lathe bed, which is ingenious in structure, simple in principle, comprises two coaxial three-grab chucks which are oppositely arranged, can clamp two machined workpieces at one time, and can conveniently and quickly change different types of turning tools to perform different types of turning treatment on the machined workpieces.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.

The high-efficiency automatic tool changing process of the numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:

a normal turning stage;

s1: a user pushes the cabin door to slide along the length direction of the installation inclined plane and depart from the headstock, so that the cabin door is switched from a shielding state to an opening state, two machined workpieces are respectively clamped on the clamping ends of the fixed clamping mechanism and the movable clamping mechanism, the cabin door is switched from the opening state to the shielding state, and a turning tool in a working in-place state feeds to turn the machined workpieces clamped on the fixed clamping mechanism;

the lathe bed is fixedly provided with a headstock along one end face of the length direction of the lathe bed, the height of the headstock is greater than that of the lathe bed, the upper end face of the lathe bed is arranged into a rectangular installation inclined plane, the length direction of the installation inclined plane is parallel to the horizontal direction, the width direction and the horizontal direction form a forty-five degree included angle, the headstock is provided with a control panel which is in signal connection with a control system, the installation inclined plane is fixedly covered with a rectangular processing cabin matched with the installation inclined plane, the processing cabin comprises a shell which is provided with a rectangular opening along the width direction of the processing cabin and a cabin door which is in open-close connection and matching with the opening, the opening direction of the shell is vertical to the plane of the installation inclined plane, the cabin door and the shell form sliding guide matching along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane, the cabin door is arranged into a transparent state, and the cabin door is, a handle is arranged outside the cabin door;

the clamping part and the turning tool part are arranged in the processing cabin, the clamping part comprises a fixed clamping mechanism arranged close to one end of the lathe head and a movable clamping mechanism arranged away from one end of the lathe head, the fixed clamping mechanism and the clamping end of the movable clamping mechanism are arranged oppositely and coaxially, the movable clamping mechanism can slide along the length direction of the mounting inclined plane, the turning end of the turning tool part is positioned between the fixed clamping mechanism and the movable clamping mechanism, the whole turning tool part can slide along the length direction of the mounting inclined plane, a plurality of turning ends of the turning tool part are arranged and arranged in an array along the circumferential direction where the turning motion of the processed workpiece is positioned, the turning ends of the turning tool part are respectively different types of turning tools capable of being detachably clamped, and the turning tools can independently perform feeding and turning;

the fixed clamping mechanism comprises a spindle motor fixedly arranged in a headstock, the axial direction of an output shaft of the spindle motor is parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the output shaft of the spindle motor is coaxially and fixedly arranged on a three-jaw chuck I, the three-jaw chuck I movably penetrates through the headstock and extends into the processing cabin, the spindle motor is a servo motor, and signal connection is established between the spindle motor and the control system;

when the fixed clamping mechanism is in a working process, a user loosens the first three-jaw chuck, one end of a workpiece to be machined is inserted into the first three-jaw chuck, then the first three-jaw chuck is screwed, when the workpiece to be machined needs to be turned, the user controls the control panel to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the spindle motor to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the fixed clamping mechanism drives the workpiece to be machined to perform high-speed rotary motion;

an inner sunken groove is arranged in the middle of the installation inclined plane along the width direction of the installation inclined plane and penetrates through the end part of the installation inclined plane along the length direction of the installation inclined plane, a support frame is fixedly installed at one end of the installation inclined plane along the length direction of the installation inclined plane, which deviates from the headstock, the movable clamping mechanism comprises a first guide rail fixedly arranged in the inner sinking groove, a guide block is movably arranged on the first guide rail and forms sliding guide fit with the first guide rail along the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the guide block is arranged close to the support frame in an initial state, an auxiliary shaft motor is fixedly arranged on the guide block, the axial direction of the auxiliary shaft motor is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft motor, the output shaft of the auxiliary shaft motor is arranged opposite to the output shaft of the main shaft motor, and a three-jaw chuck is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the auxiliary shaft motor, the auxiliary shaft motor is a servo motor and signal connection is established between the auxiliary shaft motor and the control system;

the movable clamping mechanism also comprises a first translation motor fixedly connected with the support frame, an output shaft of the first translation motor is coaxially and fixedly connected with the screw rod, the first translation motor is a stepping motor, and signal connection is established between the first translation motor and a control system;

when the movable clamping mechanism is in a working process, a user loosens the second three-jaw chuck, one end of a workpiece to be machined is inserted into the first three-jaw chuck, then the second three-jaw chuck is screwed, when the workpiece to be machined needs to be turned, the user controls the control panel to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the auxiliary shaft motor to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the movable clamping mechanism drives the workpiece to be machined to perform high-speed rotary motion;

