CN110579403B - Rubber material multi-axis tensile test method under same Marins effect - Google Patents
Rubber material multi-axis tensile test method under same Marins effect Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-axis tensile test method of a rubber material under the same Marins effect, which relates to the technical field of mechanical property experiments of rubber materials and comprises the following steps: the method can correspondingly control the stretching length of the experiment, the damage state of the material can not be continuously changed in the test, the measured experimental data of the experimental measurement corresponds to the same material state, great errors can not be generated, and the great problem in scientific research and engineering application can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rubber material mechanical property experiments, in particular to a multi-axis tensile test method for a rubber material under the same Marins effect.
Background
The Marins effect refers to the phenomenon that the rigidity in the subsequent loading of the material is smaller than the initial loading rigidity, and is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification. The Marins effect causes internal damage to the material, and changes the damage state of the material, so that the rigidity of a subsequent loading curve is smaller than the initial loading rigidity. However, this effect has a certain limitation, and the damage state does not change when the subsequent loading does not exceed a certain threshold; when the loading exceeds the threshold, the material has the same characteristics as the initial loading, as shown in figure 2 of the specification, but the stiffness becomes smaller when the loading is repeated. This threshold is commonly referred to as the Marins Effect criterion. The Marins effect currently has no recognized, reliable standard. The mechanical properties of rubber materials are generally obtained by performing various types of material mechanical property tests, and uniaxial stretching, plane stretching and equal biaxial stretching or more comprehensive biaxial stretching with different biaxial ratios are commonly used. Since these different types of experiments are temporally successive in the test, under the influence of the marlin effect, the previous loading is likely to destroy the state of the material, so that the mechanical properties measured in the subsequent loading and the mechanical properties measured in the previous loading do not correspond to the same state of the mechanical properties of the material [ Diani J, Tallec pl.a full equivalent branched microspherder model with damage for rubber like materials J. mech. physics. solids,2019,124: 702-. Therefore, to accurately obtain the material characteristics under various deformation conditions in a certain damage condition, the influence of the Marins effect must be controlled. In the existing material tests, different types of material tests are performed in sequence, and the tensile length of the tests is not correspondingly controlled, so that the damage state of the material can be continuously changed in the test, and therefore, the measurement test data measured by the tests do not correspond to the same material state, great errors are generated, and great problems are caused in scientific research and engineering application. At present, no test scheme aiming at the mechanical properties of materials in the same damage state and different deformation states exists.
The patent proposes a new method for testing mechanical properties of materials in the same damage state, and the method is based on two conclusions in the research of a document [ Machado G, Chagnon G, Favier D.induced and abnormal by the said Mullins effect in a filled silicone rubber. Mech.Mater.,2012,50:70-80 ]: uniaxial stretching does not cause damage to the sides, and when the stretching exceeds the threshold of the previous loading, the mechanical properties of the material return to the initial state, as shown in fig. 2, and after the second loading exceeds the return point (maximum of the first loading), the loading curves will coincide with the initial loading curves.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multiaxial tensile test method for rubber materials under the same Marins effect, which is used for measuring the comprehensive mechanical properties of the materials under a certain damage state, so that the influences of the Marins effect under various test states are the same.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the multi-axis tensile test method of the rubber material under the same Marins effect comprises the following steps:
1) tensile testing of the initial state of the material: selecting a group of sample pieces, cutting into biaxial tensile samples, performing generalized plane stretching (uniaxial stretching along a certain direction to a certain elongation, then fixing the direction, and stretching in another vertical direction to a certain elongation) with different side fixed elongations on the experimental sample pieces by using a biaxial tensile testing machine, specifically performing lateral fixed elongation lambda on the different sample pieces respectivelyx＝n×Δ,n＝0,1,…,(λx-maxGeneralized planar stretching of/Δ) -1, wherein λx-maxThe method comprises the steps of representing the maximum elongation to be stretched along the x direction, stretching different samples made of the same batch of sample sheets by a generalized plane with different fixed elongations, stretching and fixing the samples 1, 2 and 1 in the x direction respectively, stretching along the y axis to the maximum elongation corresponding to a certain maximum tensile stress, and then circulating for 5 times to measure an initial loading curve of the material;
2) and (3) multi-axis cyclic loading mechanical property testing: selecting a new biaxial stretching sample piece, carrying out uniaxial stretching without side constraint to a certain length, unloading, recycling once, then stretching the side surface to a fixed length, and then stretching along the uniaxial stretching direction until a loading curve is superposed with an initial stretching curve of the loading mode; unloading, stretching along the side surface until a new length is fixed, stretching along the uniaxial stretching direction until the initial loading curve of the loading mode, performing a new cycle after all the side surface fixed loading is finished, increasing the stretching length in the side surface direction after 5 times of cycle, and repeating the steps until all the loading is finished; the specific operation is as shown in figure 4 of the specification, firstly stretching delta along the y direction in a uniaxial way, then unloading the material back to the initial point, and circulating once. Uniaxially stretching Δ again in the x-direction to point 2, then fixing the x-direction elongation, stretching in the y-direction to point 3 (the first coincident point of the present load curve with the initial load curve), then unloading back 2 along the load path, then loading to point 4, then fixing the x-direction elongation, loading to point 5, then unloading again along the original path, loading in this manner until the maximum elongation n Δ loaded in the x-direction (or until the x-load curve deviates from the initial load curve), then returning to point 0 to complete one cycle, then loading 2 Δ in the y-direction for another cycle until the cycle of loading to maximum elongation in the y-direction is complete. The loading was repeated 5 times per cycle. After completion, a sample is replaced, and a new round of test is carried out by using the elongation 2 delta according to the same method until the elongation is n delta.
