CN110571776B - Surge protection circuit - Google Patents
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- CN110571776B CN110571776B CN201910620759.2A CN201910620759A CN110571776B CN 110571776 B CN110571776 B CN 110571776B CN 201910620759 A CN201910620759 A CN 201910620759A CN 110571776 B CN110571776 B CN 110571776B
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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Abstract
The application provides a surge protection circuit, which comprises a positive control module, a negative control module, a first bleeder module, a second bleeder module and an impedance module; when the positive surge voltage is greater than the first threshold voltage, the positive control module controls the first discharging module to discharge the positive surge voltage through the second discharging module; when the absolute value of the negative surge voltage is larger than the second threshold voltage, the negative control module controls the second discharging module to discharge the negative surge voltage through the first discharging module; therefore, the surge protection of the bidirectional input port is realized, and the problem that a surge protection circuit in the prior art cannot be applied to the bidirectional input port is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a surge protection circuit.
Background
The surge voltage is instantaneous overvoltage exceeding working voltage, and has the characteristics of large voltage, extremely short generation time and the like. When power grid fluctuation, electrostatic discharge, and the like occur, a surge voltage is easily generated at a charging port of the electronic device, and if the surge voltage exceeds the withstand capability of the electronic device, destructive influence is exerted on the electronic device.
In order to prevent the surge Voltage from damaging the electronic device, a TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) is generally connected in parallel between a charging port of the electronic device and ground, or an integrated circuit IC having a surge protection function is applied to the charging port of the electronic device. When the surge voltage Vsurge appears, as shown in fig. 1, the surge voltage is discharged to the ground through a TVS transient surge suppression diode or an IC having a surge protection function, and the input voltage of the charging port is clamped at the clamping voltage Vclamp, so as to ensure the safe operation of the corresponding electronic device.
However, the surge protection circuit in the prior art can only be applied to a unidirectional input port, such as a charging port; when applied to a bi-directional port, such as a data port, the negative input signal is almost entirely bled off, which affects the data transmission of the electronic device.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a surge protection circuit to solve the problem that the surge protection circuit in the prior art cannot be applied to a bidirectional input port.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
the application provides a surge protection circuit is applied to electronic equipment's input port, includes: the device comprises a positive control module, a negative control module, a first bleeder module, a second bleeder module and an impedance module; wherein:
the output end of the positive control module, the output end of the negative control module, the control end of the first bleeder module, the control end of the second bleeder module and one end of the impedance module are all connected;
the input end of the positive control module is connected with the input end of the first bleeder module, and the connecting point is connected with the positive input port of the electronic equipment;
the input end of the negative control module is connected with the input end of the second bleeder module, and the connecting point is connected with the negative input port of the electronic equipment;
the output end of the first bleeder module, the output end of the second bleeder module and the other end of the impedance module are connected;
when the positive surge voltage received by the positive control module is greater than a first threshold voltage, controlling the first bleeding module to bleed the positive surge voltage through the second bleeding module;
when the absolute value of the negative surge voltage received by the negative control module is greater than a second threshold voltage, controlling the second bleeding module to bleed the negative surge voltage through the first bleeding module.
Optionally, the first bleed-off module includes: the first switch tube and the first diode; wherein:
an input end of the first switching tube is used as an input end of the first bleeding module, an output end of the first switching tube is used as an output end of the first bleeding module, and a control end of the first switching tube is used as a control end of the first bleeding module;
the first diode is connected between the input end of the first switch tube and the output end of the first switch tube in an inverse parallel mode.
Optionally, the first switch tube is an NMOS transistor.
Optionally, the second bleed-off module includes: a second switch tube and a second diode; wherein:
an input end of the second switching tube is used as an input end of the second bleeding module, an output end of the second switching tube is used as an output end of the second bleeding module, and a control end of the second switching tube is used as a control end of the second bleeding module;
the second diode is connected between the input end of the second switch tube and the output end of the second switch tube in an inverse parallel mode.
Optionally, the second switch tube is an NMOS transistor.
Optionally, the positive control module includes: the first voltage stabilizing branch and the first isolating branch; wherein:
the first voltage stabilizing branch is connected with the first isolating branch in series, one end of the first voltage stabilizing branch after the first voltage stabilizing branch is connected in series serves as the input end of the positive control module, and the other end of the first voltage stabilizing branch after the first voltage stabilizing branch is connected in series serves as the output end of the positive control module.