(II) tool changing stage;

s2: when a machined workpiece needs to be cut along with a turning tool, the turning tool changing mechanism is rotated to drive the rotating ring to rotate, the turning tool in the working in-place state is switched to the idle state, the corresponding transmission block is separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism, the turning tool in the idle state is switched to the working in-place state, and the corresponding transmission block is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism;

the turning tool component comprises an annular tool rest for detachably mounting a turning tool, the tool rest comprises a rotating ring which is movably arranged between a first three-jaw chuck and a second three-jaw chuck and is coaxially arranged with a clamping end of the first three-jaw chuck along a self-centering axis, a rectangular lug is fixedly arranged on an outer circular surface of the rotating ring and fixedly connected with the first three-jaw chuck into a whole, the length direction of the lug is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring, the width direction of the lug is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumference of the rotating ring, the eight lug is arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring in an array manner, a rectangular mounting groove is formed on one end surface of the lug close to the three-jaw chuck, one end of the mounting groove penetrates through the suspension end of the lug, the other end of the mounting groove penetrates through the inner circular surface of the rotating ring, a sliding groove is formed on the side wall of, a dovetail groove penetrating to the other end face of the sliding block is formed in one end face of the sliding block in the length direction, the dovetail groove penetrates to one end face of the sliding block close to the three-jaw chuck I, a wedge-shaped clamping block is movably attached to the side wall of the dovetail groove in the width direction of the sliding block, the clamping block and the dovetail groove form sliding guide fit in the width direction of the sliding block, the two clamping blocks are close to each other, one end face of each clamping block is a clamping plane parallel to the length direction of the sliding block, the other end face of each clamping block is a pressing inclined plane parallel to the side wall of the dovetail groove, the pressing inclined plane is attached to the side wall of the dovetail groove in an initial state, the turning tool is detachably clamped between the;

the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck, of the sliding block is provided with compression bolts which are in threaded connection and matching with the sliding block, the axial direction of each compression bolt is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating ring, the compression bolts are aligned with the compression inclined planes, the compression bolts are four and are arranged in an array mode along the length direction of the sliding block, the four compression bolts form bolt groups, and the two bolt groups are arranged and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the clamping blocks;

the end, close to the inner circle surface of the rotating ring, of the groove bottom of the mounting groove is fixedly provided with a mounting protrusion, the end surface, close to the mounting groove, of the sliding block is provided with an avoiding sliding groove matched with the mounting protrusion, the sliding groove penetrates from the middle position of the sliding block along the length direction of the sliding block to one end surface, close to the axial lead of the rotating ring, of the sliding block, the avoiding sliding groove and the mounting protrusion form sliding guide fit along the radial direction of the rotating ring, an opening at one end, away from the axial lead of the rotating ring, of the mounting groove is fixedly provided with a limiting plate for plugging the sliding groove, a feeding screw rod is arranged in the avoiding sliding groove axially along the radial direction of the rotating ring, one end of the feeding screw rod is in rotating connection fit with the mounting protrusion, the other end of the feeding screw rod penetrates through the sliding block to be in rotating connection fit with, the width direction is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring;

the turning tool component also comprises a feeding driving mechanism, a rotary tool changing mechanism and a translation driving mechanism which are used for driving the transmission block to rotate around the radial direction of the rotating ring, the turning tools can be divided into an A1A2 combination, a B1B2 combination, a C1C2 combination and a D1D2 combination which are oppositely arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring, the transmission block in the A1A2 combination is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism in an initial state, the transmission block in the B1B2 combination, the C1C2 combination and the D1D2 combination is separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism, the turning tool combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism is in a working in-position state, the turning tool separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism is in an idle state, the rotary tool changing mechanism is used for driving the rotating ring to rotate around the axis of the rotary tool changing mechanism and separating the transmission block in the A1A2 combination from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism and simultaneously combining the transmission block in the B1B2 combination/, the translation driving mechanism is used for driving the whole tool rest to perform translation sliding along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane;

the rotary tool changing mechanism comprises a fixed ring coaxially sleeved outside one end of a rotating ring close to two ends of a three-jaw chuck, the inner circular surface of the fixed ring is in rotating connection and matching with the outer circular surface of the rotating ring, a fixed frame is fixedly arranged on the outer circular surface of the fixed ring and fixedly connected with the fixed frame into a whole, one side of the fixed ring close to an installation inclined plane is provided with a notch, a tool changing motor is fixedly arranged on the fixed frame, the axial direction of an output shaft of the tool changing motor is perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixed ring, a worm extending to the notch is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the tool changing motor, a special-shaped turbine is coaxially arranged between the inner circular surface of the fixed ring and the outer circular surface of the rotating ring and comprises a sleeving ring fixedly sleeved on the outer circular surface of the rotating ring, meshing bulges are arranged on the outer circular surface of the sleeving, the tool changing motor is a stepping motor, and signal connection is established between the tool changing mechanism and the control system;

