CN110576607B - SLM (selective laser melting) additive manufacturing equipment with function gradient structure - Google Patents

SLM (selective laser melting) additive manufacturing equipment with function gradient structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110576607B
CN110576607B CN201910765134.5A CN201910765134A CN110576607B CN 110576607 B CN110576607 B CN 110576607B CN 201910765134 A CN201910765134 A CN 201910765134A CN 110576607 B CN110576607 B CN 110576607B
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China
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powder
plate
guide rod
powder feeding
hole
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CN110576607A (en
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何钢
陈涛
周智
曹钊源
李堑
钱雪松
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/214—Doctor blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/329—Feeding using hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling

Abstract

The invention discloses SLM material increase manufacturing equipment with a function gradient structure, wherein a powder forming port and a plurality of powder recycling ports are arranged on a forming platform, two symmetrically-arranged powder pressing device rails are arranged on the upper surface of the forming platform, a plurality of powder pressing devices are connected to the powder pressing device rails in a sliding mode, lifting mechanisms are fixedly arranged on two sides of the forming platform, two sides of a powder feeding device are fixedly connected with the two lifting mechanisms respectively, a plurality of powder homogenizing devices are fixedly installed below the powder feeding device, and two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms are symmetrically fixed on the forming platform. The powder feeding device with the rotating function is adopted, so that the powder feeding on two sides is realized, and the size of the equipment is effectively reduced; meanwhile, printing and powder feeding of a functional gradient structure can be realized; the powder paving device performs powder paving work in a reciprocating motion mode, no idle stroke exists, and the powder paving efficiency is effectively improved; two powder pressing devices realize powder pressing twice, the density of the powder bed is effectively improved, and the forming quality of parts can be well improved.

Description

SLM (selective laser melting) additive manufacturing equipment with function gradient structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to SLM material increase manufacturing equipment with a functional gradient structure, and belongs to the field of rapid manufacturing.
Background
The SLM technology is a rapid forming technology which is gradually paid attention to by the industry in recent years, the technology can manufacture a formed part which has high density and similar performance to the traditional machining part, and can play the advantages of the rapid manufacturing technology to avoid overlong processing period and complex post-processing. The technology does not need a low-melting-point binder, but directly melts the metal powder on the powder bed through laser to obtain a formed part, the formed part has higher precision and density, and larger uncontrollable dimension errors cannot be generated due to shrinkage deformation of the binder, so that the technology is suitable for workpieces with complex shapes. SLMs can produce elements of a variety of materials, such as metals, ceramics, polymers. The existing SLM technology generally adopts a single-side powder feeding and single-side powder spreading device, so that the problem of low printing efficiency exists, and certain difficulty exists in powder feeding of a printing function gradient structure. Therefore, the method and the device have more intensive research on the manufacturing technology and equipment of the gradient structure, can supplement the rapid forming technology of the domestic gradient structure, and have great market potential.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the SLM material increase manufacturing equipment with the function gradient structure provided by the invention adopts the powder feeding device with the rotation function, so that the size of the equipment is effectively reduced while the powder feeding on two sides is realized; the powder feeding device is provided with a plurality of powder feeding funnels, and can realize the printing and powder feeding of a functional gradient structure by combining the powder homogenizing effect of the powder homogenizing device; the powder paving device performs powder paving work in a reciprocating motion mode, no idle stroke exists, and the powder paving efficiency is effectively improved; two powder pressing devices realize powder pressing twice, the density of the powder bed is effectively improved, and the forming quality of parts can be well improved.
The invention mainly adopts the technical scheme that:
a SLM material increase manufacturing device with a function gradient structure comprises a powder feeding device, a plurality of powder homogenizing devices, two lifting mechanisms, a powder spreading device, a plurality of powder pressing devices, two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms and a forming platform, wherein the forming platform is provided with a powder forming port and a plurality of powder recovery ports, the upper surface of the forming platform is provided with two symmetrical powder pressing device tracks, the powder pressing devices are connected to the powder pressing device tracks in a sliding mode and move along the powder pressing device tracks, the two lifting mechanisms are fixedly arranged on two sides of the forming platform, two sides of the powder feeding device are fixedly connected with the two lifting mechanisms respectively, the powder feeding device is positioned above the forming platform, the powder homogenizing devices are fixedly arranged below the powder feeding device, the two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms are symmetrically fixed on the forming platform and positioned between the two powder pressing device tracks, two ends of the powder spreading device are respectively connected with the two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms;
the powder feeding device comprises a plurality of powder feeding funnels, a rotating disc, a fixed plate, a powder feeding coupling, a plurality of supporting mechanisms, a shaft and a powder feeding motor, wherein the powder feeding funnels are fixedly arranged on the rotating disc and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating disc, a powder feeding channel at the lower end of each powder feeding funnel penetrates through the rotating disc, a powder outlet of the powder feeding channel is positioned above the fixed plate, a gap is formed between the powder outlet and the fixed plate, one end of the shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the rotating disc through a central hole of the rotating disc, the other end of the shaft is connected with an output shaft of the powder feeding motor through the powder feeding coupling, the powder feeding motor is fixedly arranged at the lower bottom surface of the fixed plate, two sides of the fixed plate along the length direction of the forming platform are provided with a powder inlet, and the supporting mechanisms;
