CN110578769B - A self-protection system and self-protection method of a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment - Google Patents
A self-protection system and self-protection method of a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
- F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/28—Counterweights, i.e. additional weights counterbalancing inertia forces induced by the reciprocating movement of masses in the system, e.g. of pistons attached to an engine crankshaft; Attaching or mounting same
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/442—Spar-type semi-submersible structures, i.e. shaped as single slender, e.g. substantially cylindrical or trussed vertical bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于波浪能发电装置领域，特别涉及该领域中的一种在极端海洋环境中波能发电装置的自保系统及自保方法。The invention belongs to the field of wave energy generating devices, and in particular relates to a self-protection system and a self-protecting method of a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment in the field.
背景技术Background technique
在遇到极端恶劣海况时，近岸式振荡浮子波能发电装置的浮子与工作平台将受到巨大的风浪冲击，既可能使浮子结构遭到破坏，又可能使工作平台因振幅过大发生失稳和倾覆，这都将严重影响波能发电装置的寿命和工作性能。因此有必要使波能发电装置在面对极端恶劣海况时能及时判断自身的振动情况，并自动有效地做出自保措施，但是现有的波能发电装置大多没有自保功能，在极端恶劣海况发生时，波能发电装置工作平台上的一些电力设备以及浮子本身，往往会因得不到及时的保护而被摧毁。In the case of extremely bad sea conditions, the float and working platform of the near-shore oscillating float wave power generation device will be impacted by huge wind and waves, which may damage the float structure and cause instability of the working platform due to excessive amplitude and overturning, which will seriously affect the life and working performance of the wave energy generating device. Therefore, it is necessary for the wave energy generating device to judge its own vibration in time when facing extremely severe sea conditions, and automatically and effectively take self-protection measures. However, most of the existing wave energy generating devices do not have self-protection functions. When sea conditions occur, some electrical equipment on the working platform of the wave energy generating device and the buoy itself are often destroyed due to lack of timely protection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题就是提供一种在极端海洋环境中波能发电装置的自保系统及自保方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a self-protection system and a self-protection method of a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种在极端海洋环境中波能发电装置的自保系统，其改进之处在于：所述的自保系统包括两根底部深埋于海底、顶部露出海面的圆柱刚体导向柱，在导向柱的顶端安装工作平台升降装置，在工作平台升降装置的顶端安装工作平台，在工作平台的内部安装控制器、单片机、电磁继电器和蓄电池，在工作平台的顶部安装吸振块升降装置，在吸振块升降装置的顶部安装吸振块，此外还有一个圆柱型浮子穿在两根导向柱上，该圆柱型浮子漂浮在海面上并可沿着两根导向柱上下滑动，在圆柱形浮子的顶部正对电磁继电器的位置安装铁块，在圆柱形浮子内安装发电系统和振动传感器，单片机分别与振动传感器、控制器和电磁继电器电连接，单片机根据从振动传感器得到的振动参数通过控制器控制工作平台升降装置和吸振块升降装置的升降，发电系统的电力输出端与蓄电池电连接，由蓄电池为自保系统中的各部件供电。A self-protection system for a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment, the improvement is that: the self-protection system includes two cylindrical rigid body guide posts whose bottoms are buried deep in the seabed and whose tops are exposed to the sea surface. Install the working platform lifting device on the top, install the working platform on the top of the working platform lifting device, install the controller, single-chip microcomputer, electromagnetic relay and battery inside the working platform, install the vibration-absorbing block lifting device on the top of the working platform, and install the vibration-absorbing block lifting device on the top of the working platform. The vibration-absorbing block is installed on the top, and there is also a cylindrical float on the two guide posts. The cylindrical float floats on the sea surface and can slide up and down along the two guide posts. The top of the cylindrical float is facing the electromagnetic relay. The iron block is installed at the position, and the power generation system and the vibration sensor are installed in the cylindrical float. The single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the vibration sensor, the controller and the electromagnetic relay respectively. The single-chip microcomputer controls the working platform lifting device and the The lifting of the vibration-absorbing block lifting device, the power output terminal of the power generation system is electrically connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery supplies power to each component in the self-protection system.