when the rotary tool changing mechanism needs to be combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism in the working process, the control panel sends an instruction to the control system, the control system controls and starts the tool changing motor, the tool changing motor performs stepping operation and transmits power to the rotating ring through the worm and the special-shaped turbine, the rotating ring rotates clockwise by forty-five degrees, the transmission block corresponding to the B1B2 combined turning tool is combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism and is switched to a working in-place state from an idle state to wait for feed turning; when the C1C2 combined lathe tool needs to be combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism, the tool changing motor drives the rotating ring to rotate ninety degrees clockwise, so that the transmission block corresponding to the C1C2 combined lathe tool is combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism and is switched to a working in-place state from an idle state to wait for feed turning; when the D1D2 combined lathe tool needs to be combined with the feed driving mechanism, the tool changing motor drives the rotating ring to rotate one hundred thirty five degrees clockwise, the transmission block corresponding to the D1D2 combined lathe tool is combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism and is switched to a working in-place state from an idle state to wait for feed turning, and in the resetting process, the tool changing motor drives the rotating ring to rotate one hundred eighty degrees clockwise, so that the transmission block corresponding to the A1A2 combined lathe tool is combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism again.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The feeding driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the fixed frame, the feeding driving mechanism is provided with two guide blocks which are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring in an array manner, the feeding driving mechanism comprises a fixed plate fixedly arranged on the fixed frame, one plane of the fixed plate is arranged opposite to the lug, one plane of the fixed plate close to the lug is fixedly provided with a guide block which is arranged corresponding to one lug, one end surface of the guide block close to the lug is provided with a guide groove which penetrates up and down, one end surface of the guide block close to the lug is provided with a columnar rotating groove, the axial direction of the rotating groove is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring, the rotating groove is positioned at the middle position of the guide groove along the penetrating direction of the guide groove, a rotating main shaft which is coaxially arranged with the rotating groove is rotationally arranged in the guide block, one end of the rotating shaft extends into the rotating groove, the columnar rotating block which, the rotary block is close to and offers the butt joint groove that aligns and run through from top to bottom with the guiding groove on the lug terminal surface, and the driving block under the initial condition can slide guiding groove joint in the butt joint inslot, the fixed plate deviates from lug terminal surface fixed mounting and has the feed motor, and the output shaft activity of feed motor passes the fixed plate and the coaxial fixed connection of rotation axis, and the feed motor is step motor and has established signal connection with control system between.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The outer circle surface of the rotating block is radially provided with an induction hole along the radial direction, the guide block is provided with a distance sensor in a penetrating mode, a signal transmitting end of the distance sensor in an initial state is aligned with the induction hole, and signal connection is established between the distance sensor and the control system.

As a further optimization or improvement of the present solution.

The translation driving mechanism comprises two guide rods which are fixedly arranged between the support frame and the headstock and are parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the two guide rods are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the translation driving mechanism also comprises a second guide rail which is fixedly arranged on the installation inclined plane and is parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the second guide rail is provided with two guide rails which are respectively positioned at one side of the inner sunken groove, the fixing frame is sleeved on the guide rods and forms sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane, the fixing frame extends to the second guide rail and forms sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane, a second lead screw which is axially parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane is arranged in the second guide rail, one end of the second lead screw is rotationally connected and matched with the headstock, the other end of the second lead screw is, the fixing frame is sleeved outside the second screw rod, the two screw rods are in threaded connection matching, one ends of the two screw rods, which depart from the supporting frame, extend into the headstock, a synchronous belt transmission assembly used for connecting the two screw rods is arranged between the two screw rods, the translation driving mechanism further comprises a translation motor fixedly connected with the supporting frame, an output shaft of the translation motor is fixedly connected with the driving end of the second screw rod in a coaxial mode, and the translation motor is a stepping motor and is connected with a control system through a signal.

Compared with the prior art, the three-jaw chuck has the advantages of ingenious structure, simple principle, two coaxial three-jaw chucks which are oppositely arranged, capability of clamping two machined workpieces at one time, capability of conveniently and quickly replacing different types of turning tools to carry out different types of turning treatment on the machined workpieces, great improvement on the turning efficiency and high automation degree.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the bed.

Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the bed.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the clamping member.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the fixing and clamping mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a matching view of the movable clamping mechanism and the lathe bed.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the movable clamping mechanism.

Fig. 11 is a matching view of the turning tool member and the holder member.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of the turning tool component.

FIG. 13 is a view showing the engagement of the tool post with the rotary tool changer and the feed drive mechanism.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the tool holder.

Fig. 15 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

Fig. 16 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

Fig. 17 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

Fig. 18 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

Fig. 19 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

Fig. 20 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

Fig. 21 is a partial structural view of the tool holder.

FIG. 22 is a view showing the engagement of the rotary cutter changing mechanism with the tool post.

FIG. 23 is a view showing the engagement of the rotary cutter changing mechanism with the tool post.

Fig. 24 is a partial structural view of a rotary tool changer.

Fig. 25 is a view showing the engagement of the feed drive mechanism with the tool holder.

FIG. 26 is a view of the feed drive mechanism in cooperation with a tool post.

Fig. 27 is a view showing the engagement of the feed drive mechanism with the tool holder.

Fig. 28 is a partial configuration diagram of the feed drive mechanism.

Fig. 29 is a partial configuration diagram of the feed drive mechanism.

FIG. 30 is a view of the translation drive mechanism in cooperation with a tool post.

Detailed Description

a normal turning stage;

s1: a user pushes the hatch door 132 to slide along the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110 away from the headstock 120, so that the hatch door 132 is switched from a shielding state to an opening state, two machined workpieces are clamped on the clamping ends of the fixed clamping mechanism 210 and the movable clamping mechanism 220 respectively, the hatch door 132 is switched from the opening state to the shielding state, and the lathe tool 317 in a working in-place state feeds to turn the machined workpieces clamped on the fixed clamping mechanism 210;