Optionally, the first voltage stabilizing branch includes: the N1 voltage stabilizing diodes are sequentially connected in series, the serially connected negative electrode is used as the input end of the first voltage stabilizing branch circuit, and the serially connected positive electrode is used as the output end of the first voltage stabilizing branch circuit; n1 is an integer of not less than 1;
the first isolation branch comprises: the N2 diodes are sequentially connected in series, the anode after the series connection is used as the input end of the first isolation branch circuit, and the cathode after the series connection is used as the output end of the first isolation branch circuit; n2 is an integer of not less than 1.
Optionally, the negative control module includes: the second voltage stabilizing branch and the second isolating branch; wherein:
the second voltage stabilizing branch is connected with the second isolating branch in series, one end of the second voltage stabilizing branch after series connection is used as the input end of the negative control module, and the other end of the second voltage stabilizing branch after series connection is used as the output end of the negative control module.
Optionally, the second voltage stabilizing branch includes: the N3 voltage stabilizing diodes are sequentially connected in series, the serially connected negative electrode is used as the input end of the second voltage stabilizing branch circuit, and the serially connected positive electrode is used as the output end of the second voltage stabilizing branch circuit; n3 is an integer of not less than 1;
the second isolation branch comprises: the N4 diodes are sequentially connected in series, the anode after the series connection is used as the input end of the second isolation branch circuit, and the cathode after the series connection is used as the output end of the second isolation branch circuit; n4 is an integer of not less than 1.
Alternatively, N1 ═ N3 and N2 ═ N4; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
n1 ≠ N3, and/or N2 ≠ N4.
Optionally, the impedance module includes: a voltage dividing resistor; wherein:
one end of the divider resistor is used as one end of the impedance module, and the other end of the divider resistor is used as the other end of the impedance module.
Optionally, the surge protection circuit is integrated in an integrated circuit.
The application provides a surge protection circuit, which comprises a positive control module, a negative control module, a first bleeder module, a second bleeder module and an impedance module; when the positive surge voltage is greater than the first threshold voltage, the positive control module controls the first discharging module to discharge the positive surge voltage through the second discharging module; when the absolute value of the negative surge voltage is larger than the second threshold voltage, the negative control module controls the second discharging module to discharge the negative surge voltage through the first discharging module; therefore, the surge protection of the bidirectional input port is realized, and the problem that a surge protection circuit in the prior art cannot be applied to the bidirectional input port is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surge voltage and a self voltage of an input port with a surge protection device in the prior art when the surge voltage occurs;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a simulation experiment data diagram obtained by performing a simulation experiment on a surge protection circuit in the prior art;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to another embodiment of the present application in practical application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the prior art, a specific structure of a surge protection circuit is shown in fig. 2, and includes: a series branch 10, a voltage-dividing resistor R and a switch tube M.
The input end of the series branch 10 is connected with the input port of the electronic device and receives a surge voltage Vsurge; the output end of the series branch 10 is connected to one end of the voltage dividing resistor R, and the connection point is denoted as point a. The series branch 10 is composed of N zener diodes, wherein the N zener diodes are respectively represented as Z1-Zn, and N is an integer not less than 1; the N voltage-stabilizing diodes are sequentially connected in series, the serially connected negative electrode serves as the input end of the serial branch circuit, and the serially connected positive electrode serves as the output end of the serial branch circuit; in addition, the reverse breakdown voltages of the N voltage stabilizing diodes are the same and are all VBR.
When the surge voltage Vsurge is less than or equal to N times the reverse breakdown voltage N × VBR, that is, Vsurge ≦ N × VBR, the serial branch 10 is not broken down; when the surge voltage Vsurge is greater than N times the reverse breakdown voltage VBR, i.e., Vsurge > N × VBR, the series branch 10 is broken down.
The other end of the divider resistor R is grounded GND. When the series branch 10 is not broken down, no current flows through the voltage dividing resistor R, and no voltage is generated at the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R; when the series branch 10 is broken down, a current flows through the voltage-dividing resistor R, and then a voltage is generated across the voltage-dividing resistor R, and the voltage Vr across the voltage-dividing resistor R increases with the increase of the current flowing through the voltage-dividing resistor R, that is, the voltage Vr across the voltage-dividing resistor R increases with the increase of the surge voltage Vsurge.
