CN110585446B - Nir-ii荧光增强脂质体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
Nir-ii荧光增强脂质体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种NIR‑II荧光增强脂质体及其制备方法和应用。NIR‑II荧光增强脂质体的脂质体膜层中含有NIR‑II荧光探针IR1061,脂质体水核内包载有吲哚菁绿。制备方法包括:将脂质体膜层的组成成分分散于有机溶剂中,旋转蒸发成膜,除去残留有机溶剂,加入吲哚菁绿水溶液进行水化。本发明不需使用无机纳米材料,通过ICG与IR1061的共载,获得显著强于单一组分的荧光增强脂质体,高于IR1061脂质体(~4倍),脂质体发射峰红移;NIR‑II荧光增强脂质体的荧光强度的大幅度增强使得可以以低剂量、低功率、常规的曝光时间实现所需的荧光成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米技术和荧光诊断研究领域,尤其涉及一种NIR-II荧光增强脂质体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
血液动力学信息的变化与许多疾病密切相关。血管成像能够提供解剖学和血液动力学的实时信息,促进血管疾病,如外周血管疾病、创伤性脑损伤的诊断和治疗的进步,具有重要的临床意义。与其他成像方式相比较,荧光成像具有操作简便、灵敏度高和无放射性污染等优点。荧光成像操作简便及成像设备便携可移动的特点使得荧光成像适合作为术中成像引导技术使用。但,传统成像区域(400~700nm)有限的分辨率和成像深度限制了荧光成像的应用。
相较于传统的荧光成像区域(可见光区及近红外一区:发射波长700~900nm,NIR-I)成像,近红外二区(发射波长1000~1700nm,NIR-II)内光子散射与吸收、组织自发荧光的降低带来改善的成像质量,能够实现高空间分辨率、高组织穿透力及高信噪比成像,提供体内解剖学和生物事件信息的实时动态信息,在肿瘤成像、血管成像及干细胞标记等多个方面具有广阔应用前景。当前的NIR-II探针包括镧系元素(Ln)掺杂纳米结构(LDNCs),单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs),近红外荧光量子点(QD)及有机小分子染料等。相对于无机类纳米材料,有机小分子染料能够在体内快速代谢,具有更高的生物相容性。
大多数有机探针分子具有固有的疏水性,需要进一步对其修饰达到体内应用的目的。通过引入纳米技术,将有机小分子探针装载于水溶性纳米颗粒,能够增加有机小分子荧光探针的水溶性。脂质体是具有由磷脂组成的双层结构的球形脂质囊泡,由于磷脂的两亲性质,脂质体可作为包封疏水性和亲水性药物的多用途药物载体,改善药物溶解性和稳定性。与其他类型的纳米颗粒(无机纳米材料和人工聚合物)相比较,脂质体具有更高的生物相容性和生物可降解性质,在临床转化上更具优势。
问题是,当加载到亲水性聚合物基质中或用离子基团修饰以增加疏水性分子的水溶性时,带来不可避免的分子聚集和严重的荧光猝灭(ACQ),降低荧光强度。降低的荧光强度,需要用长曝光时间或增强的注射剂量进行弥补,这不利于进行高时间分辨率及高灵敏度成像。
发明内容
发明目的:为了解决现有技术中的问题,本发明提供了一种NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,提高了荧光强度;本发明的另一目的是提供NIR-II荧光增强脂质体的制备方法和用途。
技术方案:本发明所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,该脂质体的脂质体膜层中含有NIR-II荧光探针IR1061,脂质体水核内包载有吲哚菁绿。
由磷脂组成的脂质体具有更高的生物相容性和生物可降解性质,可作为包封疏水性和亲水性药物的多用途药物载体;然而现有技术面临的进行修饰增加疏水性分子的水溶性时,造成荧光强度降低,本发明通过NIR-II荧光探针IR1061和NIR-I荧光探针吲哚菁绿的相互作用,可以实现荧光增强,具体涉及近红外二区荧光增强。
进一步,脂质体的粒径为160~180nm,多分散系数为0.16~0.19,Zeta电位为±9~22mV。
所述脂质体膜层的组成成分包括磷脂、表面活性剂、胆固醇和NIR-II荧光探针IR1061,呈磷脂双分子结构。
所述磷脂为卵磷脂,所述表面活性剂为吐温如吐温-80。
所述磷脂、胆固醇和表面活性剂的质量比为120:12~40:20~40,优选的,所述磷脂、胆固醇和表面活性剂的质量比为120:12~15:20~25,更优选为120:24:12:1。
所述脂质体水核中包含吲哚菁绿,吲哚菁绿与磷脂的质量比为1:80~1:180,优选为1:110~1:130,更优选为1:120;所述NIR-II荧光探针IR1061位于脂质体膜层,与磷脂的质量比为1:90~1:120,优选为1:110~1:120。
进一步,所述脂质体膜层的组成成分还包括十八胺,可以进一步提升荧光强度。
所述十八胺与磷脂的质量比为1:30~1:10。
本发明还提供了所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体的制备方法,包括:将脂质体膜层的组成成分分散于有机溶剂中,旋转蒸发成膜,除去残留有机溶剂,加入吲哚菁绿水溶液进行水化。