a headstock 120 is fixedly arranged on one end face of the lathe bed 100 along the length direction of the lathe bed 100, the height of the headstock 120 is greater than that of the lathe bed 100, a rectangular installation inclined plane 110 is arranged on the upper end face of the lathe bed 100, the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110 is parallel to the horizontal direction, and a forty-five degree included angle is formed between the width direction and the horizontal direction, a control panel 121 which is in signal connection with a control system is arranged on the headstock 120, a rectangular processing cabin 130 matched with the installation inclined plane 110 is fixedly covered on the installation inclined plane 110, the processing cabin 130 comprises a shell 131 and a hatch 132, the opening direction of the shell 131 is perpendicular to the plane of the installation inclined plane 110, the hatch 132 and the shell 131 form sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane 110, the hatch 132 is arranged in a transparent shape, the hatch 132 is arranged in a shielding state and an opening state which can be mutually switched, and the initial state is a shielding state, the exterior of the hatch 132 is provided with a handle 133;

in the working process of the fixing and clamping mechanism 210, a user loosens the first three-jaw chuck 212, inserts one end of a workpiece to be machined into the first three-jaw chuck 212, then screws the first three-jaw chuck 212, and when the workpiece to be machined needs to be turned, the user controls the control panel 121 to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the spindle motor 211 to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the fixing and clamping mechanism 210 drives the workpiece to be machined to perform high-speed rotary motion;

in the working process of the movable clamping mechanism 220, a user loosens the second three-jaw chuck 224, inserts one end of a workpiece to be machined into the first three-jaw chuck 224, then screws the second three-jaw chuck 224 tightly, when the workpiece to be machined needs to be turned, the user controls the control panel 121 to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the auxiliary shaft motor 223 to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the movable clamping mechanism 220 drives the workpiece to be machined to perform high-speed rotary motion;

(II) tool changing stage;

s2: when a machined workpiece needs to be cut by the turning tool 317, the rotating tool changing mechanism 320 drives the rotating ring 311 to rotate, the turning tool 317 in the working in-position state is switched to the idle state, the corresponding transmission block 319b is separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330, the turning tool 317 in the idle state is switched to the working in-position state, and the corresponding transmission block 319b is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330;

in the working process of the rotary tool changing mechanism 320, when the combined turning tool 317 of the B1B2 needs to be combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism 330, the control panel 121 sends an instruction to the control system, the control system controls and starts the tool changing motor 323, the tool changing motor 323 performs stepping operation and transmits power to the rotating ring 311 through the worm 324 and the special-shaped turbine 325, so that the rotating ring 311 rotates clockwise by forty-five degrees, the transmission block 319B corresponding to the combined turning tool 317 of the B1B2 is combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism 330 and is switched from an idle state to a working in-position state to wait for feed turning; when the combined C1C2 turning tool 317 needs to be combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism 330, the tool changing motor 323 drives the rotating ring 311 to rotate ninety degrees clockwise, so that the transmission block 319b corresponding to the combined C1C2 turning tool 317 is combined with the output end of the feed driving mechanism 330 and is switched from an idle state to a working position state to wait for feed turning; when the D1D2 combined turning tool 317 needs to be combined with the feeding driving mechanism 330, the tool changing motor 323 drives the rotating ring 311 to rotate one hundred thirty five degrees clockwise, so that the transmission block 319b corresponding to the D1D2 combined turning tool 317 is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330 and is switched to a working in-place state from an idle state to wait for feeding turning, and in the resetting process, the tool changing motor 323 drives the rotating ring 311 to rotate one hundred eighty degrees clockwise, so that the transmission block 319b corresponding to the A1A2 combined turning tool 317 is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330 again.

A horizontal high-efficiency numerical control lathe with an inclined lathe bed comprises a rectangular lathe bed 100 which falls to the ground, a clamping part 200 which is used for clamping a workpiece and driving the workpiece to perform rotary motion, a lathe tool part 300 which is used for performing lathe machining on the workpiece which performs high-speed rotary motion, and a control system which is used for controlling the clamping part 200 and the lathe tool part 300, wherein a lathe head box 120 is fixedly arranged on one end surface of the lathe bed 100 along the length direction of the lathe bed 100, the height of the lathe head box 120 is greater than that of the lathe bed 100, a rectangular installation inclined surface 110 is arranged on the upper end surface of the lathe bed 100, the length direction of the installation inclined surface 110 is parallel to the horizontal direction, the width direction and the horizontal direction form a forty-five-degree included angle, a control panel 121 which is in signal connection with the control system is arranged on the lathe bed 120, a rectangular processing cabin 130 which is matched with the installation inclined surface 110 is fixedly covered on the installation inclined surface, the processing cabin 130 comprises a shell The opening direction of the outer shell 131 is perpendicular to the plane of the installation inclined plane 110, the hatch 132 and the outer shell 131 form sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane 110, the hatch 132 is arranged to be transparent, the hatch 132 is arranged to be in a shielding state and an opening state which can be switched to each other, the initial state is a shielding state, and a handle 133 is arranged outside the hatch 132.

Specifically, the clamping component 200 and the turning tool component 300 are both disposed in the processing chamber 130, the clamping component 200 includes a fixed clamping mechanism 210 disposed near one end of the headstock 120, the movable clamping mechanism 220 is arranged at one end of the lathe head box 120, the fixed clamping mechanism 210 and the movable clamping mechanism 220 are arranged oppositely and coaxially, the movable clamping mechanism 220 can slide along the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110, the turning end of the turning tool component 300 is positioned between the fixed clamping mechanism 210 and the movable clamping mechanism 220, the turning tool component 300 can wholly slide along the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110, the turning end of the turning tool component 300 is provided with a plurality of turning ends which are arranged along the circumferential direction array where the rotary motion of a processed workpiece is located, and the turning ends of the turning tool component 300 are respectively turning tools 317 of different types capable of being detachably clamped and the turning tools 317 can independently perform feed turning.