The input end of the switching tube M is connected with the input end of the series branch 10; the control end of the switching tube M is connected with the point A; the output end of the switch tube M is connected with the other end of the divider resistor R. When the voltage Vr at the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R is smaller than or equal to the threshold voltage Vth _ M of the switching tube M, namely Vr is less than or equal to Vth _ M, the switching tube M is turned off, and the surge voltage Vsurge is not released; when the voltage Vr at the two ends of the divider resistor R is greater than the threshold voltage Vth _ M of the switching tube M, that is, Vr > Vth _ M, the switching tube M is turned on, the surge voltage Vsurge is discharged to the ground GND, and the input voltage VIN of the input port of the electronic device is clamped in the safe working voltage range.
For better explanation, a simulation experiment is performed on an electronic device with a surge protection circuit in practical application, the result of the simulation experiment is shown in fig. 3, when a surge voltage Vsurge exceeds 37V, a control terminal voltage NGATE of a switching tube M is greater than a threshold voltage Vth _ M of the switching tube M, the switching tube M is turned on, the surge protection circuit starts to work, the surge voltage Vsurge is discharged to a ground GND, and an input voltage VIN of the electronic device is clamped at about 37V, so that the electronic device is ensured not to be damaged by the surge voltage; and the surge current IIN varies with the variation of the surge voltage.
However, in practical applications, the switch tube M has a parasitic diode D, and the parasitic diode D is connected in reverse parallel between the input end of the switch tube M and the output end of the switch tube M; when negative input exists at the input port, the parasitic diode D can discharge all negative input signals through the parasitic diode D, and normal transmission of the input port is affected. Therefore, the surge protection circuit in the prior art cannot be applied to a port with bidirectional input.
In order to solve the problem that the surge protection circuit in the prior art cannot be applied to the port of the bidirectional input, the present application provides a surge protection circuit, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 4, including: a positive control module 100, a negative control module 200, a first bleed module 300, a second bleed module 400, and an impedance module 500.
The output end of the positive control module 100, the output end of the negative control module 200, the control end of the first bleed module 300, the control end of the second bleed module 400, and one end of the impedance module 500 are all connected, and the connection point is marked as E; the input end of the positive control module 100 is connected to the input end of the first bleed module 300, and if the connection point is a, the point a is connected to the positive input port of the electronic device; the input end of the negative control module 200 is connected to the input end of the second bleed-off module 400, and if the connection point is B, the point B is connected to the negative input port of the electronic device; the output of the first bleeding module 300, the output of the second bleeding module 400 and the other end of the impedance module 500 are connected, and the connection point is denoted as G.
It should be noted that the input and output terminals of each module are only for distinguishing different ports, and the direction of the current flowing through each module is not limited to flow from the input terminal to the output terminal, but also may flow from the output terminal to the input terminal.
When the positive surge voltage Vsurge received by the positive control module 100+Greater than a first threshold voltage Vth1, Vsurge+>Vth1, the positive control module 100 controls the first bleeding module 300 to increase the positive surge voltage Vsurge+Is bled to point B by the second bleed module 400.
Specifically, when Vsurge+>Vth1, the voltage division V of the impedance module 500500 +Greater than the threshold voltage Vth _300 of the first bleeding module 300; when V is500 +>Vth _300, the positive control module 100 outputs the first turn-on signal to the control end of the first bleeder module 300, so that the first bleeder module 300 is turned on, and the positive surge voltage Vsurge is applied+The positive surge voltage Vsurge is discharged to the point G and then is discharged through the second discharging module 400+Let out to point B.
When the positive surge voltage Vsurge received by the positive control module 100+Is less than or equal to a first threshold voltage Vth1, Vsurge+At Vth1, the positive control module 100 disables the first bleeding module 300 from aligning to the positive surge voltage Vsurge+And (6) carrying out bleeding.
Specifically, when Vsurge+When Vth1 is ≦ Vth, the divided voltage V of the impedance module 500500 +Less than or equal to the threshold voltage Vth _300 of the first bleeding module 300; when V is500 +When Vth _300 is ≦ Vth, the positive control module 100 outputs the first turn-off signal to the control end of the first bleeder module 300, so that the first bleeder module 300 is turned off and the positive surge voltage Vsurge cannot be adjusted+And (6) carrying out bleeding.
When the negative control module 200 receives the negative surge voltage Vsurge-Is greater than a second threshold voltage Vth2, i.e. | Vsurge-|>Vth2, negative control module200 controls the second bleed module 400 to deliver the negative surge voltage Vsurge-Venting to point a occurs through the first venting module 200.