the powder homogenizing device is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the fixing plate and comprises a shell, a spiral stirring blade, a powder homogenizing coupler, a powder homogenizing motor, a reverse convex type notch, an intermediate coupler, an intermediate motor, a powder dispersing blade, a powder dispersing coupler, a powder dispersing motor, a gear, a rack, a plurality of rollers and an opening-closing plate, wherein the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are arranged up and down and are integrally formed, the upper shell and the lower shell are both vertically through shells, the upper end surface of the upper shell is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the fixing plate, the bottom of the side surface of the upper shell is provided with the reverse convex type notch, the spiral stirring blade is arranged inside the upper shell of the shell, one end of the shaft of the spiral stirring blade penetrates through the upper shell and is connected with an output shaft of the powder homogenizing motor through the powder homogenizing coupler, the gear and the powder dispersing blade are both arranged inside the lower shell of the shell, and one end of the rotating shaft of, one end of a rotating shaft of the powder scattering blade penetrates through the lower shell and is connected with an output shaft of a powder scattering motor through a powder scattering coupler, the rack is arranged on one side of the opening plate and is integrally arranged with the opening plate, the opening plate and the rack are both arranged in the inverted convex type notch, the opening plate and the rack are positioned between the spiral stirring blade and the powder scattering blade, the rack is meshed and connected with the gear, two rollers are arranged on one side of the opening plate and one side of the rack, and the rollers are in sliding connection with a step surface of the inverted convex type notch;
the lifting mechanism comprises a top plate, a sliding part, a base, a screw rod, a first guide rod, a second guide rod, a lifting coupler and a lifting motor; the both sides of roof, base and slider all are equipped with corresponding guide rod hole, and the guide rod hole symmetry of both sides sets up, two guide rod hole intermediate positions are equipped with first bearing hole on the roof, two guide rod hole intermediate positions are equipped with the second bearing hole on the base, all be equipped with the bearing in first bearing hole and the second bearing hole, two guide rod hole intermediate positions are equipped with a screw hole on the slider, and the position of screw hole corresponds with first bearing hole and second bearing hole, first guide rod passes one side guide rod hole of roof, slider and base in proper order, and two side openings and roof and base fixed connection of roof and base are passed through respectively at the both ends of first guide rod, the second guide rod passes the opposite side guide rod hole of roof, slider and base in proper order, and two side openings and roof and base fixed connection of roof and base are passed through respectively at the both ends of second guide rod, the first guide rod and the second guide rod are symmetrically arranged, the sliding part is connected between the base and the top plate through the first guide rod and the second guide rod, the lower end of the lead screw penetrates through a bearing in a second bearing hole and is connected with an output shaft of the lifting motor through the lifting coupler, the upper end of the lead screw penetrates through a threaded hole of the sliding part and is connected with the bearing in the first bearing hole, and the sliding part is fixedly connected with the fixed plate; the base is fixedly connected with the side edge of the forming platform;
the powder spreading device comprises a cross beam, two connecting rods and a scraper, the upper ends of the two connecting rods are connected with the cross beam, the lower ends of the two connecting rods are connected with the scraper, and two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected with sliding blocks of the synchronous belt transmission mechanism;
the powder pressing device comprises a main beam, wheels, a plurality of groups of telescopic devices and a powder pressing plate; the main beam comprises an upper side plate and two side plates, two ends of the upper side plate are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the two side plates respectively, wheels are mounted at the lower ends of the two side plates, the wheels of the two side plates are connected to two powder pressing device tracks in a sliding mode respectively, the wheels are connected with a driving motor through wheel shafts through wheel shaft couplers, the powder pressing devices move along the powder pressing device tracks through the wheels, a plurality of groups of telescopic devices are mounted on the lower surface of the upper side plate of the main beam, and piston rods of oil cylinders of the telescopic devices are connected with the powder pressing plates;
synchronous belt drive mechanism includes guide rail, pulley support, hold-in range, driven synchronous pulley, slider, initiative synchronous pulley, synchronous pulley box, synchronous belt motor, the pulley support is installed to the one end of guide rail, and synchronous pulley box is installed to the other end, driven synchronous pulley installs on pulley support, initiative synchronous pulley installs in synchronous pulley box, the hold-in range tensioning is connected between driven synchronous pulley and initiative synchronous pulley, the synchronous belt motor is installed in the synchronous pulley box outside, just the output shaft and the initiative synchronous pulley drive of synchronous belt motor are connected, slider and synchronous belt fixed connection, just slider sliding connection is on the guide rail, the guide rail is fixed on the mesa of shaping platform.
Preferably, the powder feeding funnels are made of silicon steel materials, the number of the powder feeding funnels is 3-5, a partition plate of a net structure is arranged inside each upper end funnel of each powder feeding funnel, a valve is arranged inside each lower end powder feeding channel, a coil is wound on the outer wall of each lower end powder feeding channel, the coil can be electrified, and after the coil is electrified, the controller controls the valve to be opened; the weight sensor is installed to valve below for detect the interior powder weight of funnel, weight sensor, valve all with controller control connection, the weight sensor passes to the controller with the weight information that detects, when weight reaches the default, by closing of controller control valve.