During the turning process, a user pushes the hatch door 132 to slide along the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110 away from the headstock 120, so that the hatch door 132 is switched from a shielding state to an opening state, two workpieces to be machined are clamped on the clamping ends of the fixed clamping mechanism 210 and the movable clamping mechanism 220 respectively, then the hatch door 132 is switched from the opening state to the shielding state, the workpieces to be machined clamped on the fixed clamping mechanism 210 are turned at first, which is specifically represented by that the fixed clamping mechanism 210 is controlled to be started to operate by the control panel 121, the clamping end of the fixed clamping mechanism 210 drives the workpieces to perform high-speed rotary motion, the turning end of the turning tool component 300 and the workpieces to be machined in the high-speed rotary motion are controlled by the control panel 121 to perform tool setting, according to the machining process, a corresponding type is selected, so that a plurality of turning tools 317 in the turning tool component 300 are sequentially fed and turned along the radial direction of, the machining process of the machined workpiece is completed, then the machined workpiece clamped on the movable clamping mechanism 220 is turned, and the machining process is consistent with that of the machined workpiece clamped on the fixed clamping mechanism 210, and is not repeated.

The fixing and clamping mechanism 210 comprises a spindle motor 211 fixedly arranged in the headstock 120, an output shaft of the spindle motor 211 is axially parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined surface 110, a first three-jaw chuck 212 is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the spindle motor 211, the first three-jaw chuck 212 movably penetrates through the headstock 120 and extends into the processing cabin 130, and in order to facilitate starting control and rotating speed control of the spindle motor 211, the spindle motor 211 is a servo motor and signal connection is established between the spindle motor 211 and a control system.

In the working process of the fixing and clamping mechanism 210, a user loosens the first three-jaw chuck 212, one end of a workpiece to be machined is inserted into the first three-jaw chuck 212, then the first three-jaw chuck 212 is screwed, when the workpiece to be machined needs to be turned, the user controls the control panel 121 to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the spindle motor 211 to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the fixing and clamping mechanism 210 drives the workpiece to be machined to perform high-speed rotary motion.

In order to facilitate the installation of the movable clamping mechanism 220, an inner sunken groove 111 is formed in the middle of the installation inclined plane 110 in the width direction, the inner sunken groove 111 is arranged in the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110 and penetrates through the end of the installation inclined plane 110 in the length direction, a support frame 112 is fixedly installed at one end of the installation inclined plane 110, which is far away from the headstock 120 in the length direction, the movable clamping mechanism 220 comprises a first guide rail 221 fixedly arranged in the inner sunken groove 111, a guide block 222 is movably arranged on the first guide rail 221, the guide block 222 and the first guide rail 221 form a sliding guide fit in the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110, the guide block 222 is arranged close to the support frame 112 in an initial state, an auxiliary shaft motor 223 is fixedly arranged on the guide block 222, the axial direction of the auxiliary shaft motor 223 is parallel to the axial direction of the spindle motor 211, the output shaft of the auxiliary shaft motor 223 is arranged opposite to the output shaft of the spindle motor 211, and a second three, in order to facilitate the start control and the rotation speed control of the auxiliary shaft motor 223, the auxiliary shaft motor 223 is a servo motor and a signal connection is established between the auxiliary shaft motor 223 and the control system.

Specifically, in order to enable the two three-jaw chucks 224 to translate along the length direction of the installation inclined surface 110, a first lead screw 225 axially parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined surface 110 is arranged in the first guide rail 221, one end of the first lead screw 225 is in rotating connection and matching with the headstock 120, the other end of the first lead screw 225 is in rotating connection and matching with the support frame 112, and the end is a driving end, the movable clamping mechanism 220 further comprises a first translation motor 226 fixedly connected with the support frame 112, an output shaft of the first translation motor 226 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first lead screw 225, the first translation motor 226 is a stepping motor, and signal connection is established between the first translation motor 226 and a control system.

In the working process of the movable clamping mechanism 220, a user loosens the second three-jaw chuck 224, one end of a workpiece to be machined is inserted into the first three-jaw chuck 224, then the second three-jaw chuck 224 is screwed, when the workpiece to be machined needs to be turned, the user controls the control panel 121 to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the auxiliary shaft motor 223 to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the movable clamping mechanism 220 drives the workpiece to be machined to perform high-speed rotary motion.

When a user needs to process a long-axis workpiece, the user adjusts the first three-jaw chuck 224 to move in a translational mode close to the first three-jaw chuck 212, so that the distance between the first three-jaw chuck 212 and the second three-jaw chuck 224 is matched with the long-axis workpiece, and the user controls the control panel 121 to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the output shaft of the first translation motor 226 to rotate in the forward direction, the first translation motor 226 drives the first screw rod 225 to rotate synchronously, the forward rotation of the first screw rod 225 forces the guide block 222 to slide along the first guide rail 221 close to the headstock 120, the distance between the second three-jaw chuck 224 and the first three-jaw chuck 212 is gradually reduced until the distance is matched with the long-axis workpiece, then the first three-jaw chuck 212 and the second three-jaw chuck 224 are loosened, the end portions of the long-axis workpiece are respectively inserted into the first three-jaw chuck 212 and the second three-jaw chuck 224, and then the first three-jaw chuck 212 and the second three-, when the long-axis workpiece needs to be turned, a user operates the control panel 121 to send an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the main shaft motor 211 and the auxiliary shaft motor 223 to synchronously rotate in the same direction, and the fixed clamping mechanism 210 and the movable clamping mechanism 220 drive the long-axis workpiece to perform high-speed rotary motion together.