Specifically, when | Vsurge-|>Vth2, the voltage division V of the impedance module 500500 -Greater than the threshold voltage Vth _400 of the second bleeding module 400; when V is500 ->Vth _400, the negative control module 200 outputs the second conduction signal to the control end of the second bleeder module 400 to turn on the second bleeder module 400, discharges the negative surge voltage to a point G, and then discharges the negative surge voltage Vsurge through the first bleeder module 300-Let out to point a.
When the negative control module 200 receives the negative surge voltage Vsurge-Is less than or equal to a second threshold voltage, i.e. | Vsurge-When | ≦ Vth2, the negative control module 200 disables the second bleeding module 400 from converting the negative surge voltage Vsurge-And (6) carrying out bleeding.
Specifically, when | Vsurge-When | ≦ Vth2, the partial voltage V of the impedance module 500500 -A threshold voltage Vth _400 of the second bleeding module 400 or less; when V is500 -When Vth _400 is ≦ Vth, the negative control module 200 outputs a second turn-off signal to the control end of the second bleeder module 400, so that the second bleeder module 400 is turned off and the negative surge voltage Vsurge cannot be applied-And (6) carrying out bleeding.
Note that, the first threshold voltage Vth1 and the second threshold voltage Vth2 are both positive voltages; the first threshold voltage Vth1 and the second threshold voltage Vth2 are selected according to the safe operating voltage of the input port of the electronic device in practical application and in combination with practical situations; in addition, the first threshold voltage Vth1 may be equal to the second threshold voltage Vth2, i.e., the input port is bidirectionally symmetric input; the first threshold voltage Vth1 may be smaller or larger than the second threshold voltage Vth2, i.e. the input port performs bidirectional asymmetric input, which is not limited herein but is within the protection scope of the present application.
In practical applications, the surge protection circuit provided by the present application may be integrated in an integrated circuit, or may be composed of discrete devices, which is not specifically limited herein according to specific situations, and is within the protection scope of the present application.
This surge protection circuit that this embodiment provided through above-mentioned principle, can realize the surge protection to two-way input port, has solved the problem that the surge protection circuit among the prior art can't be applied to two-way input port.
In another embodiment of the present application, an implementation of the positive control module 100 is provided, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 5, including: a first voltage regulation branch 120 and a first isolation branch 110.
The input end of the first isolation branch 110 serves as the input end of the positive control module 100, the output end of the first isolation branch 110 is connected with the input end of the first voltage stabilizing branch 120, and the connection point is marked as a point C; the first isolation branch 110 includes N2 diodes connected in series in sequence, an anode of the first isolation branch 110 after the series connection is used as an input end of the first isolation branch, a cathode of the first isolation branch 110 after the series connection is used as an output end of the first isolation branch, and N2 is an integer not less than 1; note that the conduction voltage drop of each diode is V1.
When the input terminal of the first isolation branch 110 receives the positive surge voltage Vsurge+When the voltage drop generated by the first isolation branch 110 is N2 × V1, the diode included in the first isolation branch is turned on in the forward direction, so that current is allowed to pass through the diode; and, due to the positive surge voltage Vsurge+＝VA-VBAnd thus the output voltage V of the first isolation branch 110C＝VA-N2*V1。
When the negative control module 200 receives the negative surge voltage Vsurge-When the first isolation branch 110 includes a diode, the diode is turned off in the reverse direction, and the current is isolated.
The output of the first voltage regulation branch 120 serves as the output of the positive control module 100. The first voltage stabilizing branch 120 includes N1 voltage stabilizing diodes connected in series in sequence, a cathode of the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 is an input end of the first voltage stabilizing branch, an anode of the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 is an output end of the first voltage stabilizing branch, and N1 is an integer not less than 1; note that the reverse breakdown voltage of each zener diode is VBR 1.
When the output voltage V of the first isolation branch 110CWhen the total reverse breakdown voltage N1 × VBR1 of the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 is greater, the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 is broken down, and the output voltage V of the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 is greaterE +＝VC-N1 × VBR1, i.e. VE +＝VA-N2V 1-N1 VBR 1; further, the output voltage of the positive control module 100 is: vE +＝VA-N2*V1-N1*VBR1。
It should be noted that the number of diodes in the first isolation branch 110 and the voltage V1 of each diode are selected according to actual situations; the number of zener diodes in the first zener branch 120 and the reverse breakdown voltage VBR1 of each zener diode are selected based on practical considerations.