进一步的，工作平台通过焊接方式固定安装在工作平台升降装置的顶端。Further, the working platform is fixedly installed on the top of the working platform lifting device through welding.
进一步的，工作平台升降装置的底部镶嵌固定在导向柱的顶部；吸振块升降装置镶嵌焊接安装在工作平台内部。Further, the bottom of the working platform lifting device is inlaid and fixed on the top of the guide column; the vibration-absorbing block lifting device is inlaid and welded and installed inside the working platform.
进一步的，吸振块为大密度、小体积的质量块。Further, the vibration-absorbing block is a high-density, small-volume mass block.
进一步的，在工作平台底部正对电磁继电器的位置设置圆形凹槽，铁块则为圆形铁块。Further, a circular groove is provided at the position facing the electromagnetic relay at the bottom of the working platform, and the iron block is a circular iron block.
进一步的，工作平台升降装置和吸振块升降装置均为伸缩式拉压杆。Further, the lifting device of the working platform and the lifting device of the vibration-absorbing block are both telescopic tension and compression rods.
一种在极端海洋环境中波能发电装置的自保方法，使用上述的自保系统，其改进之处在于，包括如下步骤：A self-protection method for a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment, using the above-mentioned self-protection system, the improvement is that it includes the following steps:
(1)振动传感器实时感应圆柱型浮子的振动位移幅值并传输给单片机，单片机对感应数据进行实时、全面、多功能的智能处理；(1) The vibration sensor senses the vibration displacement amplitude of the cylindrical float in real time and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer performs real-time, comprehensive and multi-functional intelligent processing on the sensing data;
(21)在正常海况下，振动位移幅值在预设的安全范围内，圆柱型浮子随波浪做上下垂荡运动，带动其内部的发电系统发电，发电系统发出的电可输出至蓄电池储存；(21) Under normal sea conditions, the vibration displacement amplitude is within the preset safety range, and the cylindrical float moves up and down with the waves to drive its internal power generation system to generate electricity, and the electricity generated by the power generation system can be output to the battery for storage;
(22)在极端海况下，振动位移幅值超过预设的安全过渡范围，单片机通过控制器控制吸振块升降装置带动吸振块上升，上升高度由单片机根据振动位移幅值实时调整，单片机还接通电磁继电器并通过控制器控制工作平台升降装置下降，下降至可通过电磁继电器的磁力吸引铁块把圆柱型浮子吸到工作平台底部为止，此时圆柱型浮子和工作平台成为一个整体，由吸振块将这一整体的位移幅值调整在安全过渡范围内；(22) In extreme sea conditions, if the vibration displacement amplitude exceeds the preset safe transition range, the single-chip microcomputer controls the vibration-absorbing block lifting device through the controller to drive the vibration-absorbing block to rise, and the rising height is adjusted in real time by the single-chip microcomputer according to the vibration displacement amplitude. The single-chip microcomputer is still connected The electromagnetic relay controls the lowering of the working platform lifting device through the controller until the cylindrical float is sucked to the bottom of the working platform by the magnetic force of the electromagnetic relay to attract the iron block. Adjust the overall displacement amplitude within the safe transition range;
(221)在海面恢复正常海况时，振动位移幅值重新降到预设的安全范围时，单片机通过控制器控制吸振块升降装置带动吸振块下降至初始位置，单片机还断开电磁继电器并通过控制器控制工作平台升降装置上升至初始位置，断开电磁继电器后磁力消失，圆柱型浮子重新落回海面，继续随波浪垂荡发电。(221) When the sea surface returns to normal sea conditions and the vibration displacement amplitude drops to the preset safe range again, the single-chip microcomputer controls the vibration-absorbing block lifting device through the controller to drive the vibration-absorbing block down to the initial position, and the single-chip microcomputer also disconnects the electromagnetic relay and passes the control The controller controls the lifting device of the working platform to rise to the initial position. After the electromagnetic relay is disconnected, the magnetic force disappears, and the cylindrical float falls back to the sea surface and continues to heave with the waves to generate electricity.