Preferably, the powder inlet holes on both sides of the fixed plate are stepped holes, a telescopic mechanism is arranged in each powder inlet hole, each telescopic mechanism comprises a magnet, a spring and a sleeve, the upper end of each spring is fixedly connected with the magnet, the lower end of each spring is fixedly connected with the corresponding sleeve, the sleeves are fixed in the powder inlet holes, and the magnets are of hollow cylindrical structures and are used for being communicated with the powder outlet of the hopper; the fixing plate is made of non-conductive materials.
Preferably, the number of the supporting mechanisms is four, the supporting mechanisms are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference, each supporting mechanism comprises a supporting wheel, a supporting frame and a supporting wheel shaft, the upper end of each supporting frame is provided with a shaft hole, and the lower end of each supporting frame is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the fixing plate; the supporting wheel shaft is arranged at the upper end of the supporting frame through the shaft hole, the supporting wheel is connected with the supporting wheel shaft, and the supporting wheel is in contact with the lower bottom surface of the rotating disc.
Preferably, the powder homogenizing device has two parts which are distributed corresponding to the powder inlet holes, and the center of the upper end surface of the upper shell of the shell is superposed with the center of the powder inlet hole of the fixing plate.
Preferably, each group of the telescopic devices in the powder pressing device comprises an installation plate, an oil cylinder and an oil pump motor set, the oil pump motor set and the oil cylinder are fixed on the upper side plate through the installation plate, and the oil pump motor set is connected with the oil cylinder through a pipeline and supplies oil to the oil cylinder; the oil cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod arranged in the cylinder barrel; and one end of the piston rod, which is far away from the cylinder barrel, is connected with the powder pressing plate.
Preferably, the lower end of the scraper of the powder spreading device is provided with two inclined planes which form an angle of 22-30 degrees with the scraping plane.
Preferably, the powder pressing devices are two and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder forming opening.
Preferably, the powder recovery ports are two and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the forming port.
Preferably, the telescopic device has three groups, and the telescopic devices are arranged on the upper side plate of the main beam side by side at equal intervals.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides SLM material increase manufacturing equipment with a function gradient structure, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
(1) the powder feeding device with the rotating function is adopted, so that the powder feeding on two sides is realized, and the size of the powder feeding device is effectively reduced; when powder needs to be fed, the powder feeding motor receives a corresponding control signal to drive the rotating disc to rotate, so that the powder feeding funnel filled with the powder needs to be aligned with the powder inlet hole of the fixed plate. Meanwhile, the powder feeding funnel is provided with a valve and a weight sensor and is wound with a coil; when the coil is electrified, the controller controls the valve to be opened; the weight sensor is used for detecting the weight of the powder in the hopper, transmitting the detected weight information to the controller, and controlling the valve to be closed by the controller when the weight reaches a preset value; the purpose of quantitative powder feeding can be realized, and the powder proportioning is accurate.
(2) The powder feeding device is provided with a plurality of powder feeding funnels, and can realize the printing and powder feeding of a functional gradient structure by combining the powder homogenizing effect of the powder homogenizing device; the powder feeding funnel is detachably connected with the rotating disc, the powder feeding funnel can be added or detached on the rotating disc according to the change of specific composition of a functional gradient structure to be printed, so that the requirement of printing of a formed part is met, and the powder feeding has the advantage of strong adaptability.
(3) When printing function gradient structure, send the powder device to the powder when in even powder device, the open-close board belongs to closed state, and the spiral stirring leaf can carry out abundant stirring to the mixed powder, makes the powder misce bene, and after the powder mixes, the open-close board is received the feedback and is opened, and the powder whereabouts, the powder that the scattered powder blade will fall is broken up, can effectual solution powder bonding phenomenon, is favorable to improving the shaping quality of formed part.
(4) When the powder falls into the powder homogenizing device, the lifting mechanism descends to enable the powder homogenizing device to be close to the forming platform, and the powder can uniformly fall on the forming platform surface by combining the powder dispersing action of the powder dispersing blades, so that the subsequent powder laying work is facilitated.
(5) The lower end of a scraper of the powder paving device is provided with two inclined planes which form a 22-30 degree angle with a scraping plane, the scraper does not have idle stroke during working, when powder is fed from the left side, the scraper paves powder from the left side to the right side, and when the powder is fed from the right side, the same principle is adopted, so that the powder paving work efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the scrapers are detachably connected, so that the scrapers can be replaced periodically, and the powder spreading effect is ensured.