Further, it should be noted that the embodiment that the first isolation branch 110 and the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 are connected in series is not limited to the embodiment provided in this embodiment, and may also be: the input end of the first voltage-stabilizing branch 120 serves as the input end of the positive control module 100, the output end of the first voltage-stabilizing branch 120 is connected with the input end of the first isolation branch 110, and the output end of the first isolation branch 110 serves as the output end of the positive control module 100; the two embodiments may depend on the specific application environment, and are not specifically limited herein and are within the scope of the present application.
The rest of the structure and the working principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
In another embodiment of the present application, an implementation of the negative control module 200 is provided, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 5, including: a second voltage regulation branch 220 and a second isolation branch 210.
The input end of the second isolation branch 210 serves as the input end of the negative control module 200, the output end of the second isolation branch 210 is connected with the input end of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220, and the connection point is marked as point F; the second isolation branch 210 includes N4 diodes connected in series in sequence, an anode of the second isolation branch 210 after the series connection is used as an input end of the second isolation branch, a cathode of the second isolation branch 210 after the series connection is used as an output end of the second isolation branch, and N4 is an integer not less than 1; note that the conduction voltage drop of each diode is V2.
When the second isolation branch 210The input end receives a negative surge voltage Vsurge-When the voltage drop generated by the second isolation branch 210 is N4 × V2, the diode included in the second isolation branch is turned on in the forward direction, so that current is allowed to pass through the diode; and, due to the negative surge voltage Vsurge-＝VA-VBAnd thus the output voltage V of the second isolation branch 210F＝VB-N4*V2。
When the positive control module 100 receives the positive surge voltage Vsurge+In this case, the diode included in the second isolation branch 210 is turned off in the reverse direction, thereby isolating the current.
The output terminal of the second voltage regulation branch 220 serves as the output terminal of the negative control module 200. The second voltage stabilizing branch 220 includes N3 voltage stabilizing diodes connected in series in sequence, a cathode of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 after being connected in series is used as an input end of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220, an anode of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 after being connected in series is used as an output end of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220, and N3 is an integer not less than 1; note that the reverse breakdown voltage of each zener diode is VBR 2.
When the output voltage V of the second isolation branch 210FWhen the total reverse breakdown voltage N3 × VBR2 of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 is greater than, the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 is broken down, and the output voltage V of the second voltage stabilizing branch 220E -＝VF-N3 × VBR2, i.e. VE -＝VB-N4V 2-N3 VBR 2; the output voltage of the negative control module 200 is then: vE -＝VB-N4*V2-N3*VBR2。
It should be noted that the number of diodes in the second isolation branch 210 and the voltage V2 of each diode are selected according to actual situations; the number of zener diodes in the second zener branch 220 and the reverse breakdown voltage VBR2 of each zener diode are selected based on practical considerations.
Further, it should be noted that the embodiment in which the second isolation branch 210 and the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 are connected in series is not limited to the embodiment provided in this embodiment, and may also be: the input end of the second voltage-stabilizing branch 220 serves as the input end of the negative control module 200, the output end of the second voltage-stabilizing branch 220 is connected with the input end of the second isolation branch 210, and the output end of the second isolation branch 210 serves as the output end of the negative control module 200; both embodiments may depend on the specific application environment and are not specifically limited herein.
The rest of the structure and the working principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
In another embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of the first and second bleed modules 300 and 400 is provided, as shown in fig. 5:
the first bleed module 300 includes: a first switch transistor M1 and a first diode D1. An input end of the first switching tube M1 is used as an input end of the first bleed module 300; an output terminal of the first switching tube M1 serves as an output terminal of the first bleed module 300, and a control terminal of the first switching tube M1 serves as a control terminal of the first bleed module 300. The first diode D1 is connected in anti-parallel between the input terminal of the first switch tube M1 and the output terminal of the first switch tube M1.
The second bleed module 400 includes: a second switch transistor M2 and a second diode D2. An input end of the second switching tube M2 serves as an input end of the second bleed module 400; an output terminal of the second switching tube M2 serves as an output terminal of the second bleed module 400, and a control terminal of the second switching tube M2 serves as a control terminal of the second bleed module 400. The second diode D2 is connected in anti-parallel between the input terminal of the second switch tube M2 and the output terminal of the second switch tube M2.