进一步的，步骤(1)中振动传感器实时感应圆柱型浮子的振动位移幅值，单片机根据振动位移的一般运动方程X＝Xmsin2πft来确定振动位移X，Xm代表振动位移幅值、f代表振动频率。Further, in the step (1), the vibration sensor senses the vibration displacement amplitude of the cylindrical float in real time, and the single-chip microcomputer determines the vibration displacement X according to the general motion equation X=X m sin 2 πft of the vibration displacement, X m represents the vibration displacement amplitude, and f represents vibration frequency.
进一步的，圆柱型浮子的振动位移幅值安全范围可以设为0-0.3m、安全过渡范围可以设为0.3-0.5m，不同的波能发电装置在实际海况条件下可以依据具体环境设置参数范围。Further, the safe range of the vibration displacement amplitude of the cylindrical float can be set to 0-0.3m, and the safe transition range can be set to 0.3-0.5m. Different wave energy generating devices can set the parameter range according to the specific environment under actual sea conditions. .
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明所公开的自保系统及自保方法，利用动力吸振器原理，将极端海况时浮子和工作平台的剧烈振动过渡到与工作平台固定连接的吸振块上，致使吸振块对工作平台和浮子的作用力正好平衡了工作平台与浮子所直接受到的波浪力，也就是利用吸振块吸收浮子和工作平台的振动能量，来达到降低浮子和工作平台剧烈振动的目的，避免工作平台在恶劣海况下倾覆，同时利用磁力把圆柱型浮子吸到工作平台底部，降低了圆柱型浮子的剧烈振动，并保护其自身结构免受破坏。从而在极端海况下对波能发电装置做出及时、有效的保护。The self-protection system and self-protection method disclosed in the present invention utilize the principle of a dynamic vibration absorber to transition the severe vibration of the float and the working platform to the vibration-absorbing block fixedly connected to the working platform in extreme sea conditions, so that the vibration-absorbing block has an impact on the working platform and the float. The active force just balances the wave force directly received by the working platform and the float, that is, the vibration absorbing block is used to absorb the vibration energy of the float and the working platform, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the severe vibration of the float and the working platform, and avoid the working platform under severe sea conditions. Overturning, while using magnetic force to attract the cylindrical float to the bottom of the working platform, reducing the violent vibration of the cylindrical float and protecting its own structure from damage. In this way, timely and effective protection can be made to the wave energy generating device under extreme sea conditions.
本发明所公开的自保系统及自保方法，针对极端海况下波能发电装置将遭受风浪极大冲击并引发剧烈振动的情况，充分利用动力吸振器原理，通过升降装置带动吸振块上升来充当上层结构，而工作平台则与圆柱型浮子一体作为下层结构，在相连的上层结构振动时可以消除下层结构的振动，以此降低工作平台所遭受的冲击，并减小整个波能发电装置的振动，同时还能避免浮子结构被破坏。可以实时、有效地对波能发电装置做出保护，最大限度的消减工作平台在极端海况时的振动，有力的保障了浮子自身的安全；能实现对振动参数的自动监测和吸振块上升高度的自动调整，保护效率高，能适应于不同的极端海况。The self-protection system and self-protection method disclosed in the present invention aim at the situation that the wave energy generating device will be greatly impacted by wind and waves and cause severe vibration under extreme sea conditions. The upper structure, while the working platform is integrated with the cylindrical float as the lower structure, which can eliminate the vibration of the lower structure when the connected upper structure vibrates, thereby reducing the impact on the working platform and reducing the vibration of the entire wave energy power generation device , while avoiding damage to the float structure. It can effectively protect the wave power generation device in real time, reduce the vibration of the working platform in extreme sea conditions to the greatest extent, and effectively guarantee the safety of the float itself; it can realize automatic monitoring of vibration parameters and control of the rising height of the vibration-absorbing block Automatic adjustment, high protection efficiency, can adapt to different extreme sea conditions.