(6) Adopt two powder pressing devices, and two powder pressing devices are the half stroke to realize the single powder of shop, the effect of twice powder pressing, the effectual density that improves the powder bed, the shaping quality of part can obtain fine improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the powder feeder of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the powdering device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of the powdering device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the powder spreading device and a synchronous belt transmission mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the powder compacting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the powder hopper of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the telescoping mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a casing of the powdering device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the scraper structure of the powder spreading device of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the powder spreading device and the guide rail of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-powder feeding funnel; 101-a separator; 102-a valve; 103-a coil; 104-a weight sensor; 105-a powder feeding channel; 2-rotating the disc; 3, fixing a plate; 301-powder inlet hole; 302-a telescoping mechanism; 3021-a magnet; 3022-a spring; 3023-a sleeve; 4-powder feeding coupler; 5-a support mechanism; 51-a support wheel; 52-a support frame; 53-support wheel axle; 6-axis; 7-powder feeding motor; 8-a powder homogenizing device; 801-a housing; 8011-upper housing; 8012-lower housing; 802-helical stirring blade; 803-powder homogenizing coupler; 804-a flour homogenizing motor; 805-inverted convex slot; 8051-step surface; 806-intermediate coupling; 807-an intermediate motor; 808-loose powder leaves; 809-loose powder coupling; 810-a loose powder motor; 811-gear; 812-a rack; 813-rollers; 814-a plywood; 9-a top plate; 901-first bearing bore; 902-side hole; 10-a slide; 11-a base; 1101-a second bearing bore; 12-a lead screw; 13-a first guide bar; 14-a second guide bar; 15-lifting coupling; 16-a lifting motor; 17-a cross beam; 18-a connecting rod; 19-a scraper; 20-a main beam; 201-upper side plate; 202-side plate; 21-wheels; 22-oil pump motor group; 23-oil cylinder; 24-a mounting plate; 25-pressing the powder plate; 26-a guide rail; 27-a pulley support; 28-synchronous belt; 29-driven synchronous pulley; 30-a slide block; 31-driving synchronous pulley; 32-synchronous pulley box; 33-synchronous belt motor; 34-a powder compaction device track; 35-a forming platform; 351-powder molding port; 352-powder recovery port.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, an SLM additive manufacturing apparatus with a functional gradient structure comprises a powder feeding device, a plurality of powder homogenizing devices 8, two lifting mechanisms, a powder spreading device, a plurality of powder pressing devices, two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms and a forming platform 35, wherein the forming platform 35 is provided with a powder forming port 351 and a plurality of powder recovery ports 352, the upper surface of the forming platform 35 is provided with two symmetrically arranged powder pressing device rails 34, the plurality of powder pressing devices are slidably connected to the powder pressing device rails 34 and move along the powder pressing device rails, the two lifting mechanisms are fixedly arranged at two sides of the forming platform, two sides of the powder feeding device are respectively and fixedly connected with the two lifting mechanisms, the powder feeding device is located above the forming platform, the plurality of powder homogenizing devices 8 are fixedly installed below the powder feeding device, the two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms are symmetrically fixed on the forming platform 35, the two ends of the powder spreading device are respectively connected with the two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms;
wherein, as shown in figure 2, the powder feeding device comprises a plurality of powder feeding funnels 1, a rotating disk 2, a fixed plate 3, a powder feeding coupling 4, a plurality of supporting mechanisms 5, a shaft 6 and a powder feeding motor 7, the powder feeding funnels 1 are fixedly arranged on the rotating disk 2, and a plurality of powder feeding funnels 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating disc 2, a powder feeding channel 105 at the lower end of each powder feeding funnel 1 penetrates through the rotating disc 2, and the powder outlet of the powder feeding channel 105 is positioned above the fixed plate 3, a gap is formed between the powder outlet and the fixed plate 3, one end of the shaft 6 is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the rotating disc 2, the other end is connected with an output shaft of a powder feeding motor 7 through a powder feeding coupling 4, the powder feeding motor 7 is fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the fixed plate 3, two sides of the fixed plate 3 in the length direction of the forming platform are both provided with a powder inlet hole 301, and a plurality of supporting mechanisms 5 are arranged between the rotating disc 2 and the fixed plate 3;
as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 9, the powder homogenizing device 8 is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the fixing plate 3, and comprises a housing 801, a spiral stirring blade 802, a powder homogenizing coupling 803, a powder homogenizing motor 804, a reversed convex notch 805, a middle coupling 806, a middle motor 807, a powder dispersing blade 808, a powder dispersing coupling 809, a powder dispersing motor 810, a gear 811, a rack 812, a plurality of rollers 813 and an opening plate 814, the housing 801 comprises an upper housing 8011 and a lower housing 8012, the upper housing 8011 and the lower housing 8012 are arranged up and down and integrally formed, the upper housing 8011 and the lower housing 8012 are both vertically through housings, the upper end surface of the upper housing 8011 is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the fixing plate 3, the bottom of the side surface of the upper housing 8011 is provided with the reversed convex notch 805, the spiral stirring blade 802 is arranged inside the upper housing 8011 of the housing 801, and one end of the shaft of the spiral stirring blade 802 passes through the upper housing 8011 and is connected with the output shaft of the powder homogenizing coupling 803, the gear 811 and the powder scattering blade 808 are both arranged inside the lower casing 8012 of the housing 801, one end of a rotating shaft of the gear 811 penetrates through the lower casing 8012 and is connected with an output shaft of the intermediate motor 807 through the intermediate coupling 806, one end of a rotating shaft of the powder scattering blade 808 penetrates through the lower casing 8012 and is connected with an output shaft of the powder scattering motor 810 through the powder scattering coupling 809, the rack 812 is arranged on one side of the opening plate 814 and is integrally arranged with the opening plate 814 and is mounted in the inverted convex notch 805, the opening plate 814 and the rack 812 are positioned between the spiral stirring blade 802 and the powder scattering blade 808, the rack 812 is meshed and connected with the gear 811, two rollers 813 are arranged on one side of the opening plate 814 and one side of the rack 812, and the rollers 813 are slidably connected with the stepped surface 8051 of the inverted convex notch;