3) The initial point can be translated to the original point by subsequently loading the stretching curves with different side fixed elongations, the curve with the same loading times is selected as multi-axis stretching data under the same Marins effect to perform parameter fitting to determine a proper material model and parameters so as to perform finite element numerical simulation of material mechanical characteristics or theoretical calculation of material rigidity, and the coincident positions of the stretching curves under the same cycle times of a sample piece and the fixed elongations of all sides and the initial loading curve of the loading mode can be used for analysis and verification of the Marins standard of the material.
Further, in step 2), the side surface is fixed with a small elongation rate for stretching, the loading in the method is stopped after the stretching curve is overlapped with the initial loading curve, then the fixed side surface elongation rate is gradually increased for stretching, and the overlapping point is a stop sign of one-time loading.
Further, in the step 2), during stretching, the stretching is firstly performed to a certain length on the side surface, the fixing is performed, then the stretching is performed along the vertical direction, and after all the stretching with fixed elongation on different side surfaces is completed, the next cycle can be performed.
Further, when determining the coincidence point of the current loading curve and the initial loading curve, in testing the initial loading curve in step 1) and the subsequent loading curve in step 2), the unloaded length is measured and the length difference Δ between the unloaded length and the initial length is calculatedresidualIn the next loading, the loading curve is shifted to the left by 2 Δ along the displacementresidualDetermining the coincidence point of the curve after the movement and the initial loading curve to eliminate the residual in the subsequent loading deformationThe influence of residual deformation.
Further, when determining the coincidence point of the current loading curve and the initial loading curve, the coincidence point may be determined in advance according to the following method, before starting the test in step 1) and step 2), an experiment is required to be performed to determine the strain of the subsequent loading returning to the initial loading in advance, and the specific experimental method is as follows: taking a sample, in the figure 4 of the specification, stretching the delta uniaxially along the y direction, then unloading the sample back to the original point 0, then stretching the delta uniaxially along the x direction to 2 points, then fixing the x-direction elongation, stretching the sample to the maximum value n delta along the y-axis direction, then unloading the sample to 2 points, and then stretching the sample uniaxially along the x-axis to the maximum value n delta, namely loading the sample along the x-axis of the sample, namely 0-delta-0-2-n delta (y-axis) -2-n delta (x-axis); then changing a spline, and loading according to 0-delta-0-4-n delta (y axis) -4-n delta (x axis) in the figure; the same procedure is followed until the final load is 0- Δ -0-n Δ (x-axis) -n Δ (y-axis) -n Δ (x-axis). Control primary loading curve. The stress and strain at the first coincident point of the subsequent loading curve and the initial loading curve, i.e., the recovery point, can be obtained.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a multiaxial tensile test method for rubber materials under the same Marins effect, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can correspondingly control the stretching length of the experiment, and cannot cause the damage state of the material to be continuously changed in the test;
2. the measured experimental data of the experimental measurement correspond to the same material state, so that the elastic characteristic of the material can be more accurately reflected, and the mechanical property of the material can be more accurately predicted and calculated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of cycle processing of natural rubber;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cyclic loading curve of natural rubber;
FIG. 3 is a stretching scheme of the material in an initial stretched state;
FIG. 4 a multi-axis cyclic loading scheme;
figure 5 example 1 material protocol flow chart.
