CN110586102A - Preparation method of heteroatom-like catalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method of heteroatom-like catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN110586102A CN110586102A CN201910774065.4A CN201910774065A CN110586102A CN 110586102 A CN110586102 A CN 110586102A CN 201910774065 A CN201910774065 A CN 201910774065A CN 110586102 A CN110586102 A CN 110586102A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910017116 Fe—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Methionine Natural products CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195722 L-methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004452 methionine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;boron Chemical compound [B].N JBANFLSTOJPTFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].Cl[Pd]Cl.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000952 abberration-corrected high angular annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BGLTVMJQSUKOCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;chromium;cyclopentyl(diphenyl)phosphane;iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[CH]1[CH][CH][CH][C]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH]1[CH][CH][CH][C]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BGLTVMJQSUKOCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
- B01J23/862—Iron and chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/881—Molybdenum and iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/888—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
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- B01J35/40—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0036—Grinding
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a heteroatom-like catalyst, which comprises the following steps: step one, mechanical ball milling: dispersing a transition metal precursor in porous carbon with high specific surface area by using a high-energy mechanical ball milling method to obtain a heteroatom catalyst precursor, wherein the content of transition metal is one ten thousandth to five thousandths; the transition metal ions include Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, Fe-Pd, Fe-W, Fe-Mo, Fe-Cr, etc.; step two, high-temperature roasting: the heteroatom catalyst precursor N obtained in the first step2Then high-temperature roasting is carried out, and the corresponding heteroatom catalyst can be obtained after the product is cooled to room temperature. The invention realizes the preparation of the transition metal heteroatom catalyst material, has good expansibility and reproducibility, and solves the problems of low metal content, few types, complex preparation method and the like in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material science and engineering, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a heteroatom-like catalytic material.
Background
Transition metal doped carbon-based material catalysts are one of the research hotspots in the field of heterogeneous catalysis at present. It has attracted attention because of its advantages of high catalytic activity, good selectivity, easy separation, high utilization rate of metal active components, etc.
At present, the preparation method of the high-dispersion metal heteroatom catalyst mainly comprises an impregnation method and a deposition precipitation method, and then high-temperature calcination. Although the impregnation method is simple to operate, the active components of the catalyst are easily distributed unevenly and the load strength is weak.
The traditional deposition precipitation method has the problems of difficult control of precipitation sites, poor repeatability, difficult dispersion of metal atoms and the like. In recent years, with the continuous research on supported atom catalysts, the research on "heteroatom-like metal catalysts" has been gradually increased. Unlike the single atom catalyst, the 'heteroatom-like' catalyst has the advantages that the synergistic effect exists between adjacent metal atoms, and the active site distribution which is more matched with the molecular size of reactants can be provided, so that the energy barrier of certain reactions can be effectively reduced, a new reaction path is formed, and the catalyst has the advantages which cannot be compared with the single atom catalyst.
The university of Qinghua Liyadona academy passes through Ru3(CO)12The molecules are used as precursors and dispersed in ZIF zeolite molecular sieve cages, and then pyrolyzed to form uniform Ru stabilized by N ligands3Cluster of atoms to produce Ru with unique structure and excellent catalytic performance at low cost3a/CN catalyst. The experimental results show that: ru3/CN (4320 h-1) TOF ratio of Ru1/CN monatomic catalyst (TOF = 416 h)-1) About 10 times higher. However, the growth of ZIF is sensitive to conditions, and the precursor is prone to uneven dispersion due to limited mass transfer when the system is amplified.