the lifting mechanism comprises a top plate 9, a sliding part 10, a base 11, a lead screw 12, a first guide rod 13, a second guide rod 14, a lifting coupling 15 and a lifting motor 16; the two sides of the top plate 9, the base 11 and the sliding member 10 are respectively provided with corresponding guide rod holes, the guide rod holes on the two sides are symmetrically arranged, the middle position of two guide rod holes on the top plate 9 is provided with a first bearing hole 901, the middle position of two guide rod holes on the base 11 is provided with a second bearing hole 1101, bearings are respectively arranged in the first bearing hole 901 and the second bearing hole 1101, the middle position of two guide rod holes on the sliding member 10 is provided with a threaded hole, the position of the threaded hole corresponds to the first bearing hole 901 and the second bearing hole 1101, the first guide rod 13 sequentially passes through the guide rod holes on one side of the top plate 9, the sliding member 10 and the base 11, two ends of the first guide rod 13 are respectively fixedly connected with the top plate 9 and the base 11 through two side holes 902 of the top plate 9 and the base 11, the second guide rod 14 sequentially passes through the guide rod holes on the other side of the top plate 9, the sliding member 10, two ends of a second guide rod 14 are respectively fixedly connected with the top plate 9 and the base 11 through two side holes 902 of the top plate 9 and the base 11, the first guide rod 13 and the second guide rod 14 are symmetrically arranged, the sliding part 10 is connected between the base 11 and the top plate 9 through the first guide rod 13 and the second guide rod 14, the lower end of the lead screw 12 penetrates through a bearing in a second bearing hole 1101 and is connected with an output shaft of a lifting motor 16 through a lifting coupling 15, the upper end of the lead screw 12 penetrates through a threaded hole of the sliding part 10 and is connected with a bearing in a first bearing hole 901, and the sliding part 10 is fixedly connected with the fixed plate 3; the base 11 is fixedly connected with the side edge of the forming platform 35;
as shown in fig. 5 and 11, the powder spreading device comprises a beam 17, two connecting rods 18 and a scraper 19, the upper ends of the two connecting rods 18 are connected with the beam 17, the lower ends of the two connecting rods 18 are connected with the scraper 19, and two ends of the beam 17 are respectively connected with sliding blocks 30 of two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms;
as shown in fig. 6, the powder pressing device comprises a main beam 20, wheels 21, a plurality of groups of telescopic devices and a powder pressing plate 24; the main beam 20 comprises an upper side plate 201 and two side plates 202, two ends of the upper side plate 201 are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the two side plates 202 respectively, wheels 21 are mounted at the lower ends of the two side plates 202, the wheels 21 of the two side plates 202 are connected to two powder pressing device rails 34 in a sliding mode respectively, the wheels 21 are connected with a driving motor through wheel shafts through wheel shaft couplers (the conventional technology is adopted, and the driving motor is not shown in the drawing), the powder pressing devices move along the powder pressing device rails through the wheels, a plurality of groups of telescopic devices are mounted on the lower surface of the upper side plate of the main beam 20, and piston rods of oil cylinders 23 of the telescopic devices are connected with the powder pressing plates;
as shown in fig. 5, the synchronous belt transmission mechanism includes a guide rail 26, a pulley holder 27, a synchronous belt 28, a driven synchronous pulley 29, a slider 30, a driving synchronous pulley 31, a synchronous pulley box 32, and a synchronous belt motor 33, one end of the guide rail 26 is provided with a belt wheel support 27, the other end is provided with a synchronous belt wheel box 32, the driven synchronous pulley 29 is mounted on a pulley support 27, the driving synchronous pulley 31 is mounted in a synchronous pulley box 32, the synchronous belt 28 is connected between the driven synchronous pulley 29 and the driving synchronous pulley 31 in a tensioning way, the synchronous belt motor 33 is arranged outside the synchronous pulley box 32, and the output shaft of the synchronous belt motor 33 is in driving connection with the driving synchronous belt pulley 31, the slide block 30 is fixedly connected with the synchronous belt 28, and the slide block 30 is connected on the guide rail 26 in a sliding way, and the guide rail 26 is fixed on the table surface of the forming platform 35.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the powder feeding funnels 1 are made of silicon steel, the number of the powder feeding funnels 1 is 3-5, a partition plate 101 with a net structure is arranged inside an upper end funnel of each powder feeding funnel 1, a valve 102 is arranged inside a lower end powder feeding channel 105, a coil 103 is wound around the outer wall of the powder feeding channel 105, the coil 103 can be electrified, and after the coil 103 is electrified, the controller controls the valve 102 to be opened; a weight sensor 104 is installed below the valve 102 and used for detecting the weight of the powder in the hopper, the weight sensor 104 and the valve 102 are connected with the controller in a control mode, the weight sensor 104 transmits detected weight information to the controller, and when the weight reaches a preset value, the controller controls the valve 102 to be closed.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 8, the powder inlet holes 301 on both sides of the fixed plate 3 are stepped holes, a telescopic mechanism 302 is installed inside each powder inlet hole, the telescopic mechanism includes a magnet 3021, a spring 3022, and a sleeve 3023, the upper end of the spring 3022 is fixedly connected with the magnet 3021, the lower end of the spring 3022 is fixedly connected with the sleeve 3023, the sleeve 3023 is fixed in the powder inlet hole 301, and the magnet 3021 is a hollow cylindrical structure and is used for communicating with the powder outlet of the funnel; the fixing plate 3 is made of a non-conductive material.