本发明所公开的自保系统结构简单、制作方便、占用空间小且成本低，可有效避免工作平台在极端海况下发生倾覆。The self-protection system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, small space occupation and low cost, and can effectively prevent the working platform from overturning under extreme sea conditions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所利用之动力吸振器原理的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the dynamic vibration absorber utilized in the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例1所公开自保系统在正常海况下的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the self-protection system disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention under normal sea conditions;
图3是本发明实施例1所公开自保系统在极端海况下的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the self-protection system disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention under extreme sea conditions;
图4是未采取自保措施的数值模型图；Fig. 4 is a numerical model diagram without taking self-protection measures;
图5是采取了自保措施的数值模型图。Figure 5 is a numerical model diagram with self-protection measures taken.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，以双自由度钢架体系在简谐荷载下的强迫振动为例，上下层结构的位移幅值分别为：As shown in Figure 1, taking the forced vibration of a two-degree-of-freedom steel frame system under simple harmonic load as an example, the displacement amplitudes of the upper and lower structures are:
D0＝(k11-θ2m1)(k22-θ2m2)-k12k21 (3)D 0 =(k 11 -θ 2 m 1 )(k 22 -θ 2 m 2 )-k 12 k 21 (3)
Fp(t)＝Fpsinθt (4)F p(t) = F p sinθt (4)
其中k11＝k1+k2，k12＝k21＝-k2，k22＝k2，k1和k2分别为下杆和上杆的刚度系数；Y2和Y1为系统上下层结构的位移幅值；m1为主系统质量，m2为附加系统质量；Fp1和Fp2分别作用在下层结构和上层结构的简谐荷载，θ为荷载频率，其中荷载幅值Fp1＝Fp，Fp2＝0。Where k 11 =k 1 +k 2 , k 12 =k 21 =-k 2 , k 22 =k 2 , k 1 and k 2 are the stiffness coefficients of the lower rod and upper rod respectively; Y 2 and Y 1 are the system up and down displacement amplitude of the layer structure; m 1 is the mass of the main system, m 2 is the mass of the additional system; F p1 and F p2 act on the simple harmonic loads of the lower structure and the upper structure respectively, θ is the load frequency, and the load amplitude F p1 =F p , F p2 =0.
当没有上层结构吸振时，下层结构的位移为：When there is no vibration absorption by the upper structure, the displacement of the lower structure is:
其中ω为结构的自振频率，当满足k2＝θ2m2这个条件时where ω is the natural frequency of the structure, When the condition of k 2 = θ 2 m 2 is met
Y1＝0 (6)Y 1 =0 (6)
即下层结构的位移幅值为0。该自保系统中吸振块的质量m2为：That is, the displacement amplitude of the underlying structure is 0. The mass m2 of the vibration-absorbing block in the self-preservation system is:
且由于大密度、小体积导致其上升后所受风荷载也较小，即荷载幅值Fp2接近于0；Fp1为浮子所受的波浪荷载，由于浮子的体积较大，因此极端海况时所受到的波浪力巨大，这会导致浮子内部剧烈振动；因此当整个系统较易满足k2＝θ2m2这个条件时，可以有效降低下层结构的位移幅值，即最大程度的减小了浮子和工作平台的剧烈振动。And due to the large density and small volume, the wind load it receives after rising is also small, that is, the load amplitude F p2 is close to 0; F p1 is the wave load on the float. The wave force received is huge, which will cause severe vibration inside the float; therefore, when the whole system can easily satisfy the condition of k 2 = θ 2 m 2 , the displacement amplitude of the underlying structure can be effectively reduced, that is, the maximum Severe vibration of the float and working platform.