其中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷与乙醇按体积比7:1~10:1配制而成。
所述旋转蒸发成膜时,可采用37℃梯度减压旋转蒸发,形成均匀薄膜。除去残留有机溶剂可以采用抽真空的方式。
水化时,可以将吲哚菁绿分散于0.9%NaCl溶液中,然后加入到所述的膜中,35~37℃振荡水化2.5~3.5小时后超声2~3min,分别过450nm,220nm滤膜两次,再去除游离ICG。
本发明还提供了所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体在制备荧光成像试剂中的用途。
有益效果:
本发明不需使用无机纳米材料,通过ICG与IR1061的共载,获得显著强于单一组分的荧光增强脂质体,高于IR1061脂质体(~4倍),脂质体发射峰红移。
通过阳离子膜材十八胺的引入构建阳离子脂质体获得进一步增强的NIR-II荧光,ICG/IR1061共载阳离子脂质体的荧光强度高于IR1061脂质体(~10倍)。
NIR-II荧光增强脂质体的荧光强度的大幅度增强使得可以以低剂量、低功率、常规的曝光时间实现所需的荧光成像。
本发明具体实施例所制备两种脂质体粒径均小于200nm,PDI系数均小于0.3,粒径分布均匀,其中ICG/IR1061共载脂质体为阴离子脂质体,ICG/IR1061/SA为阳离子脂质体。
附图说明
图1为本发明两种荧光增强脂质体的结构示意图;
图2为本发明使用的有机小分子染料的化学结构示意图,其中a:ICG,b:IR1061;
图3为两种荧光增强脂质体的透射电子显微镜图像,其中a:ICG-IR1061-LP;b:ICG-IR1061-CLP;
图4为脂质体荧光光谱图;
图5为荧光增强脂质体荧光强度对比,其中(a):ICG/IR1061脂质体,(b):IR1061脂质体;离心管中浓度由下至上依次分别为:1.6,3.2,4.8,6.4,8mg PC/mL;
图6为近红外一区成像与近红外二区成像体外成像对比;其中(a)-(c)为ICG脂质体分别在2mm、4mm、8mm组织厚度的NIR-I成像;(d)为ICG-IR1061-LP脂质体在8mm组织厚度的NIR-II成像;
图7为IR1061脂质体、荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP与荧光增强阳离子脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的NIR-II荧光强度对比,其中(a)为NIR-II体外成像图片,(b)为(a)中对应的NIR-II荧光强度;
图8为脂质体近红外二区血管成像效果图,其中,(a)为ICG脂质体的NIR-I体内血管成像,(b)为ICG-IR1061-LP脂质体的NIR-II成像(激发:980nm,曝光时间:200ms),(c)为ICG-IR1061-CLP脂质体的NIR-II成像(激发:980nm,曝光时间:100ms)。
图9为通过MTT实验对脂质体(ICG-IR1061-LP和ICG-IR1061-CLP)进行体外细胞毒性评估所获得细胞存活率图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明。
材料来源如下:
卵磷脂Lipoid S 100购自LIPOID GMBH.FRIJENSTIASSE;胆固醇购自东京化成工业株式会社;十八胺购自麦克林;磷钨酸购自九鼎化学。MDA-MB-231(人乳腺癌细胞)由江苏省肿瘤发生与干预实验室提供。
其他试剂均国产分析纯。
实施例1
荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的制备
精确称取卵磷脂(PC)、吐温-80、胆固醇和IR1061(质量比120:24:12:1),用体积比8:1的二氯甲烷/乙醇(~15ml)溶于圆底烧瓶内,37℃旋转蒸发,成膜后,于真空泵中抽真空6h,加入一定浓度ICG溶液(PC:ICG=120:1,m/m;ICG分散于0.9%NaCl水溶液中),37℃,130rpm振荡水化3h,水浴超声3min后分别过450nm,220nm针筒式滤膜两次,获得滤液,制得NIR-II成像脂质体(IR1061 Liposome),脂质体溶液终浓度为9mg PC/mL。将脂质体溶液置于200KDa透析袋中,室温透析过夜去除游离ICG,制备得到荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度法确定荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的ICG浓度,终浓度为75μg/mL。本实施例荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的粒径为172.1±1.2nm,多分散系数为0.187,Zeta电位为-19.7±0.9mV。荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的形貌表征如图中3(a)所示。
实施例2
荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的制备