Preferably, four of the support mechanisms 5 are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference, each support mechanism comprises a support wheel 51, a support frame 52 and a support wheel shaft 53, the upper end of the support frame 52 is provided with a shaft hole, and the lower end of the support frame is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the fixing plate 3; the supporting wheel shaft 53 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting frame 52 through a shaft hole, the supporting wheel 51 is connected with the supporting wheel shaft 53, and the supporting wheel 51 is contacted with the lower bottom surface of the rotating disc 2. In the invention, the supporting mechanism 5 can well ensure the stability of the rotating disc during rotation, the service life of the rotating mechanism is prolonged, and the supporting wheel 51 can be made of wear-resistant materials.
Preferably, there are two powder homogenizing devices 8, which are distributed corresponding to the powder inlet holes 301, and the center of the upper end surface of the housing 801 coincides with the center of the powder inlet hole 301 of the fixing plate 3.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, each set of the telescopic device in the powder pressing device includes a mounting plate 24, an oil cylinder 23 and an oil pump motor set 22, the oil pump motor set 22 and the oil cylinder 23 are fixed on the upper side plate 201 through the mounting plate 24, and the oil pump motor set 22 is connected with the oil cylinder 23 through a pipeline and supplies oil to the oil cylinder 23; the oil cylinder 23 comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod arranged in the cylinder barrel; and one end of the piston rod, which is far away from the cylinder barrel, is connected with the powder pressing plate 25, and the cylinder barrel is fixed on the mounting plate 24.
Preferably, the lower end of a scraper 19 of the powder spreading device is provided with two inclined planes which form an angle of 22-30 degrees with the scraping plane, and the scraper is detachably connected. As shown in fig. 10, the sweeping plane is a horizontal plane, and the included angle between the inclined plane of the scraper and the sweeping plane is 22-30 degrees.
Preferably, the powder pressing devices are two and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder forming opening 351.
Preferably, the powder recycling openings 352 are two and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder molding opening 351.
Preferably, the telescopic devices have three groups, and are arranged on the upper side plate 201 of the main beam 20 side by side at equal intervals.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
before the device works, sufficient powder is added in the powder feeding funnel 1, the powder feeding funnel 1 can rotate along with the rotating disk 2, when the powder is required to be fed, the powder feeding motor 7 receives corresponding control signals to drive the rotating disk 2 to rotate, so that the powder feeding funnel 1 filled with the required powder is aligned with the powder inlet 301 of the fixed plate 3, after the powder feeding funnel 1 is aligned with the powder inlet 301 of the fixed plate 3, the coil is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the powder feeding funnel 1 is communicated with a telescopic mechanism in the powder inlet 301, meanwhile, the valve 102 in the powder feeding channel 105 at the lower end of the powder feeding funnel 1 is controlled to be opened by the controller, at the moment, the weight sensor 104 arranged at the lower end of the valve 102 detects the weight of the powder in the powder feeding funnel 1 in real time and transmits the detected weight information to the controller, when the weight value reaches a preset value, the valve 102 is controlled to be closed by the controller, so that the purpose of quantitative powder feeding is realized, and when a functional, the purpose of accurate powder proportioning can be achieved. The retractable mechanism 302 facilitates the powder to smoothly fall into the powder homogenizing device 8, and no powder leaks out to pollute the powder on the forming platform 35 during the falling process of the powder. When powder change is required, the coil 103 is de-energized and the telescoping mechanism 302 returns to the home position (i.e., inside the powder inlet hole 301). When the powder falls from the powder inlet 301 of the fixing plate 3, at this time, the opening plate 814 of the powder homogenizing device 8 is in a closed state, the spiral stirring blade 802 is driven by the powder homogenizing motor 804 to fully stir the powder in the upper housing 8011, after the powder is uniformly stirred, the middle motor 807 is started to drive the gear 811 to rotate, the rack 812 meshed with the gear 811 moves along with the gear, the opening plate 814 is driven to open, the powder continues to fall, and at this time, the powder scattering motor 810 controls the powder scattering blade 808 to scatter the falling powder. Meanwhile, when the powder falls into the powder homogenizing device 8, the lifting motor 16 of the lifting mechanism is driven to rotate, so that the screw rod 12 is driven to rotate, the sliding part 10 descends along with the screw rod, the fixing plate 3 fixedly connected with the sliding part 10 descends, the powder homogenizing device 8 fixed on the fixing plate 3 is close to the forming platform 35, and the powder can uniformly fall on the table top of the forming platform 35 by combining the powder scattering effect of the powder scattering blades 808. After the powder feeding is finished, the lifting mechanism rises to return to the original position. Then, powder spreading work is carried out, the scraper 19 does not have an idle stroke during the powder spreading work, when powder is fed from the left side, the scraper 19 spreads the powder from the left side to the right side, when the powder is fed from the right side, the scraper 19 spreads the powder from the right side to the left side (the powder spreading device realizes reciprocating motion through a synchronous belt transmission mechanism, a synchronous belt motor 33 drives a sliding block 30 connected to a synchronous belt 28 to reciprocate along a rail through a driving synchronous belt pulley 31, and the powder spreading device is connected with the sliding block 30). After the powder spreading operation is finished, the powder pressing device operates, the wheels 21 of the powder pressing device move along the powder pressing device rails 34 under the driving of the driving motor, and the oil cylinders 23 in the telescopic device drive the powder pressing plates 25 to move up and down under the driving of the oil pump motor set 22. The two powder pressing devices are in half-stroke, so that the effects of powder paving at a time and powder pressing at two times are realized, and the density of the powder bed is effectively improved. In addition, the powder pressing plate 25 is retracted by the telescopic device when not in operation. In the present invention, two powder recovery ports 352 are provided on the forming platform 35, and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the powder forming port 351, and the scraper 19 passes over the powder recovery ports 352 during the powder spreading operation, and scrapes the excessive powder into the powder recovery ports 352 to recover the powder.