实施例1，如图1所示，本实施例公开了一种在极端海洋环境中波能发电装置的自保系统，所述的自保系统包括两根底部深埋于海底、顶部露出海面的圆柱刚体导向柱8，在导向柱的顶端安装工作平台升降装置4，在工作平台升降装置的顶端安装工作平台2，在工作平台的内部安装控制器3、单片机、电磁继电器10和蓄电池11，在工作平台的顶部安装吸振块升降装置9，在吸振块升降装置的顶部安装吸振块1，此外还有一个圆柱型浮子6穿在两根导向柱上，该圆柱型浮子漂浮在海面上并可沿着两根导向柱上下滑动，在圆柱形浮子的顶部正对电磁继电器的位置安装铁块5，在圆柱形浮子内安装发电系统7和振动传感器12，单片机分别与振动传感器、控制器和电磁继电器电连接，单片机根据从振动传感器得到的振动参数通过控制器控制工作平台升降装置和吸振块升降装置的升降，发电系统的电力输出端与蓄电池电连接，由蓄电池为自保系统中的各部件供电。Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, this embodiment discloses a self-protection system of a wave energy power generation device in an extreme marine environment. Cylindrical rigid body guide column 8, work platform elevating device 4 is installed on the top of guide column, work platform 2 is installed on the top of work platform elevating device, controller 3, single-chip microcomputer, electromagnetic relay 10 and storage battery 11 are installed in the inside of work platform, The top of the working platform is equipped with a vibration-absorbing block lifting device 9, and a vibration-absorbing block 1 is installed on the top of the vibration-absorbing block lifting device. In addition, a cylindrical float 6 is passed on two guide posts. Sliding up and down with the two guide columns, install the iron block 5 at the position facing the electromagnetic relay on the top of the cylindrical float, install the power generation system 7 and the vibration sensor 12 in the cylindrical float, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the vibration sensor, the controller and the electromagnetic relay respectively. Electrically connected, the single-chip microcomputer controls the lifting device of the working platform and the lifting device of the vibration-absorbing block through the controller according to the vibration parameters obtained from the vibration sensor. The power output terminal of the power generation system is electrically connected with the battery, and the battery supplies power to the components in the self-protection system. .
在本实施例中，工作平台通过焊接方式固定安装在工作平台升降装置的顶端。工作平台升降装置的底部镶嵌固定在导向柱的顶部；吸振块升降装置镶嵌焊接安装在工作平台内部。吸振块为大密度、小体积的质量块。在工作平台底部正对电磁继电器的位置设置圆形凹槽，铁块则为圆形铁块，圆形铁块被磁力吸至圆形凹槽后，可增加圆柱形浮子与工作平台的接触面积，使两者更好的成为一体。工作平台升降装置和吸振块升降装置均是由高强度材料制成的伸缩式拉压杆。In this embodiment, the working platform is fixedly installed on the top of the working platform lifting device by means of welding. The bottom of the working platform lifting device is inlaid and fixed on the top of the guide column; the vibration-absorbing block lifting device is inlaid and welded and installed inside the working platform. The vibration-absorbing block is a high-density, small-volume mass block. A circular groove is set at the bottom of the working platform facing the electromagnetic relay, and the iron block is a circular iron block. After the circular iron block is magnetically attracted to the circular groove, the contact area between the cylindrical float and the working platform can be increased. , making the two better integrated. The lifting device of the working platform and the lifting device of the vibration-absorbing block are both telescopic tension and compression rods made of high-strength materials.