When the first switch transistor M1 receives the first conducting signal, i.e. the divided voltage V of the impedance module 500500 +When the voltage is greater than the threshold voltage Vth _300 of the first bleeder module 300, the first switching tube M1 is turned on to apply the positive surge voltage Vsurge+Let down to point G; and then discharged to point B by the second diode D2. When the first switch transistor M1 receives the first turn-off signal, i.e. the divided voltage V of the impedance module 500500 +When the threshold voltage Vth _300 of the first bleeder module 300 is less than or equal to the threshold voltage Vth _300, the first switching tube M1 is turned off, and the positive surge voltage Vsurge cannot be adjusted+And (6) carrying out bleeding.
When the second switch tube M2 receives the second conducting signal, i.e. the divided voltage V of the impedance module 500500 -When the voltage is greater than the threshold voltage Vth _400 of the second bleeder module 400, the second switching tube M2 is turned on to discharge the negative surgePressure Vsurge-Let down to point G; and then discharged again to point a by the first diode D1. When the second switching tube M2 receives the second turn-off signal, it turns off itself and cannot supply the negative surge voltage Vsurge-And (6) carrying out bleeding.
It should be noted that the threshold voltage Vth _300 of the first bleeder module 300 is equal to the threshold voltage Vth _ M1 of the first switching tube M1. The threshold voltage Vth _400 of the second bleeder module 400 is equal to the threshold voltage Vth _ M2 of the second switching tube M2.
Optionally, the first diode D1 is a parasitic diode of the first switch M1, and the turn-on voltage thereof is V3 when the negative control module 200 receives the negative surge voltage Vsurge-When the first diode D1 is turned on, the voltage V at the point GG -＝VA+ V3; in addition, the second diode D2 is a parasitic diode of the second switch M2, and has a turn-on voltage V4 when the positive surge voltage Vsurge received by the positive control module 200+When the second diode D2 is turned on, the voltage V at the point GG +＝VB+V4。
Optionally, the first switch tube M1 and the second switch tube M2 are both NMOS transistors (N-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor field effect transistors).
The rest of the structure and the working principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
In another embodiment of the present application, a specific implementation of an impedance module 500 is provided, as shown in fig. 5, including: and a voltage dividing resistor R.
One end of the voltage dividing resistor R serves as one end of the impedance module 500, and the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R serves as the other end of the impedance module 500.
When the positive control module 100 receives the positive surge voltage Vsurge+And the output voltage of the positive control module 100 is greater than zero, i.e. the output voltage V of the first voltage-stabilizing branch 120E +When the voltage is larger than zero, the current flows through the divider resistor R, and the current direction is as follows: from point E to point G; and a divided voltage V is generated on the voltage dividing resistor RR +Wherein V isR +＝VE +-VG +(ii) a Therefore, a path is formed between the points a and B, and the current direction of the path is as follows: flows from point A to E and G in turn, and finally flows to point B.
At this time, the divided voltage V of the impedance module 500 is500 +Voltage division V equal to voltage division resistance RR +Therefore, the output condition of the first on signal is: partial voltage V of voltage-dividing resistor RR +Greater than the threshold voltage Vth _300, V, of the first bleeding module 300E +-VG +>Vth _ 300; the output condition of the first off signal is: partial voltage V of voltage-dividing resistor RR +Less than or equal to the threshold voltage Vth _300, V, of the first bleeding module 300E +-VG +Vth _ 300; further, due to VE +＝VA-N2V 1-N1 VBR1, Vth _300 Vth _ M1 and VG +＝VB+ V4, the first threshold voltage Vth1 is N2 × V1+ N1 × VBR1+ Vth _ M1+ V4.
When the negative control module 200 receives the negative surge voltage Vsurge—And the output voltage of the negative control module 200 is greater than zero, i.e. the output voltage V of the second voltage-stabilizing branch 220E -When the voltage is larger than zero, the current flows through the divider resistor R, and the current direction is as follows: from point E to point G; and a divided voltage V is generated on the voltage dividing resistor RR -Wherein V isR -＝VE --VG -. Therefore, a path is formed between the points B and a, and the current direction of the path is: flows from point B to point E and G, and finally flows to point A.
