CN110570010B - Energy management method of distributed system containing heat storage device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy management method of a distributed system containing a heat storage device, which comprises the following steps: distributing electric energy, distributing heat energy, controlling a heat storage device, designing the capacity of the heat storage device and the like; the invention combines the characteristics of electric heating and cooling loads of users, realizes the optimal scheduling of system energy by controlling the storage and release of the heat energy of the distributed system through the heat storage device, improves the control method of the distributed system and the design method of the heat storage device, reduces the heat energy loss of the system, effectively improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, reduces the investment cost and the recovery period of the system, has greater economic advantage and can effectively promote the application of the heat storage technology to the actual distributed system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of distributed systems, and particularly relates to an energy management method of a distributed system with a heat storage device.
Background
The distributed system has the advantages of being close to users, good in renewable energy source access performance, high in energy source utilization efficiency and the like, and is the trend of new energy sources and renewable energy source systems. The Combined cooling, heating and cooling Combined power system (CCHP) with the micro gas turbine as the main power supply integrates power supply, heat supply and cooling, and can realize cascade utilization of energy in a Combined cooling, heating and cooling Combined power supply mode, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate can reach more than 70%, so that the CCHP system becomes the mainstream form of distributed system development.
The CCHP system comprises multiple energy sources for inputting and multiple loads for requiring, the problem of imbalance between the productivity and the energy consumption is more prominent, and the common phenomenon that the system efficiency is high but the energy-saving rate is low exists. The energy storage technology is the key for realizing energy optimization scheduling, and the heat storage is used as a mode with lower cost of unit energy storage capacity, so that the method is easy to popularize into an actual system. However, the existing control method of the distributed system containing the heat storage device cannot effectively play the role of the heat storage system, so that the utilization rate of the distributed system is low, and the optimal scheduling of system energy cannot be effectively realized; meanwhile, the designed capacity redundancy of the energy storage system is large, and the economical efficiency is poor. Therefore, the design of the energy management method and the capacity optimization matching method of the distributed system suitable for the heat storage device has important significance for application and popularization of the energy storage technology in the distributed system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy management method of a distributed system containing a heat storage device, so as to realize optimal scheduling of energy of the distributed system, improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate and the energy saving rate of the system and reduce the investment cost of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the distributed system includes: the system comprises a gas turbine unit, a waste heat recovery device, a gas boiler, an absorption refrigerator, a heat exchanger and a heat storage device. The gas turbine set is connected with a gas pipe network to obtain natural gas, generate electric energy and recover waste heat by a waste heat recovery device; the gas boiler is connected with a gas pipe network to obtain natural gas and generate heat energy. The gas turbine set and the power grid provide electric energy to meet the electric load demand of users; the waste heat recovery device and the gas boiler provide heat energy, the heat energy is converted into proper cold energy through the absorption refrigerator to meet the cold load requirement of a user, and the heat energy is converted into proper heat energy through the heat exchanger to meet the heat load requirement of the user. The heat energy provided to the user can be regulated by the heat storage device.