此自保系统的工作原理是依靠动力吸振器原理，即双自由度体系在荷载作用下强迫振动时，通过相连的上层结构振动可以消除下层结构的振动。因此，在极端海况发生时，吸振块通过吸振块升降装置向上升起充当上层结构，与圆柱形浮子和工作平台这一整体组成双自由度体系，当满足k2＝θ2m2时，Y1＝0，此时圆柱形浮子和工作平台的振动位移幅值为0。工作平台受到的风荷载较小，可以忽略，而圆柱形浮子由于体积较大，极端海况时所受到的波浪力巨大，因此对极端海况下装置的状态进行数值模拟以说明本实施例所公开自保系统的使用情况。The working principle of this self-protection system relies on the principle of dynamic vibration absorber, that is, when the dual-degree-of-freedom system is forced to vibrate under load, the vibration of the lower structure can be eliminated through the vibration of the connected upper structure. Therefore, when extreme sea conditions occur, the vibration-absorbing block is lifted up by the vibration-absorbing block lifting device to act as the superstructure, forming a two-degree-of-freedom system with the cylindrical float and the working platform as a whole. When k 2 = θ 2 m 2 is satisfied, Y 1 = 0, at this time the vibration displacement amplitude of the cylindrical float and the working platform is 0. The wind load on the working platform is relatively small and can be ignored, while the cylindrical float is subjected to a huge wave force in extreme sea conditions due to its large volume. protection system usage.
装置情况：导向柱长为10m，直径D1＝0.15m，弹性模量E1＝2.06×1011Pa(N/m2)；圆柱形浮子参数：直径D＝3.6m，高h＝2.4m，与工作平台质量合计5t；吸振块升降装置的弹性模量E2＝2.678×1011Pa(N/m2)，直径为0.04m；设极端海况的波浪参数：波高H＝3m、周期T＝8s、波长71m、波数0.088、水深d＝10m。圆柱形浮子的水平波浪力可由莫里森方程求得Device conditions: the length of the guide column is 10m, the diameter D 1 =0.15m, the elastic modulus E 1 =2.06×10 11 Pa(N/m 2 ); the parameters of the cylindrical float: diameter D=3.6m, height h=2.4m , and the total mass of the working platform is 5t; the elastic modulus E 2 of the vibration-absorbing block lifting device is 2.678×10 11 Pa(N/m 2 ), and the diameter is 0.04m; set the wave parameters of extreme sea conditions: wave height H=3m, period T =8s, wavelength 71m, wave number 0.088, water depth d=10m. The horizontal wave force of a cylindrical float can be obtained by the Morrison equation
已知系数：CD＝1.2，CM＝2，代入数据，由公式(9)可得Fp1＝fH＝78.412kN；吸振块的允许位移设为Y2＝1m，由公式(7)可知k2＝78.412kN/m，荷载频率因此由公式(8)可知，m2＝127.12kg，吸振块长2m，宽0.2m，高0.05m，其密度为6356kg/m3，为高密度材料制成，且其体积较小，当极端海况下升起时所受风荷载较浮子所受波浪力小很多，即荷载幅值Fp2接近0；由公式(5)可知，极端海况下未采取保护措施时下层结构的位移Y1＝0.64m；同时根据k2计算出吸振块的伸高距离为2.17m，满足设计要求。因此用127.12kg的吸振块可以将7.8吨力的冲击所消除，可以极大的保护圆柱形浮子及其内部结构的稳定。Known coefficients: CD = 1.2, C M = 2, substituting the data , F p1 = f H = 78.412kN can be obtained from the formula (9); It can be known that k 2 =78.412kN/m, the load frequency Therefore, it can be seen from the formula (8) that m 2 =127.12kg, the shock-absorbing block is 2m long, 0.2m wide, and 0.05m high, and its density is 6356kg/m 3 , which is made of high-density materials and its volume is small. Under sea conditions, the wind load on the lift is much smaller than the wave force on the buoy, that is, the load amplitude F p2 is close to 0; it can be seen from formula (5) that the displacement of the substructure Y 1 =0.64 when no protective measures are taken under extreme sea conditions m; at the same time, according to k 2 , the extension distance of the vibration-absorbing block is calculated to be 2.17m, which meets the design requirements. Therefore, the impact of 7.8 tons of force can be eliminated with a 127.12kg shock-absorbing block, which can greatly protect the stability of the cylindrical float and its internal structure.