按配方精确称取卵磷脂(PC)、吐温-80、胆固醇、十八胺和IR1061(质量比120:24:12:12:1)后,用体积比8:1的二氯甲烷/乙醇(~15ml)溶于圆底烧瓶内,37℃旋转蒸发,成膜后,于真空泵中抽真空6h,加入一定浓度ICG溶液(PC:ICG=120:1,m/m;ICG分散于0.9%NaCl水溶液中),37℃,130rpm振荡水化3h,水浴超声3min后分别过450nm,220nm针筒式滤膜两次,获得滤液,制得NIR-II成像脂质体(IR1061 Liposome),脂质体溶液终浓度为9mg PC/mL。将脂质体溶液置于200KDa透析袋中,室温透析过夜去除游离ICG,制备得到荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度法确定荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的ICG浓度,终浓度为75μg/mL。本实施例荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的粒径为171.6±1.3nm,多分散系数为0.178,Zeta电位为+10.8±0.5mV。荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的形貌表征如图3中(b)所示。
对比例1
近红外一区成像脂质体ICG-LP的制备
按配方精确称取卵磷脂、吐温-80和胆固醇(质量比120:24:12)后,用体积比8:1的二氯甲烷/乙醇(~15ml)溶于圆底烧瓶内,37℃旋转蒸发,成膜后,于真空泵中抽真空6h,加入一定浓度ICG溶液(PC:ICG=120:1,m/m;ICG分散于0.9%NaCl水溶液中),37℃,130rpm振荡水化3h,水浴超声3min后分别过450nm,220nm针筒式滤膜两次,获得滤液,制得NIR-I成像脂质体(ICG-LP),脂质体溶液终浓度为9mg PC/mL。将脂质体溶液置于200KDa透析袋中,室温透析过夜去除游离ICG。通过紫外-可见光分光光度法确定ICG终浓度为75μg/mL。本实施例ICG-LP的粒径为105.3±5.1nm,多分散系数为0.127,Zeta电位为-19.8±0.2mV。
对比例2
近红外二区成像脂质体IR1061-LP的制备
按配方卵磷脂、吐温-80、胆固醇和IR1061(质量比120:24:12:1)后,用体积比8:1的二氯甲烷/乙醇(~15ml)溶于圆底烧瓶内,37℃旋转蒸发,成膜后,于真空泵中抽真空6h,加入一定0.9%NaCl水溶液,37℃,130rpm振荡水化3h,水浴超声3min后分别过450nm,220nm针筒式滤膜两次,获得滤液,制得NIR-II成像脂质体,脂质体溶液终浓度为9mg PC/mL。本实施例IR1061-LP的粒径为116.7±5.7nm,多分散系数为0.137,略带负电荷。
实施例3
为了评估实施例1中所获得荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的NIR-II荧光性能。将荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP稀释至IR1061为7.5μg/mL,通过低温时间分辨荧光光谱仪测量脂质体NIR-II光谱,以ICG-LP,IR1061-LP为对照组,分析其荧光光谱变化,如图4所示,IR1061-LP(图中标识为IR1061)和ICG-IR1061-LP(图中标识为ICG-IR1061)的近红外二区荧光均明显强于ICG-LP(图中标识为ICG)近红外二区荧光。相较于IR1061-LP,ICG-IR1061-LP荧光强度进一步增强的同时,荧光发射峰红移(~50nm)
将同浓度IR1061脂质体,ICG-IR1061-LP溶液装于0.5mL有盖离心管(1.6,3.2,4.8,6.4,8mg PC/mL),用NIR II生物成像系统(980nm激发)收集荧光信号,发现荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的NIR-II荧光强度明显高于IR1061脂质体(~4倍),如图5所示。
实施例4
为了评估实施例1中所获得荧光增强脂质体的NIR-II体外成像性能,使用均匀切割的鸡胸肉组织进行体外模拟成像。用毛细管(OD=1.5mm/ID=1.0mm)吸取脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP溶液置于不同厚度组织(2mm、4mm、8mm)下进行体外成像,使用ICG脂质体进行NIR-I成像进行对比,可以观察到NIR-II改善成像分辨率及成像深度,ICG脂质体的NIR-I成像在8mm组织深度下无法观察到毛细管结构,而脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP的NIR-II成像仍然能够观察到较为清晰的毛细管结构,如图6所示。
实施例6
为了评估实施例2中所获得荧光增强阳离子脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的NIR-II荧光强度的进一步增强,以实施例1的脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP和IR1061脂质体作为对照组,将相同浓度(9mg PC/ml)的脂质体溶液装于2mL有盖离心管中,用NIR II生物成像系统(980nm激发)收集荧光信号,并通过(1000-1200nm)带通滤波器过滤测定脂质体体外成像性能,如图7所示。可以观察到荧光增强阳离子脂质体ICG-IR1061-CLP的荧光强度(~40000)明显高于IR1061脂质体(~10倍),并高于实施例1中所制备的荧光增强脂质体ICG-IR1061-LP(~2.5倍)。