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the energy management method of the distributed system sequentially determines electric energy distribution and heat energy distribution according to the daily hourly electric load, the cold load and the heat load of a user.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: judging day-by-day electric load E of user load (t) rated electric power E of gas turbine set max If the gas turbine set is in the t period E load (t) is greater than E max The gas turbine set is operated in a rated state and outputs electric power E cchp (t)＝E max Time interval E of gas turbine load (t) exceeding E max Is provided by the power grid; if the gas turbine set outputs electric power E in t time period cchp (t)＝E load And (t), no power grid is needed to provide electric energy.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: according to the gas turbine set hourly output electric power obtained in the electric energy distribution step, the hourly load rate is obtained through calculation
Obtaining the hourly primary energy consumption G of the gas turbine set by combining the electric efficiency of the gas turbine set cchp (t) combining the heat efficiency of the gas unit and the efficiency of the waste heat recovery device to obtain heat energy Q which can be recycled time by time re (t) combining the conversion efficiencies of the absorption chiller and the heat exchanger to convert the hourly cooling load and the thermal load into equivalent thermal energy demand, and summing to obtain the hourly thermal energy demand Q of the user load (t), the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is Q in the period of t reuse (t)＝min(Q re (t),Q load (t)), if the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is more or less than the hourly heat energy demand Q of the user load (t), heat energy is distributed according to the method in the step 3.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step a, calculating each time interval Q re (t) and Q load (t) to obtain a time-by-time thermal difference Q diff (t)；
Step b, an energy storage stage; select all Q diff (t) periods of time greater than 0, and sequencing in chronological order, determining the energy storage power of the heat storage device according to the following method: taking the hourly thermal difference Q diff (t) maximum power Q of heat storage device max_TESS Storage and delivery ofThermal device not full capacity C TESS -C TESS (t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters as the real-time power Q of the energy storage device TESS (t) storing the surplus of recovered heat energy in a heat storage device; if there is excess, the excess heat is released to the surrounding environment, if Q is still excessive diff (t) > 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
Q TESS (t)＝min{|Q diff (t)|,|Q max_TESS |,|C TESS -C TESS (t)|}，
wherein, C TESS Capacity designed for the heat storage device; c TESS (t) is the current capacity of the heat storage device, represents the sum of the heat energy stored at the current moment, and is considered as 0 at the initial moment of the energy storage stage; at the same time, all Q's are combined diff (t) > 0 period Q TESS (t) adding to obtain the total heat energy stored in the heat storage device as Q sto ；
Step c, energy releasing stage; select all Q diff (t) time periods less than 0, chronologically ordered, and the energy discharge power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following method: get the hourly heat difference value Q diff (t) maximum power Q of heat storage device max_TESS Current capacity C of heat storage device TESS (t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters and taking the inverse number as the real-time power Q of the energy storage device TESS (t) releasing the heat stored in the heat storage device to provide the user's heat demand, if the user's heat demand is still not reached, the user's unsatisfied heat demand is provided by the gas boiler, namely: if Q diff (t) < 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
Q TESS (t)＝-min{|Q diff (t)|,|Q max_TESS |,|C TESS (t)|}，
initial moment C of the energy release phase TESS (t) is set to Q sto The current value is obtained by subtracting the energy released at the last moment from the residual capacity at the last moment, and simultaneously, all Q values are obtained diff (t) < 0 period Q TESS (t) adding and taking the opposite numbers to obtain the total sum of the heat energy released by the heat storage device as Q rel ；
Step d, comparing Q sto And Q rel Is of a magnitude of (Q) sto ＞Q rel Selecting all Q diff (t) a period of time greater than 0, in reverse chronological order, reducing the stored heat storage power of the heat storage device time by time and reducing the total stored heat energy Q synchronously sto When Q is sto ＝Q rel If yes, executing step e;
step e, obtaining control over the heat storage device: at Q diff (t) < 0 period, the power of the gas boiler is controlled by Q GB (t)＝|Q diff (t)-Q TESS (t) | to yield; at Q diff (t) > 0 time period, the lost heat energy released into the ambient environment is represented by Q loss (t)＝Q diff (t)-Q TESS (t) obtaining.
In step 3, the control of the heat storage device takes a day as a metering period, and the heat energy stored and released by the heat storage device is equal, namely:
in step 3, the design method of the capacity of the heat storage device is as follows: under N typical user design daily conditions, respectively calculating the recovered heat energy in each time period
And the user's heat demand
The difference value of (A) is obtained as a time-by-time thermal difference value
For the whole time period
Summing to obtain a sum
Will be provided with
In a time period less than 0And obtaining a sum of the insufficient periods
Will be provided with
Summing the time periods greater than 0 to obtain the sum of the surplus time periods
For operating condition X, if
Then:
if it is
Then
X =1, \8230;, N, the capacity of the heat storage device is:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention designs an energy management method of a distributed system containing a heat storage device, which realizes the optimal scheduling of the system heat energy through the storage and release of the heat storage device energy, reduces the loss heat energy dissipated to the surrounding environment by the system, and effectively improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system; meanwhile, an optimal design method of the capacity of the heat storage device is provided, the initial investment cost of the system is reduced, the utilization rate of the heat storage device is improved, the investment recovery period is shortened, and the method has great economic advantages.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall topology of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a time-by-time electrical load and equivalent time-by-time thermal demand for summer conditions.