At this time, the divided voltage V of the impedance module 500 is500 -Voltage division V equal to voltage division resistance RR -Therefore, the output condition of the second on signal is: partial voltage V of voltage-dividing resistor RR -Greater than the threshold voltage Vth _400, V, of the second bleeding module 400E --VG ->Vth _ 400; the output conditions of the second off signal are: partial voltage V of voltage-dividing resistor RR -Less than or equal to the threshold voltage Vth _400, V, of the second bleeding module 400E --VG -Vth _ 400; further, due to VE -＝VB-N4V 2-N3 VBR2, Vth _400 Vth _ M2 and VG -＝VA+ V3, the second threshold voltage Vth2 is N4 × V2+ N3 × VBR2+ Vth _ M2+ V3.
It should be further noted that, in this embodiment, the impedance module includes only one voltage dividing resistor R, and may also include a plurality of voltage dividing resistors R connected in series and parallel, which may be determined according to actual situations and is not specifically limited herein; accordingly, the divided voltage of the impedance module 500 is equal to the total divided voltage of all the divided voltages R; in addition, the voltage dividing resistor R may be a non-adjustable resistor, a variable resistor, or other discrete devices or circuits for achieving the same purpose, which is not limited herein according to the specific situation.
The rest of the structure and the working principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
In practical applications, if N1 is equal to N3 and N2 is equal to N4, that is, the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 and the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 include the same number of zener diodes, and the first isolating branch 110 and the second isolating branch 210 include the same number of diodes, the surge protection circuit provided by the present application may be applied to an input port for performing bidirectional symmetric input; if N1 ≠ N3, and/or N2 ≠ N4, i.e., the first and second voltage-stabilizing branches 120 and 220 include different numbers of zener diodes, and/or the first and second isolation branches 110 and 210 include different numbers of diodes, the surge protection circuit provided by the present application can be applied to input ports that perform bidirectional asymmetric inputs.
For better illustration, the present embodiment provides a surge protection circuit, as shown in fig. 6, which takes an example that the first isolation branch 110 and the second isolation branch 210 both include a diode, and the first voltage regulation branch 120 and the second voltage regulation branch 220 both include a voltage regulation diode; the diode included in the first isolation branch 110 is denoted as a third diode D3, the diode included in the second isolation branch 210 is denoted as a fourth diode D4, the zener diode in the first voltage stabilizing branch 120 is denoted as Z1, and the zener diode in the second voltage stabilizing branch 220 is denoted as Z2.
When the positive control module 100 receives the positive surge voltage Vsurge+I.e. voltage V at point AAVoltage V greater than point BBWhen the voltage is positive, the voltage is Vsurge+The first zener diode Z1 can be broken down, and a path is formed between the point a and the point B, and the current direction is as follows: from point a, the voltage flows to point E through the third diode D3 and the first zener diode Z1, then flows to point G through the voltage divider resistor R, and finally flows to point B through the second diode D2. When the voltage division V of the voltage division resistor RR +When the voltage is greater than the threshold voltage Vth _ M1 of the first switching tube M1, that is, the positive surge voltage Vsurge + is greater than the first threshold voltage Vth1, the first switching tube M1 receives the first turn-on signal output by the positive control module 100, turns on itself, and turns on the positive surge voltage Vsurge+Discharging to G point, and applying positive surge voltage Vsurge via a second diode D2+Let out to point B.
In the above process, the fourth diode D4 is turned off in the reverse direction, and does not allow current to pass through, thereby playing a role in isolation.
When the negative control module 200 receives the negative surge voltage Vsurge-I.e. voltage V at point BBVoltage V greater than A pointAWhen the voltage is negative, the voltage is Vsurge-The second zener diode Z2 can be broken down, and a path is formed between the point B and the point a, and the current direction is as follows: from point B, through the fourth diode D4 and the second zener diode Z2, to point E, through the voltage divider resistor R to point G, and finally through the first diode D1 to point a. When the voltage division V of the voltage division resistor RR -When the voltage is greater than the threshold voltage Vth _ M2 of the second switching tube M2, that is, the absolute value of the negative surge voltage Vsurge-is greater than the second threshold voltage Vth2, the second switching tube M2 receives the first turn-on signal output by the negative control module 200, turns on itself, and turns on the negative surge voltage Vsurge-Discharging to G point, and applying a negative surge voltage Vsurge via a first diode D1-Let out to point a.
In the above process, the third diode D3 is turned off in the reverse direction, and does not allow current to pass through, thereby playing a role in isolation.