Chinese science and technology university roadMilitary uses atomic layer deposition to process the graphene substrate to generate appropriate nucleation sites, and thus deposit a first batch of Pt monoatomic atoms, while a second batch of Pt atoms selectively deposit on the Pt monoatomic atoms1 At sites, Pt is formed uniformly and independently of each other2A diatomic structure. Due to the electronic synergy between two Pt atoms, the Pt atom on the top end is opposite to ammonia borane and H2Adsorption ratio of (3) Pt1The single atom being weaker, in particular, Pt2The catalyst has less residue of B atoms on Pt atoms and small poisoning effect on the catalyst when catalyzing the hydrolytic dehydrogenation reaction of ammonia borane, so that the catalyst is prepared from Pt2The reaction rate of the diatomic catalyst catalysis is Pt117 times under the catalysis of a monatomic catalyst. However, the preparation method has harsh conditions, high requirements on instruments and equipment, high cost and high synthesis cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects that the distribution of metal active centers in the heteroatom catalyst is not uniform, the improvement of reaction efficiency is limited in certain reactions and the like, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a heteroatom-like catalyst so as to solve the problems that the load of the heteroatom catalyst and a reaction substrate is not firm, good contact cannot be formed and the like. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of making a heteroatom-like catalyst, comprising the steps of:
step one, mechanical ball milling:
dispersing a transition metal precursor in a substrate with a high specific surface area by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain a heteroatom catalyst precursor; the transition metal precursor is a commercial product, and is dispersed in a substrate with a high specific surface area by using a high-energy mechanical ball milling method to obtain a heteroatom catalyst precursor, wherein the content of transition metal is five ten-thousandths to two thousandths;
step two, high-temperature roasting:
adding the precursor of the heteroatom catalyst obtained in the first step into N2Roasting at high temperature in the atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the corresponding heteroatom catalyst.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the transition metal precursor is one or a mixture of Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, Fe-Pd, Fe-W, Fe-Mo and Fe-Cr.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the mechanical ball milling is performed by a planetary ball mill, the ball milling rotation speed is 100-.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the roasting condition is 600-1000 ℃, the roasting gas flow is selected from inert gases, and the roasting time is 1-4 hours.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the substrate with high specific surface area is one or a mixture of several substrate materials such as carbon black, carbon nano tubes, urea, L-methionine and polyacrylonitrile.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the mechanical ball milling in the first step comprises the steps of: weighing a bimetal precursor and a carbon-based material, adding the bimetal precursor and the carbon-based material into a ball milling tank, adding a plurality of large and small ball milling beads together, adopting a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, ball milling for 1-48 h at the rotating speed of 100-; ball milling, bottling, and vacuum drying at 80 deg.C overnight.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the ball milling tank adopted by the planetary ball mill is an agate tank, the volume of the ball milling tank is 50-250 mL, the ball milling beads are agate beads, and the bead radius of the ball milling beads comprises three types, namely 3 mm, 6 mm and 10 mm; the ball milling time is 1-48 h, the ball milling frequency is 0.1-45.0 Hz, the ball milling condition is one of single-phase operation or bidirectional operation, the bidirectional operation alternate time is 90min, and the bidirectional operation halt waiting time is set to be 0. The rotating speed of the ball milling tank is 100-; the ball milling time is 1-48 h.
The invention utilizes the commercially available bimetallic complex precursor, and disperses the transition metal precursor in the carbon-based material by a mechanical ball milling method. Regulating and controlling the metal content by regulating and controlling the weight ratio of the transition metal precursor to the diluted carbon-based material; regulating the bimetallic heteroatom species by using different bimetallic complex species; the conversion from a transition metal precursor and a carbon-based material to an N-doped C-loaded bimetallic-like heteroatom catalyst is realized by regulating and controlling the roasting conditions.
The heteroatom-like catalyst obtained by the invention is an N-doped C-loaded transition metal heteroatom material M1-M2and/N-C. The metal center of the prepared monatomic-like catalyst comprises Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, Fe-Pd, Fe-W, Fe-Mo, Fe-Cr and the like.
The preparation method of the invention utilizes the commercially available bimetallic complex, and the bimetallic precursor is uniformly loaded on the carrier by a ball milling method so as to realize uniform dispersion and coordination of the metal. The preparation method fully utilizes cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, then simply ball-milling, regulating and controlling the proportion of target transition metal and carbon-based carrier, and then roasting at high temperature by using a tubular furnace, thereby realizing the regulation of metal content, variety and stability. The controllable preparation method of the transition metal monoatomic catalyst reduces the reaction cost and the experimental requirements, can expand various transition metals, meets the experimental diversification requirements, and enriches the research of the related fields.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize the accurate control of the transition metal atom distance in a controllable space in the preparation process.
2. The preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, low production cost, no need of expensive instruments with high precision and suitability for large-scale production.
3. The invention realizes the controllable preparation (0.01-0.5 wt%) of the transition metal content by regulating and controlling the proportion of the bimetallic complex and the carbon-based carrier;
4. the invention makes full use of the ball milling method to ensure that the precursor of the bimetallic compound is highly dispersed on the carrier by dilution, thereby having wider application range.