The turning tool component 300 comprises an annular tool rest 310 for detachably mounting a turning tool 317, the tool rest 310 comprises a rotating ring 311 which is movably arranged between a first three-jaw chuck 212 and a second three-jaw chuck 224 and is coaxially arranged with a self-centering axis of a clamping end of the first three-jaw chuck 212, a rectangular lug 312 is fixedly arranged on an outer circular surface of the rotating ring 311 and fixedly connected with the rotating ring 311 into a whole, the length direction of the lug 312 is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, the width direction of the lug 312 is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumference of the rotating ring 311, eight lugs 312 are arranged and are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring 311, a rectangular mounting groove 313 is arranged on one end surface of the lug 312 close to the first three-jaw chuck 212, one end of the mounting groove 313 penetrates through a suspension end of the lug 312, the other end of the mounting groove penetrates through the inner circular surface of the rotating ring 311, a sliding groove, the sliding block 314b and the sliding groove 314a form a sliding guide fit along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, one end surface of the sliding block 314b along the length direction is provided with a dovetail groove 315 penetrating to the other end surface thereof, the dovetail groove 315 penetrates to one end surface of the sliding block 314b close to the three-jaw chuck one 212, the side wall of the dovetail groove 315 along the width direction of the sliding block 314b is movably attached with a wedge-shaped clamping block 316, the clamping block 316 and the dovetail groove 315 form a sliding guide fit along the width direction of the sliding block 314b, one end surface of the two clamping blocks 316 close to each other is a clamping plane 316b parallel to the length direction of the sliding block 314b, one end surface of the two clamping blocks 316 far away from each other is a pressing inclined plane 316a parallel to the side wall of the dovetail groove 315, and the pressing inclined plane 316a is attached to the side wall of the dovetail groove 315 in an initial state, the turning tool 317 is, the turning tool 317 is clamped by the clamping flat 316 b.

Specifically, in order to enable the clamping plane 316b to clamp the turning tool 317, a pressing bolt 318 is disposed on an end surface of the slider 314b, which is close to the first three-jaw chuck 212, and is in threaded connection and matching with the end surface, the axial direction of the pressing bolt 318 is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating ring 311, the pressing bolt 318 is aligned with the pressing inclined plane 316b, four pressing bolts 318 are disposed and arrayed along the length direction of the slider 314b, the four pressing bolts 318 form a bolt group, the bolt group is disposed with two and arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the clamping blocks 316, and the pressing bolt 318 is rotated to abut against the pressing inclined plane 316a, so that the two clamping blocks 316 are close to each other and slide, and the turning tool 317 is clamped.

More specifically, in order to enable the turning tool 317 to move radially inward along the rotating ring 311 for feeding, the slider 314b needs to slide along the sliding groove 314a and radially inward along the rotating ring 311, for this purpose, an installation protrusion 314c is fixedly disposed at one end of the bottom of the installation groove 313 close to the inner circumferential surface of the rotating ring 311, an avoiding sliding groove 314d matched with the installation protrusion 314c is disposed on one end surface of the slider 314b close to the installation groove 313, the sliding groove 314d penetrates from the middle position of the slider 314b along the length direction thereof to one end surface thereof close to the axial line of the rotating ring 311, the avoiding sliding groove 314d and the installation protrusion 314c form a sliding guide fit along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, a limiting plate for blocking the opening at one end of the installation groove 313 away from the axial line of the rotating ring 311 is fixedly disposed, a feeding screw rod 319a axially disposed along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311 is, one end of the feed screw 319a is in rotational connection and matching with the mounting protrusion 314c, the other end of the feed screw 319a penetrates through the sliding block 314b to be in rotational connection and matching with the limiting plate, and the end is a driving end, the feed screw 319a and the sliding block 314b form threaded connection and matching, in order to drive the feed screw 319a to rotate, the driving end of the feed screw 319a is fixedly provided with a rectangular transmission block 319b, the length direction of the transmission block 319b is parallel to the tangential direction of the circumference where the rotating ring 311 is located, the width direction is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, the transmission block 319b drives the feed screw 319a to rotate, the sliding block 314b slides inwards along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, and therefore the.

The turning tool assembly 300 further comprises a feeding driving mechanism 330, a rotary tool changing mechanism 320 and a translation driving mechanism 340, wherein the driving block 319B is driven to rotate along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, the turning tools 317 can be divided into an A1A2 combination, a B1B2 combination, a C1C2 combination and a D1D2 combination which are oppositely arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, the driving block 319B in the A1A2 combination is combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330 in an initial state, the driving block 319B in the B1B2 combination, the C1C2 combination and the D1D2 combination is separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330, the turning tool 317 combined with the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330 is in a working position state, the turning tool 317 separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330 is in an idle state, the rotary mechanism 320 is used for driving the rotating ring 311 to rotate around the axis, and enabling the driving block 319B in the A1A2 combination to be separated from the output end of the feeding driving mechanism 330 and enabling the feeding driving block 319B to be separated from the output end of the B1B2 The output end of the moving mechanism 330 is combined, and the translational driving mechanism 340 is used for driving the tool holder 310 to perform translational sliding along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined surface 110.