FIG. 3 is a plot of time-by-time electrical load and equivalent time-by-time thermal demand for winter conditions.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of power distribution in summer conditions.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of power distribution during winter conditions.
FIG. 6 is a control diagram of a thermal storage device during summer conditions.
FIG. 7 is a control diagram of a heat storage device during winter conditions.
Detailed Description
Examples
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for managing energy of a distributed system including a heat storage device includes a gas turbine 10, a waste heat recovery device 20, a gas boiler 30, an absorption chiller 40, a heat exchanger 50, and a heat storage device 60. The gas turbine 10 is connected with a gas pipe network 100 to obtain natural gas and generate electric energy, and waste heat is recovered by a waste heat recovery device 20; the gas boiler 30 is connected to the gas pipe network 100 to obtain natural gas and generate heat energy. The gas turbine 10 and the power grid 200 provide electric energy to meet the electric load demand of users; the waste heat recovery device 20 and the gas boiler 30 provide heat energy, and the heat energy is converted into appropriate cold energy by the absorption refrigerator 40 to meet the user cold load demand, and is converted into appropriate heat energy by the heat exchanger 50 to meet the user heat load demand. The regulation of the system heat energy is realized by the storage and release of the heat storage device 60.
The implementation objects include two typical user working conditions of summer and winter, and fig. 2 and 3 are time-by-time electrical loads and equivalent time-by-time thermal demands corresponding to the summer working condition and the winter working condition, respectively. The equivalent hourly heat demand is calculated by combining the COP of the absorption chiller and the efficiency of the heat exchanger according to the cooling load and the heating load of the user, and in this embodiment, the COP of the absorption chiller is 1.2 and the efficiency of the heat exchanger is 0.9.
The gas unit of the implementation object is an internal combustion engine, the rated power is 67kw, and the electric efficiency and the thermal efficiency can be obtained by fitting standard characteristic data of a natural air suction type small unit formulated by the American society of heating, refrigeration and air conditioning engineers.
According to the step of electric energy distribution, the 24-hour hourly electric load E is applied load (t) comparing the rated power value 67kw of the gas turbine set, and obtaining the hourly output electric power of the gas turbine set: when E is load (t) > 67, the output electric power of the gas turbine unit is 67kw, and the insufficient part is provided by the power grid; e.g. period of summer t =10, E load (10) And if the power grid is not larger than 82.59kW, the gas turbine set operates in a rated state, the output power is 67kW, and the power grid supplies 15.59kW of electric energy to users. When E is load (t) is less than or equal to 67, and the output electric power of the gas turbine set is E cchp (t)＝E load (t), the grid does not provide electrical energy; e.g. period of summer t =5, E load (5) And if the power is not less than 40.42kW, the output power of the gas turbine unit is 40.42kW, and the electric power grid does not provide electric energy. Fig. 4 and 5 illustrate electric energy distribution methods corresponding to summer and winter conditions, respectively.
Chronograph E obtained as described above cchp (t) and
calculating to obtain a time-by-time load rate PLR (t); the heat energy Q which can be recycled time by time is obtained by combining the electric efficiency, the thermal efficiency and the waste heat recovery device efficiency of the gas turbine unit re (t) of (d). E.g. period of summer t =10, E cchp (10) =67kW and E max If the power factor is not less than 67kW, the PLR (10) =1, the electrical efficiency is 0.2641, the real-time thermal efficiency is 0.5479, the efficiency of the waste heat recovery device is 0.8, and the Q is calculated re (10) =111.2kW. By combining the equivalent hourly heat demand of the user, the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user in the period of t can be known to be Q reuse (t)＝min(Q re (t),Q load (t)). In the period of summer working condition t =10, Q re (10) =111.2kw and Q load (10) =75.74kW, then Q reuse (10) =75.74kW; period of summer operating condition t =16, Q re (16) =111.2kW and Q load (16) =130.13kW, then Q reuse (16)＝111.2kW。
The heat storage capacity of the distributed system is designedThe following were used: respectively calculating the summer working condition and the winter working condition for 24 periods to recover heat energy Q re (t) and customer Heat requirement Q load (t) obtaining a time-by-time thermal difference Q diff (t) of (d). Respectively using Q of all periods of summer working conditions and winter working conditions diff (t) summing to give a sum Q Tdiff Knowing the summer working condition Q Tdiff =292.27kWh, winter condition Q Tdiff = -1430.68kWh. If Q Tdiff If greater than 0, then Q will be diff (t) summing the periods less than 0 to obtain a sum Q of insufficient periods insuf Taking the absolute value as a preselected capacity value; if summer conditions are greater than 0 and the sum of the calculated insufficient periods is-266 kWh, 266kWh is taken as the preselected capacity value. If Q Tdiff If < 0, Q is set diff (t) periods greater than 0 are summed to obtain a sum Q of the margin periods surplus Taking the absolute value as a preselected capacity value; and if the winter working condition is less than 0 and the sum of the surplus time periods is 57kWh, taking the 57kWh as a preselected capacity value. Comparing all the preselected capacity values, the maximum value of which is taken as the design capacity of the heat storage device, the design capacity of the heat storage device is 266kWh.