通过进行数值试验说明本方法的可行性。依据上述参数建立数值模型，极端海况下在未采取自保措施时，数值模型如图4所示，工作平台在波浪的作用下最大位移约为0.64m；采取自保措施后数值模型如图5所示，此时吸振块的振幅为1m，升高距离为2.17米，满足设计要求，此时圆柱形浮子与工作平台在波浪作用下的最大位移约为0.08m，很好地保护了振荡浮子及工作平台上的电机等设备，避免在极端海况下因工作平台的剧烈晃动而导致电机等设备损坏。The feasibility of this method is illustrated by numerical experiments. A numerical model is established based on the above parameters. Under extreme sea conditions, when self-protection measures are not taken, the numerical model is shown in Figure 4, and the maximum displacement of the working platform under the action of waves is about 0.64m; after taking self-protection measures, the numerical model is shown in Figure 5 As shown, at this time, the amplitude of the vibration absorbing block is 1m, and the lifting distance is 2.17m, which meets the design requirements. At this time, the maximum displacement of the cylindrical float and the working platform under the action of waves is about 0.08m, which well protects the oscillating float And the motors and other equipment on the working platform to avoid damage to the motors and other equipment due to the violent shaking of the working platform under extreme sea conditions.
本实施例还公开了一种在极端海洋环境中波能发电装置的自保方法，使用上述的自保系统，包括如下步骤：This embodiment also discloses a self-protection method of a wave energy generating device in an extreme marine environment. Using the above-mentioned self-protection system includes the following steps:
(1)振动传感器实时感应圆柱型浮子的振动位移幅值并传输给单片机，单片机对感应数据进行实时、全面、多功能的智能处理；(1) The vibration sensor senses the vibration displacement amplitude of the cylindrical float in real time and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer performs real-time, comprehensive and multi-functional intelligent processing on the sensing data;
(21)在正常海况下，如图1所示，振动位移幅值在预设的安全范围内，圆柱型浮子随波浪做上下垂荡运动，带动其内部的发电系统发电，发电系统发出的电可输出至蓄电池储存；(21) Under normal sea conditions, as shown in Figure 1, the vibration displacement amplitude is within the preset safety range, and the cylindrical float moves up and down with the waves, driving its internal power generation system to generate electricity, and the power generated by the power generation system Can be output to storage battery;
(22)在极端海况下，如图2所示，振动位移幅值超过预设的安全过渡范围，单片机通过控制器控制吸振块升降装置带动吸振块上升，上升高度由单片机根据振动位移幅值实时调整，单片机还接通电磁继电器并通过控制器控制工作平台升降装置下降，下降至可通过电磁继电器的磁力吸引铁块把圆柱型浮子吸到工作平台底部为止，此时圆柱型浮子和工作平台成为一个整体，由吸振块将这一整体的位移幅值调整在安全过渡范围内；(22) Under extreme sea conditions, as shown in Figure 2, if the vibration displacement amplitude exceeds the preset safe transition range, the single-chip microcomputer controls the vibration-absorbing block lifting device through the controller to drive the vibration-absorbing block to rise, and the rising height is determined by the single-chip microcomputer in real time according to the vibration displacement amplitude. Adjustment, the single-chip microcomputer also connects the electromagnetic relay and controls the lifting device of the working platform to descend through the controller until the magnetic force of the electromagnetic relay attracts the iron block to attract the cylindrical float to the bottom of the working platform. At this time, the cylindrical float and the working platform become As a whole, the vibration-absorbing block adjusts the displacement amplitude of this whole within the safe transition range;
(221)在海面恢复正常海况时，振动位移幅值重新降到预设的安全范围时，单片机通过控制器控制吸振块升降装置带动吸振块下降至初始位置，单片机还断开电磁继电器并通过控制器控制工作平台升降装置上升至初始位置，断开电磁继电器后磁力消失，圆柱型浮子重新落回海面，继续随波浪垂荡发电。(221) When the sea surface returns to normal sea conditions and the vibration displacement amplitude drops to the preset safe range again, the single-chip microcomputer controls the vibration-absorbing block lifting device through the controller to drive the vibration-absorbing block down to the initial position, and the single-chip microcomputer also disconnects the electromagnetic relay and passes the control The controller controls the lifting device of the working platform to rise to the initial position. After the electromagnetic relay is disconnected, the magnetic force disappears, and the cylindrical float falls back to the sea surface and continues to heave with the waves to generate electricity.