In the invention, the two sides of the fixing plate are provided with the powder inlet holes 301 for realizing the purpose of double-side powder feeding, the actual distance between the two powder inlet holes 301 is set according to the requirement, and the two powder inlet holes are step-shaped holes and are adapted to the structure of the telescopic mechanism; the telescopic mechanism is arranged in the powder inlet hole 301 and consists of a magnet 3021, a spring 3022 and a sleeve 3023; the upper end of the spring 3022 is fixedly connected with the magnet 3021, the lower end is fixedly connected with the sleeve 3023, and the sleeve 3023 is welded in the powder inlet hole 301; when the powder feeding hole is not in operation, the spring 3022 is in a natural state, and the magnet 3021 is in contact with the step of the powder feeding hole 301; the spring is in a stretching state during operation.
The invention is controlled by a conventional PLC control system, and the working states and coil electrifying states of all motors and valves are controlled by combining a weight sensor, so that the coordinated work of all modules is realized. The control system belongs to the conventional technical means and is not detailed.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The SLM material increase manufacturing equipment with the functional gradient structure is characterized by comprising a powder feeding device, a plurality of powder homogenizing devices, two lifting mechanisms, a powder spreading device, a plurality of powder pressing devices, two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms and a forming platform, wherein the forming platform is provided with a powder forming port and a plurality of powder recovery ports, two symmetrical powder pressing device rails are arranged on the upper surface of the forming platform, the plurality of powder pressing devices are connected to the powder pressing device rails in a sliding mode and move along the powder pressing device rails, the two lifting mechanisms are fixedly arranged on two sides of the forming platform, two sides of the powder feeding device are fixedly connected with the two lifting mechanisms respectively, the powder feeding device is located above the forming platform, the plurality of powder homogenizing devices are fixedly installed below the powder feeding device, the two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms are symmetrically fixed on the forming platform, the two ends of the powder spreading device are respectively connected with the two synchronous belt transmission mechanisms;
the powder feeding device comprises a plurality of powder feeding funnels, a rotating disc, a fixed plate, a powder feeding coupling, a plurality of supporting mechanisms, a shaft and a powder feeding motor, wherein the powder feeding funnels are fixedly arranged on the rotating disc and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating disc, a powder feeding channel at the lower end of each powder feeding funnel penetrates through the rotating disc, a powder outlet of the powder feeding channel is positioned above the fixed plate, a gap is formed between the powder outlet and the fixed plate, one end of the shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the rotating disc through a central hole of the rotating disc, the other end of the shaft is connected with an output shaft of the powder feeding motor through the powder feeding coupling, the powder feeding motor is fixedly arranged at the lower bottom surface of the fixed plate, two sides of the fixed plate along the length direction of the forming platform are provided with a powder inlet, and the supporting mechanisms;
the powder homogenizing device is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the fixing plate and comprises a shell, a spiral stirring blade, a powder homogenizing coupler, a powder homogenizing motor, a reverse convex type notch, an intermediate coupler, an intermediate motor, a powder dispersing blade, a powder dispersing coupler, a powder dispersing motor, a gear, a rack, a plurality of rollers and an opening-closing plate, wherein the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are arranged up and down and are integrally formed, the upper shell and the lower shell are both vertically through shells, the upper end surface of the upper shell is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the fixing plate, the bottom of the side surface of the upper shell is provided with the reverse convex type notch, the spiral stirring blade is arranged inside the upper shell of the shell, one end of the shaft of the spiral stirring blade penetrates through the upper shell and is connected with an output shaft of the powder homogenizing motor through the powder homogenizing coupler, the gear and the powder dispersing blade are both arranged inside the lower shell of the shell, and one end of the rotating shaft of, one end of a rotating shaft of the powder scattering blade penetrates through the lower shell and is connected with an output shaft of a powder scattering motor through a powder scattering coupler, the rack is arranged on one side of the opening plate and is integrally arranged with the opening plate, the opening plate and the rack are both arranged in the inverted convex type notch, the opening plate and the rack are positioned between the spiral stirring blade and the powder scattering blade, the rack is meshed and connected with the gear, two rollers are arranged on one side of the opening plate and one side of the rack, and the rollers are in sliding connection with a step surface of the inverted convex type notch;
the lifting mechanism comprises a top plate, a sliding part, a base, a screw rod, a first guide rod, a second guide rod, a lifting coupler and a lifting motor; the both sides of roof, base and slider all are equipped with corresponding guide rod hole, and the guide rod hole symmetry of both sides sets up, two guide rod hole intermediate positions are equipped with first bearing hole on the roof, two guide rod hole intermediate positions are equipped with the second bearing hole on the base, all be equipped with the bearing in first bearing hole and the second bearing hole, two guide rod hole intermediate positions are equipped with a screw hole on the slider, and the position of screw hole corresponds with first bearing hole and second bearing hole, first guide rod passes one side guide rod hole of roof, slider and base in proper order, and two side openings and roof and base fixed connection of roof and base are passed through respectively at the both ends of first guide rod, the second guide rod passes the opposite side guide rod hole of roof, slider and base in proper order, and two side openings and roof and base fixed connection of roof and base are passed through respectively at the both ends of second guide rod, the first guide rod and the second guide rod are symmetrically arranged, the sliding part is connected between the base and the top plate through the first guide rod and the second guide rod, the lower end of the lead screw penetrates through a bearing in a second bearing hole and is connected with an output shaft of the lifting motor through the lifting coupler, the upper end of the lead screw penetrates through a threaded hole of the sliding part and is connected with the bearing in the first bearing hole, and the sliding part is fixedly connected with the fixed plate; the base is fixedly connected with the side edge of the forming platform;