According to the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to a user and the design capacity of the heat storage device, the energy storage and release control method of the heat storage device is designed by adopting the following method:
in the energy storage stage, all Q are selected diff (t) time periods greater than 0 are sequenced in time sequence, and the energy storage power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following principle: get the hourly heat difference value Q diff (t) maximum power Q of heat storage device max_TESS The capacity C of the heat storage device not being full TESS -C TESS (t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters as the real-time power Q of the energy storage device TESS (t) storing the surplus portion of the recovered heat energy in the heat storage device; if there is excess, the excess heat is released to the ambient environment. If the summer working condition t =0 period, Q diff (0)＝27.5，Q max_TESS ＝66.5，C TESS -C TESS (0) =266, then Q TESS (0) =27.5kW, the total heat energy stored in the heat storage device is Q sto =27.5kWh; also in summerCondition t =7 time period, Q diff (7)＝45.49，Q max_TESS ＝66.5，C TESS -C TESS (7) =5.31, then Q TESS (7) =5.31kW, the total heat energy stored in the heat storage device is Q sto ＝266kWh。
In the energy release stage, all Q is selected diff (t) time periods less than 0 are ordered in chronological order, and the energy discharge power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following principle: taking the hourly thermal difference Q diff (t) maximum power Q of heat storage device max_TESS Current capacity C of heat storage device TESS (t) taking the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters and taking the inverse number as the real-time power Q of the energy storage device TESS (t) releasing the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage device to provide the user thermal energy demand; if the heat energy is still insufficient, the insufficient heat energy is provided by the gas boiler. If the summer working condition t =12 time period, Q diff (12)＝-17.66，Q max_TESS ＝66.5，C TESS (12) =266, then Q TESS (12) =27.66kW, the sum of the heat energy released by the heat storage device is Q rel =27.66kWh; also for example, in winter, t =19 period, Q diff (19)＝-80.49，Q max_TESS ＝66.5，C TESS (19) If not than 0, then Q TESS (19) =0kW, the sum of the heat energy released by the heat storage device is Q rel ＝57.11kWh。
During the heat storage device storage and release balance check phase, Q is compared sto And Q rel Of size, if Q sto ＞Q rel Selecting all Q diff (t) a period of time greater than 0, in reverse chronological order, reducing the stored heat storage power of the heat storage device time by time and reducing the total stored heat energy Q synchronously st o, up to Q sto ＝Q rel The procedure is skipped.
According to the above steps, a control method of the heat storage device can be obtained, and fig. 6 and 7 are control methods of the heat storage device corresponding to the summer working condition and the winter working condition, respectively. Then at Q diff (t) < 0 period, the power of the gas boiler can be controlled by Q GB (t)＝|Q diff (t)-Q TESS (t) | to yield; if the working condition t =19 time period in winter, the heat energy provided by the gas boiler is Q GB (19)＝80.49kW. At Q diff (t) > 0 time period, the lost heat energy released into the ambient environment can be controlled by Q loss (t)＝Q diff (t)-Q TESS (t) obtaining; if the summer working condition t =7, the system releases the excess heat energy of 40.18kWh to the surrounding environment.