Specifically, the rotary tool changer 320 includes a fixing ring 321 coaxially sleeved on the rotating ring 311 near the outside of one end of the three-jaw chuck two 224, an inner circular surface of the fixing ring 321 is rotatably connected and matched with an outer circular surface of the rotating ring 311, a fixing frame 322 is fixedly arranged on the outer circular surface of the fixing ring 321 and fixedly connected with the same, a notch is formed on one side of the fixing ring 321 near the installation inclined plane 110, a tool changing motor 323 is fixedly arranged on the fixing frame 322, an output shaft of the tool changing motor 323 is axially perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixing ring 321, a worm 324 extending to the notch is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the tool changing motor 324, a special-shaped turbine 325 coaxially arranged between the inner circular surface of the fixing ring 321 and the outer circular surface of the rotating ring 311 is provided with a sleeving ring 325a, and an engaging protrusion 325b is arranged on the outer circular surface of the sleeving ring 325, the engaging protrusions 325b are arranged in a plurality and are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction where the socket ring 325a is located, the engaging protrusions 325b are engaged with the worm 324, in order to facilitate driving of the rotating ring 311 to rotate for tool changing by forty-five degrees, the tool changing motor 323 is a stepping motor, and signal connection is established between the tool changing mechanism 323 and a control system.

In order to enable the transmission block 319b corresponding to the turning tool 317 to rotate along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311 in a state of working in place, the feeding driving mechanism 330 is fixedly arranged on the fixing frame 322, the feeding driving mechanism 330 is provided with two blocks and arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring 311, the feeding driving mechanism 330 comprises a fixing plate 338 fixedly arranged on the fixing frame 322, one plane of the fixing plate 338 is arranged opposite to the bump 312, a guide block 331 arranged corresponding to one bump 312 is fixedly arranged on one plane of the fixing plate 338 close to the bump 312, a guide slot 332 penetrating up and down is formed on one end surface of the guide block 331 close to the bump 312, a columnar rotating slot 333 is formed on one end surface of the guide block 331 close to the bump 312, the axial direction of the rotating slot 333 is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, the rotating slot 333 is located in the middle position of the guide slot 332 along the penetrating direction, a rotating, one end of the rotating shaft 334 extends into the rotating groove 333 and is coaxially and fixedly provided with a cylindrical rotating block 335 matched with the rotating groove 333, the rotating block 335 and the rotating groove 333 are in rotating connection and fit along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311, one end face of the rotating block 335 close to the projection 312 is provided with a butt joint groove 336 aligned with the guide groove 332 and penetrating up and down, the driving block 319 in an initial state can slide through the guide groove 332 and be clamped in the butt joint groove 336, in order to drive the rotating block 335 to rotate around the axis of the rotating block, one end face of the fixing plate 338 departing from the projection 312 is fixedly provided with a feeding motor 339, an output shaft of the feeding motor 339 movably penetrates through the fixing plate 338 and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 334, the feeding motor 339 is a stepping motor and is in signal connection with a control system, the rotating block 335 is driven to rotate forward by the feeding motor 339, so as to drive the, thereby causing the turning tool 317 to slide inward in the radial direction of the rotating ring 311 for feed turning.

Specifically, in order to separate the driving block 319b from the docking slot 336 and slide out of the guiding slot 332, and to slide the other driving block 319b from the guiding slot 332 into the docking slot 336, after the turning tool 317 is turned and reset, it is necessary to ensure that the docking slot 336 is always aligned with the guiding slot 332, for this purpose, an induction hole 337a is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating block 335 along the radial direction thereof, a distance sensor 337b is formed on the guiding block 331, a signal emitting end of the distance sensor 337b is aligned with the induction hole 337a in an initial state, and a signal connection is established between the distance sensor 337b and the control system.

During the operation of the feeding driving mechanisms 330, one of the feeding driving mechanisms 330 drives the turning tool 317 driven by the feeding driving mechanism to perform feeding turning, and then the other feeding driving mechanism 330 drives the turning tool 317 driven by the feeding driving mechanism to perform feeding turning, which is specifically characterized in that when the rotary tool changer 320 drives the rotating ring 311 to rotate and causes the corresponding transmission block 319b to be clamped in the butt-joint groove 336, then a user operates the control panel 121 to give an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the start-up feeding motor 339 to rotate in the forward direction, the feeding motor 339 drives the rotating shaft 334 to rotate, the rotating shaft 334 drives the rotating block 335 to rotate synchronously, the rotating block 335 drives the transmission block 319b to rotate synchronously, the rotation of the feeding screw rod 319a causes the turning tool 317 to move inwards along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311 and perform feeding turning on a machined workpiece in high-speed rotary motion, and after turning is completed, the user operates the control panel 121 to give, the control system controls the start-up feed motor 339 to rotate reversely and reset, so that the turning tool 317 moves outwards along the radial direction of the rotating ring 311 to reset, after the reset, the distance sensor 337b and the induction hole 337a are verified until the signal emitting end of the distance sensor 337b corresponds to the induction hole 337a, and the feed motor 339 stops rotating reversely.