两根圆柱刚体导向柱深埋于海底，顶端通过升降装置与工作平台焊接在一起，极端海况时，下降的工作平台和浮子一起组成下层结构。在正常情况下，圆柱形浮子的振动位移幅值是有一定的安全范围，其一般运动方程为X＝Xmsin2πft，因此不同的波能发电装置需根据实际海况设定安全的位移幅值范围。例如当正常海况下振动位移参数设置为：0-0.3m；安全过渡的振动位移参数范围设置为：0.3-0.5m；当突破安全过渡范围时圆柱形浮子内部将受到破坏的威胁，因此是不允许发生的。正常海况时，工作平台的振动参数在正常范围内变化，波能发电装置正常发电；当极端海况发生时，工作平台的振动强度会达到或超过正常海况下的参数限度，振动传感器和单片机会对位移幅值进行实时分析，其分析结果一旦超出安全过渡的参数范围(振动位移超过0.5m)就会启动控制器，控制器控制升降装置的伸缩；当振动传感器监测到参数值降到正常海况范围(振动位移低于0.3m)时，升降装置恢复原始状态。吸振块升降装置底部镶嵌焊接在工作平台内部，吸振块固定在升降装置顶部，控制器固定放置在工作平台一侧；工作平台升降装置固定镶嵌在导向柱内部，升降装置都是伸缩式结构，且都由一个控制器同时控制伸缩。所有输电线都由特殊材料制成，避免海水腐蚀，蓄电池为所有输出装置实现电力供应。极端海况发生时，上升后的吸振块由于体积较小，在风荷载的作用下受力幅值较小，因此可以充当双自由度体系的上层结构，从而有效的吸收下层结构的振动能量，以此保护浮子和工作平台在极端海况下的稳定性。Two cylindrical rigid body guide columns are buried deep in the seabed, and the top is welded together with the working platform through the lifting device. In extreme sea conditions, the lowered working platform and floats form the substructure together. Under normal circumstances, the vibration displacement amplitude of the cylindrical float has a certain safety range, and its general motion equation is X=X m sin2πft, so different wave power generation devices need to set a safe displacement amplitude range according to the actual sea conditions . For example, when the vibration displacement parameter is set to: 0-0.3m under normal sea conditions; the vibration displacement parameter range of the safe transition is set to: 0.3-0.5m; when breaking through the safe transition range, the interior of the cylindrical float will be threatened by destruction, so it is not necessary allowed to happen. In normal sea conditions, the vibration parameters of the working platform change within the normal range, and the wave power generation device generates electricity normally; when extreme sea conditions occur, the vibration intensity of the working platform will reach or exceed the parameter limit under normal sea conditions, and the vibration sensor and the single-chip computer will The displacement amplitude is analyzed in real time. Once the analysis result exceeds the safe transition parameter range (vibration displacement exceeds 0.5m), the controller will be activated, and the controller will control the expansion and contraction of the lifting device; when the vibration sensor monitors that the parameter value drops to the normal sea state range (The vibration displacement is less than 0.3m), the lifting device returns to the original state. The bottom of the vibration-absorbing block lifting device is embedded and welded inside the working platform, the vibration-absorbing block is fixed on the top of the lifting device, and the controller is fixed on the side of the working platform; the working platform lifting device is fixed and embedded in the guide column, and the lifting device is a telescopic structure, and All are controlled by a controller at the same time. All transmission lines are made of special materials to avoid seawater corrosion, and batteries provide power supply for all output devices. When extreme sea conditions occur, the raised vibration-absorbing block has a small volume and a small force amplitude under the action of wind load, so it can act as the upper structure of the two-degree-of-freedom system, thereby effectively absorbing the vibration energy of the lower structure, and This protects the stability of the buoy and working platform in extreme sea conditions.
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