In FIG. 2, the X-axis is elongation, the Y-axis is nominal stress, 1-initial loading curve, 2-post-translational loading curve, 3-post-loading curve, 4-coincidence point; in FIG. 4, 6-the location of the point of coincidence with the initial loading curve;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the multiaxial tensile test method for the rubber material under the same Marins effect can be used for measuring the mechanical property of the rubber material in a certain damage state in engineering, and the flow of a specific experimental scheme is shown in the attached figure 5 of the specification. Assuming that the lateral (x-direction) constraint is four fixed elongations, 0, Δ,2 Δ, 3 Δ, respectively, the y-direction is 4 elongations, also Δ,2 Δ, 3 Δ. That required 4 biaxial tensile test specimens to be made. Each test piece was first subjected to y-stretch with x-unconstrained and three fixed constraints of Δ,2 Δ, and 3 Δ, the y-stretch being Δ in length, thus measuring the material stretch curves in four cases. And then selecting a new sample 5 to perform x-direction unconstrained y-direction two-time cyclic stretching and y-direction single stretching of three x-direction fixed elongations of delta, 2 delta and 3 delta, if the loading curve returns to the initial loading curve as shown in figure 2, stopping the loading, replacing a new x-direction fixed elongation, and performing new stretching until the loading curve and the initial loading curve are overlapped. This completes the lateral fixed elongation stretch in 4. The above experiments were repeated with the y-direction stretch length changed to 2 Δ until all of the above experiments were completed with the y-direction stretch length of 3 Δ. Therefore, the loading curves under 3-4 working conditions and 12 working conditions can be measured, after the initial points of the data are moved to the original points, the loading curves can be used for fitting a material model and determining the parameters of the material model so as to perform finite element numerical simulation of the mechanical properties of the material or theoretical calculation of the rigidity of the material, and can also be used for researching Marins effect labeling and evaluating the damage state of the material.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The multiaxial tensile test method for the rubber material under the same Marins effect is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) tensile testing of the initial state of the material: selecting a group of sample wafers, cutting a biaxial tensile sample, and performing generalized plane stretching with different side fixed elongation rates on an experimental sample by using a biaxial tensile testing machine, specifically performing lateral fixed elongation rate lambda on different sample wafersx＝n×Δ,n＝0,1,…,(λx-maxGeneralized planar stretching of/Δ) -1, wherein λx-maxThe method comprises the steps of representing the maximum elongation to be stretched along the x direction, wherein delta is a set elongation increment, different samples made of the same batch of sample sheets are stretched and fixed according to the x direction respectively by generalized plane stretching with different fixed elongations, and then stretched to the maximum elongation along the y axis direction, corresponding to a certain maximum tensile stress, and then the cycle is carried out for 5 times to measure the initial loading curve of the material;
2) and (3) multi-axis cyclic loading mechanical property testing: selecting a new biaxial stretching sample piece, firstly carrying out uniaxial stretching without side constraint to a certain length, unloading, recycling once, then stretching the side surface to a fixed length, then stretching along the uniaxial stretching direction until a loading curve is superposed with an initial stretching curve of the loading mode, then unloading, stretching along the side surface to a new fixed length, then stretching along the uniaxial stretching direction until an initial loading curve of the loading mode, carrying out a new cycle after all side surface fixed loading is finished, increasing the stretching length in the side surface direction after 5 times of circulation, repeating the steps until all loading is finished, and measuring a subsequent loading curve;
3) the initial point can be translated to the original point by subsequently loading the stretching curves with different side fixed elongations, the curve with the same loading times is selected as multi-axis stretching data under the same Marins effect to perform parameter fitting to determine a proper material model and parameters so as to perform finite element numerical simulation of material mechanical characteristics or theoretical calculation of material rigidity, and the coincident positions of the stretching curves under the same cycle times of a sample piece and the fixed elongations of all sides and the initial loading curve of the loading mode can be used for analysis and verification of the Marins standard of the material.
2. The multiaxial tensile test method for rubber materials under the same Marins effect as in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the stretching is performed with a fixed small elongation at the side surface, the loading in this manner is stopped after the stretching curve is overlapped with the initial loading curve, then the fixed side surface elongation is gradually increased, the stretching is performed, and the overlapping point is a stop sign of one-time loading.
3. The method for multiaxial tensile testing of rubber materials under the same Marins effect as in claim 1 wherein in step 2), during the stretching, the rubber materials are stretched to a certain length on the side, fixed and then stretched in the vertical direction, and after all the stretching with fixed elongation on different sides is completed, the next cycle is performed.
4. The same horse as claimed in claim 1The method for the multiaxial tensile test of the rubber material under the forest effect is characterized in that when the coincident point of the current loading curve and the initial loading curve is determined, the unloaded length is measured and the length difference delta between the unloaded length and the initial length is calculated in the initial loading curve in the test step 1) and the subsequent loading curve in the step 2)residualIn the next loading, the loading curve is shifted to the left by 2 Δ along the displacementresidualAnd determining a coincidence point of the curve after the movement and the initial loading curve so as to eliminate the influence of residual deformation in subsequent loading deformation.
5. The method for multiaxial tensile testing of rubber materials under the same Marins effect as in claim 1 wherein prior to the start of the tests in steps 1) and 2), it is necessary to perform experiments to determine the strain at which the subsequent loading returns to the initial loading.
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