实施例6
为了评估实施例1和2中所获得的荧光增强脂质体的体内血管成像能力,分别取两种脂质体0.2mL(75μg IR1061/mL),小鼠尾静脉注射,进行NIR-II区血管成像,与ICG脂质体NIR-I区图像所获取的图像进行对比分析。单只雄性小鼠荧光探针IR1061用量、激光照射功率和曝光时间与同类型研究对比如表1。与现有技术中的有机小分子荧光探针相比,本申请实施例1和2的探针,可以在更小的剂量和功率下使用,曝光时间可以采用常规使用的曝光时间。
小鼠(Balb/C雄性成年小鼠)血管成像效果对比如图8所示。其中NIR-I血管成像(图8(a))血管结构模糊。通过imageJ软件分析血管区域荧光强度与血管周围区域荧光强度,计算分析得图像信号背景比~1.01。而实施例1和2所获得的两种脂质体进行的NIR-II血管成像均能够观察到清晰的血管结构,其信号背景比约为NIR-I成像的2倍,如图8中(b)和(c)所示。
表1
实施例9
ICG-IR1061-LP和ICG-IR1061-CLP的生物相容性评估
用MTT试验评估。选择人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231作为细胞模型,将处于生长期的MDA-MB-231配成单细胞悬液后以一定密度接种至96孔板(100μL),在DMEM培养基中于37℃,5%CO 2下培养24h,观察细胞贴壁并生长至适宜密度。随后分别用ICG-IR1061-LP,ICG-IR1061-CLP(用DMEM配制,6.25、12.5,25,50μg IR1061/mL,100μL)处理细胞,细胞复孔数5,温育24h后向各孔中加入MTT溶液(5mg/mL,20μL)继续放在37℃、5%CO2环境下培养4h,离心后小心吸去孔内培养上清液,并加入100μL DMSO,置于摇床上轻轻振荡,直至甲臜充分溶解。通过使用酶标仪测量570nm处的吸光度,根据公式计算细胞活力。另外设置调零组测试光吸收度空白底值进行调零(实验中,仅添加等体积培养液,不添加细胞及药物其他操纵同上),平行设置对照组(细胞复孔数10)加MDA-MB-231细胞,并在加入实验组添加载阿霉素药物进行孵育时,添加等体积DMEM培养基。细胞活力计算公式如下:
其中ODA为实验组吸光度ODA0为调零孔吸光度,ODC为对照组吸光度。得到细胞存活率数据如表2所示,两种脂质体均具有较高的生物相容性,并在图9中显示。
表2
浓度(μg/ml) | ICG-IR1061-LP(%) | ICG-IR1061-CLP(%) |
0 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
6.25 | 99.36 | 97.30 |
12.5 | 98.52 | 93.38 |
25 | 92.36 | 87.04 |
50 | 92.19 | 83.88 |
。
Claims (9)
1.一种NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,脂质体膜层中含有NIR-II荧光探针IR1061,脂质体水核内包载有吲哚菁绿,所述脂质体膜层的组成成分还包括十八胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的 NIR-II 荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,脂质体的粒径为 160~180nm,多分散系数为0.16~0.19,Zeta电位为±9~22 mV。
3.根据权利要求1所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,所述脂质体膜层的组成成分包括磷脂、表面活性剂、胆固醇和 NIR-II 荧光探针 IR1061。
4.根据权利要求3所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,所述磷脂为卵磷脂,所述表面活性剂为吐温。
5.根据权利要求3所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,所述磷脂、胆固醇和表面活性剂的质量比为120:12~40:20~40。
6.根据权利要求3所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,所述吲哚菁绿与磷脂的质量比为 1:80~1:180,所述NIR-II荧光探针IR1061与磷脂的质量比为 1:90~1:120。
7.根据权利要求3所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体,其特征在于,所述十八胺与磷脂的质量比为1:30~1:10。
8.根据权利要求 1 所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:将脂质体膜层的组成成分分散于有机溶剂中,旋转蒸发成膜,除去残留有机溶剂,加入吲哚菁绿水溶液进行水化。
9.根据权利要求 1~7 任一项所述的NIR-II荧光增强脂质体在制备荧光成像试剂中的用途。
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