the powder spreading device comprises a cross beam, two connecting rods and a scraper, the upper ends of the two connecting rods are connected with the cross beam, the lower ends of the two connecting rods are connected with the scraper, and two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected with sliding blocks of the synchronous belt transmission mechanism;
the powder pressing device comprises a main beam, wheels, a plurality of groups of telescopic devices and a powder pressing plate; the main beam comprises an upper side plate and two side plates, two ends of the upper side plate are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the two side plates respectively, wheels are mounted at the lower ends of the two side plates, the wheels of the two side plates are connected to two powder pressing device tracks in a sliding mode respectively, the wheels are connected with a driving motor through wheel shafts through wheel shaft couplers, the powder pressing devices move along the powder pressing device tracks through the wheels, a plurality of groups of telescopic devices are mounted on the lower surface of the upper side plate of the main beam, and piston rods of oil cylinders of the telescopic devices are connected with the powder pressing plates;
synchronous belt drive mechanism includes guide rail, pulley support, hold-in range, driven synchronous pulley, slider, initiative synchronous pulley, synchronous pulley box, synchronous belt motor, the pulley support is installed to the one end of guide rail, and synchronous pulley box is installed to the other end, driven synchronous pulley installs on pulley support, initiative synchronous pulley installs in synchronous pulley box, the hold-in range tensioning is connected between driven synchronous pulley and initiative synchronous pulley, the synchronous belt motor is installed in the synchronous pulley box outside, just the output shaft and the initiative synchronous pulley drive of synchronous belt motor are connected, slider and synchronous belt fixed connection, just slider sliding connection is on the guide rail, the guide rail is fixed on the mesa of shaping platform.
2. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein the powder feeding funnels are made of silicon steel, the number of the powder feeding funnels is 3-5, a partition plate in a net structure is arranged inside each hopper at the upper end of each powder feeding funnel, a valve is arranged inside each powder feeding channel at the lower end of each powder feeding funnel, a coil is wound on the outer wall of each powder feeding channel, the coil can be electrified, and after the coil is electrified, the controller controls the valve to be opened; the weight sensor is installed to valve below for detect the interior powder weight of funnel, weight sensor, valve all with controller control connection, the weight sensor passes to the controller with the weight information that detects, when weight reaches the default, by closing of controller control valve.
3. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein the powder inlet holes on two sides of the fixing plate are stepped holes, a telescopic mechanism is installed inside each powder inlet hole, the telescopic mechanism comprises a magnet, a spring and a sleeve, the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected with the magnet, the lower end of the spring is fixedly connected with the sleeve, the sleeve is fixed in the powder inlet hole, and the magnet is of a hollow cylindrical structure and is used for being communicated with the powder outlet of the hopper; the fixing plate is made of non-conductive materials.
4. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein four of the plurality of support mechanisms are distributed at equal intervals along a circumference, each support mechanism comprises a support wheel, a support frame and a support wheel shaft, an axle hole is formed in the upper end of each support frame, and the lower end of each support frame is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the fixing plate; the supporting wheel shaft is arranged at the upper end of the supporting frame through the shaft hole, the supporting wheel is connected with the supporting wheel shaft, and the supporting wheel is in contact with the lower bottom surface of the rotating disc.
5. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein the powder homogenizing device has two parts and is disposed corresponding to the powder inlet holes, and the center of the upper end surface of the upper shell of the housing coincides with the center of the powder inlet hole of the fixing plate.
6. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein each group of the telescopic devices in the powder pressing device comprises a mounting plate, an oil cylinder and an oil pump motor unit, the oil pump motor unit and the oil cylinder are fixed on an upper side plate through the mounting plate, and the oil pump motor unit is connected with the oil cylinder through a pipeline and supplies oil to the oil cylinder; the oil cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod arranged in the cylinder barrel; and one end of the piston rod, which is far away from the cylinder barrel, is connected with the powder pressing plate.
7. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein the lower end of the scraper of the powder spreading device is provided with two inclined planes, and the angle between the two inclined planes and the scraping plane is 22-30 degrees.
8. The functionally graded structured SLM additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder compaction device has two, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the powder forming opening.
9. The SLM additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein the number of the powder recycling openings is two, and the two recycling openings are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the forming opening.
10. The functionally graded structured SLM additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are three groups of telescoping devices mounted side by side equidistant on the upper side plate of the main beam.
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