5. The invention realizes the preparation of the transition metal heteroatom catalyst material, has good expansibility and reproducibility, and solves the problems of low metal content, few types, complex preparation method and the like in the prior art.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bimetallic complex structure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a prepared Fe-Ni heteroatom catalyst spherical aberration correction transmission electron microscope AC-HAADF-STEM.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.
Example 1
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) nickel dichloride, 1.2g of carbon black and 1.2g of urea, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling condition is set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way halt waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tubular furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the iron-nickel diatomic catalyst is obtained.
Example 2
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) cobalt dichloride, 1.2g of carbon black and 1.2g L-methionine, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing the medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling conditions are set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way shutdown waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material with uniform 2 nm particles is obtained.
Example 3
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) palladium dichloride and 3.17 g of polyacrylonitrile, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling condition is set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way halt waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material of the nano particles is obtained.
Example 4
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) palladium dichloride, 1.2g of carbon nano tubes and 1.2g L-methionine, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing the medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling conditions are set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way shutdown waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material of the nano particles is obtained.
Example 5
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) tungsten tetracarbonyl, 1.5 g of carbon black and 1.2g L-methionine, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing the medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling conditions are set to be that positive and negative rotation are switched once every 90min, and the two-way shutdown waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material of the nano particles is obtained.
Example 6
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) tungsten tetracarbonyl and 3.17 g of polyacrylonitrile, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling condition is set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way halt waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material of the nano particles is obtained.
Example 7
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) molybdenum tetracarbonyl and 3.17 g of polyacrylonitrile, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling condition is set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way halt waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material of the nano particles is obtained.
Example 8
Weighing a mixture of 0.01 g of (1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) tetracarbonylchromium and 3.17 g of polyacrylonitrile, adding the mixture into a 50mL agate ball milling tank, placing a plurality of agate balls in the tank, placing the agate ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, carrying out ball milling for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min, manually scraping off and uniformly mixing medicines stained on the wall of the ball milling tank by a medicine spoon in the midway, then placing the ball milling tank into the ball mill again for ball milling, wherein the ball milling condition is set to be switched once every 90min in positive and negative rotation, and the two-way halt waiting time is 0 s. After the ball milling is finished, the medicines are collected, bottled, dried and stored at normal temperature, and then a proper amount of the medicines are roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the condition of nitrogen, so that the heteroatom-like catalytic material of the nano particles is obtained.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a heteroatom-like catalyst, comprising the steps of:
step one, mechanical ball milling:
dispersing a transition metal precursor in a substrate with a high specific surface area by using a mechanical ball milling method to obtain a heteroatom catalyst precursor;
step two, high-temperature roasting:
adding the precursor of the heteroatom catalyst obtained in the first step into N2Roasting at high temperature in the atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the corresponding heteroatom catalyst.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal precursor is one or more of Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, Fe-Pd, Fe-W, Fe-Mo and Fe-Cr.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical ball milling is performed by a planetary ball mill, the rotational speed of the ball milling is 100-.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calcination condition is 600-1000 ℃, the calcination gas flow is selected from inert gases, and the calcination time is 1-4 hours.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate with high specific surface area is one or more of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, urea, L-methionine and polyacrylonitrile.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mechanical ball milling of the first step comprises the steps of: weighing a bimetal precursor and a carbon-based material, adding the bimetal precursor and the carbon-based material into a ball milling tank, adding a plurality of large and small ball milling beads together, adopting a planetary ball mill QM3SP2L, ball milling for 1-48 h at the rotating speed of 100-; ball milling, bottling, and vacuum drying at 80 deg.C overnight.
7. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the ball milling pot used in the planetary ball mill is an agate pot, the volume of the ball milling pot is 50-250 mL, the ball milling beads are agate beads, and the bead radius thereof comprises three types of 3 mm, 6 mm and 10 mm; the ball milling time is 1-48 h, the ball milling frequency is 0.1-45.0 Hz, the ball milling condition is one of single-phase operation or bidirectional operation, the bidirectional operation alternate time is 90min, and the bidirectional operation halt waiting time is set to be 0.
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