The rest of the structure and the working principle are the same as those of the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (12)
1. A surge protection circuit applied to an input port of an electronic device, comprising: the device comprises a positive control module, a negative control module, a first bleeder module, a second bleeder module and an impedance module; wherein:
the output end of the positive control module, the output end of the negative control module, the control end of the first bleeder module, the control end of the second bleeder module and one end of the impedance module are all connected;
the input end of the positive control module is connected with the input end of the first bleeder module, and the connecting point is connected with the positive input port of the electronic equipment;
the input end of the negative control module is connected with the input end of the second bleeder module, and the connecting point is connected with the negative input port of the electronic equipment;
the output end of the first bleeder module, the output end of the second bleeder module and the other end of the impedance module are connected;
when the positive surge voltage received by the positive control module is greater than a first threshold voltage, controlling the first bleeding module to bleed the positive surge voltage to a negative input port of the electronic device through the second bleeding module;
when the absolute value of the negative surge voltage received by the negative control module is greater than a second threshold voltage, controlling the second bleeding module to bleed the negative surge voltage to the positive input port of the electronic device through the first bleeding module.
2. The surge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first bleed-off module comprises: the first switch tube and the first diode; wherein:
an input end of the first switching tube is used as an input end of the first bleeding module, an output end of the first switching tube is used as an output end of the first bleeding module, and a control end of the first switching tube is used as a control end of the first bleeding module;
the first diode is connected between the input end of the first switch tube and the output end of the first switch tube in an inverse parallel mode.
3. The surge protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the first switching transistor is an NMOS transistor.
4. The surge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the second bleed-off module comprises: a second switch tube and a second diode; wherein:
an input end of the second switching tube is used as an input end of the second bleeding module, an output end of the second switching tube is used as an output end of the second bleeding module, and a control end of the second switching tube is used as a control end of the second bleeding module;
the second diode is connected between the input end of the second switch tube and the output end of the second switch tube in an inverse parallel mode.
5. The surge protection circuit of claim 4, wherein the second switching tube is an NMOS transistor.
6. The surge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the positive control module comprises: the first voltage stabilizing branch and the first isolating branch; wherein:
the first voltage stabilizing branch is connected with the first isolating branch in series, one end of the first voltage stabilizing branch after the first voltage stabilizing branch is connected in series serves as the input end of the positive control module, and the other end of the first voltage stabilizing branch after the first voltage stabilizing branch is connected in series serves as the output end of the positive control module.
7. The surge protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the first voltage regulation branch comprises: the N1 voltage stabilizing diodes are sequentially connected in series, the serially connected negative electrode is used as the input end of the first voltage stabilizing branch circuit, and the serially connected positive electrode is used as the output end of the first voltage stabilizing branch circuit; n1 is an integer of not less than 1;
the first isolation branch comprises: the N2 diodes are sequentially connected in series, the anode after the series connection is used as the input end of the first isolation branch circuit, and the cathode after the series connection is used as the output end of the first isolation branch circuit; n2 is an integer of not less than 1.
8. The surge protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the negative control module comprises: the second voltage stabilizing branch and the second isolating branch; wherein:
the second voltage stabilizing branch is connected with the second isolating branch in series, one end of the second voltage stabilizing branch after series connection is used as the input end of the negative control module, and the other end of the second voltage stabilizing branch after series connection is used as the output end of the negative control module.
9. The surge protection circuit of claim 8, wherein the second voltage regulation branch comprises: the N3 voltage stabilizing diodes are sequentially connected in series, the serially connected negative electrode is used as the input end of the second voltage stabilizing branch circuit, and the serially connected positive electrode is used as the output end of the second voltage stabilizing branch circuit; n3 is an integer of not less than 1;
the second isolation branch comprises: the N4 diodes are sequentially connected in series, the anode after the series connection is used as the input end of the second isolation branch circuit, and the cathode after the series connection is used as the output end of the second isolation branch circuit; n4 is an integer of not less than 1.
10. The surge protection circuit of claim 9, wherein N1 ═ N3 and N2 ═ N4; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
n1 ≠ N3, and/or N2 ≠ N4.
11. The surge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the impedance module comprises: a voltage dividing resistor; wherein:
one end of the divider resistor is used as one end of the impedance module, and the other end of the divider resistor is used as the other end of the impedance module.
12. The surge protection circuit according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the surge protection circuit is integrated in an integrated circuit.
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