The translational driving mechanism 340 comprises two guide rods 341 fixedly arranged between the support frame 112 and the headstock 120 and parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110, the two guide rods 341 are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110, the translational driving mechanism 340 further comprises two guide rails 342 fixedly arranged on the installation inclined plane 110 and parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the two guide rails 342 are respectively arranged at one side of the inner sunken groove 111, the fixing frame 322 is sleeved on the guide rods 341 and forms sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane 110, the fixing frame 322 extends to the two guide rails 342 and forms sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane 110, a screw rod two 343 axially parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane 110 is arranged in the guide rails two 342, one end of the screw rod two 343 is rotatably connected and matched with the headstock 120 in a rotating manner, The other end of the second screw rod 343 is rotatably connected and matched with the support frame 112 and is a driving end, the fixing frame 323 is sleeved outside the second screw rod 343 and forms threaded connection and matching with the second screw rod 343, in order to drive the two screw rod 343 to rotate synchronously, one end of the two screw rod 343, which is far away from the support frame 112, extends into the headstock 120, and a synchronous belt transmission assembly 345 for connecting the two screw rod 343 and the headstock is arranged between the two screw rod 343 and the headstock, the translation driving mechanism 340 further comprises a translation motor 344 fixedly connected with the support frame 112, an output shaft of the translation motor 344 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the driving end of one of the second screw rod 343, the translation motor 344 is controlled, the translation motor 344 is a stepping motor, and signal connection is.

In the working process of the translation driving mechanism 340, when the turning tool 317 needs to be moved and the tool setting is performed on the machined workpiece rotating at a high speed, the control panel 121 sends an instruction to the control system, the control system controls the translation motor 344 to start and operate, the translation motor 344 drives the second lead screw 343 to synchronously rotate, the second lead screw 343 forces the fixing frame 322 to slide along the guide rod 341, and the fixing frame 422 drives the whole tool holder 310 to synchronously move, so that the turning tool 317 performs the tool setting on the machined workpiece rotating at a high speed.

Claims

1. The high-efficiency automatic tool changing process of the numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:

a normal turning stage;

(II) tool changing stage;

2. The high efficiency automatic tool changing process of the numerical control machine according to claim 1, wherein the feeding driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the fixing frame, the feeding driving mechanism is provided with two feeding driving mechanisms which are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the rotating ring, the feeding driving mechanism comprises a fixing plate fixedly arranged on the fixing frame, one plane of the fixing plate is arranged opposite to the lug, a guide block arranged corresponding to one lug is fixedly arranged on the plane of the fixing plate close to the lug, one end surface of the guide block close to the lug is provided with a vertically penetrating guide groove, one end surface of the guide block close to the lug is provided with a columnar rotating groove, the axial direction of the rotating groove is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating ring, the rotating groove is positioned at the middle position of the guide groove along the penetrating direction of the rotating groove, the guide block is internally provided with a rotating main shaft coaxially arranged with the rotating groove, one end of the rotating shaft extends, the rotary block and the rotary groove are connected and matched along the radial rotation of the rotating ring, the rotary block is close to one end face of the lug and is provided with a butt joint groove which is aligned with the guide groove and penetrates through the guide groove from top to bottom, the transmission block in an initial state can slide through the guide groove and is clamped in the butt joint groove, the fixed plate is fixedly provided with a feed motor by deviating from one end face of the lug, the output shaft of the feed motor movably penetrates through the fixed plate and is connected with the rotary shaft in a coaxial and fixed mode, and the feed motor is a stepping motor and is in.

3. The high-efficiency automatic tool changing process of the numerical control machine tool according to claim 2, wherein an induction hole is formed in the outer circumferential surface of the rotating block along the radial direction of the rotating block, a distance sensor is arranged on the guide block in a penetrating manner, a signal transmitting end of the distance sensor is aligned with the induction hole in an initial state, and signal connection is established between the distance sensor and the control system.

4. The high-efficiency automatic tool changing process of the numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the translational driving mechanism comprises two guide rods which are fixedly arranged between the support frame and the headstock and are parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the two guide rods are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the installation inclined plane, the translational driving mechanism further comprises a second guide rail which is fixedly arranged on the installation inclined plane and is parallel to the length direction of the second guide rail, the second guide rail is provided with two guide rails which are respectively positioned at one side of the inner sunken groove, the fixing frame is sleeved on the guide rods and forms sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane, the fixing frame extends to the second guide rail and forms sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the installation inclined plane, a second lead screw which is axially parallel to the length direction of the installation inclined plane is arranged in the second guide rail, one end of the second lead screw is, The other end of the second screw rod is in rotating connection and matching with the support frame, the end is a driving end, the fixing frame is sleeved outside the second screw rod, the two screw rods form threaded connection and matching, one end, deviating from the support frame, of the two second screw rods extends into the headstock, a synchronous belt transmission assembly used for connecting the two screw rods is arranged between the two screw rods, the translation driving mechanism further comprises a translation motor fixedly connected with the support frame, an output shaft of the translation motor is coaxially and fixedly connected with the driving end of the second screw rod, the translation motor is a stepping motor, and signal connection is established between the translation motor and the control system.