The above detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An energy management method of a distributed system with a heat storage device is based on the distributed system, and the distributed system comprises a gas turbine set [10], a waste heat recovery device [20], a gas boiler [30], an absorption refrigerator [40], a heat exchanger [50] and a heat storage device [60]; the gas unit [10] is connected with a gas pipe network [100] to obtain natural gas and generate electric energy, and waste heat is recovered by a waste heat recovery device [20 ]; the gas boiler [30] is connected with a gas pipe network [100] to obtain natural gas and generate heat energy; the gas turbine set [10] and the power grid [200] provide electric energy meeting the electric load demand of a user; the waste heat recovery device [20] and the gas-fired boiler [30] are used for providing heat energy, the absorption refrigerator [40] is used for converting proper cold energy to meet the cold load requirement of a user, the heat exchanger [50] is used for converting proper heat energy to meet the heat load requirement of the user, and the heat energy provided for the user is adjusted through the heat storage device [60]; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, distributing electric energy;
step 2, distributing heat energy;
step 3, controlling a heat storage device;
step 4, designing the capacity of the heat storage device;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: judging day-by-day electric load of userE load (t)Rated electric power of gas turbineE max During the period of tE load (t)Is greater thanE max The gas turbine set is ratedOperating in a constant state and outputting electric powerE cchp (t)＝E max And a period of tE load (t)Exceed and exceedE max Is provided by the power grid;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: the gas unit time-by-time output electric power obtained according to the electric energy distribution step is calculated to obtain the time-by-time load rate
And the hourly primary energy consumption of the gas unit is obtained by combining the electric efficiency of the gas unitG cchp (t)And combining the heat efficiency of the gas unit and the efficiency of the waste heat recovery device to obtain heat energy which can be recycled time by timeQ re (t)Combining the conversion efficiency of the absorption refrigerator and the heat exchanger, converting the hourly cooling load and the heat load into equivalent heat energy demand, and summing to obtain the hourly heat energy demand of the userQ load (t)And in the period of t, the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user isQ reuse (t)＝min(Q re (t),Q load (t))If the heat energy provided by the waste heat recovery device to the user is more or less than the hourly heat energy demand of the userQ load (t)If so, distributing heat energy according to the method in the step 3;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step a, calculating each time intervalQ re (t)And withQ load (t)To obtain a time-by-time thermal difference valueQ diff (t)；
Step b, an energy storage stage; select allQ diff (t)And (3) time intervals which are greater than 0 are sequenced in time sequence, and the energy storage power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following method: taking the hourly heat differenceQ diff (t)Maximum power of heat storage deviceQ max_TESS The capacity of the heat storage device is not fullC TESS -C TESS (t)The minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters is used as the real-time power of the energy storage deviceQ TESS (t)Storing the surplus part of the recovered heat energy into the heat storage device; if the heat storage device is still redundant after being filled, the redundant heat energy is released to the surrounding environment, and if the heat storage device is still redundant after being filled, the redundant heat energy is released to the surrounding environmentQ diff (t)If the real-time power of the energy storage device is more than 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
Q TESS (t)＝min{|Q diff (t)|,|Q max_TESS |,|C TESS -C TESS (t)|}，
wherein the content of the first and second substances,C TESS capacity designed for the heat storage device;C TESS (t)the current capacity of the heat storage device is represented by the sum of heat energy stored at the current moment, and the initial moment in the energy storage stage is considered to be 0; at the same time, all theQ diff (t)Period > 0Q TESS (t)Adding to obtain the total heat energy stored by the heat storage deviceQ sto ；
Step c, energy releasing; select allQ diff (t)The time periods less than 0 are ordered chronologically and the discharge power of the heat storage device is determined according to the following method: taking the hourly heat differenceQ diff (t)Maximum power of heat storage deviceQ max_TESS Current capacity of heat storage deviceC TESS (t)Taking the inverse number of the minimum value of the absolute values of the three parameters as the real-time power of the energy storage deviceQ TESS (t)The heat energy stored in the heat storage device is released to provide the heat energy demand of the user, and if the heat energy demand of the user is still not met, the heat energy demand which is not met by the user is provided by the gas boiler, namely: if it isQ diff (t)If the real-time power of the energy storage device is less than 0, the real-time power of the energy storage device is as follows:
Q TESS (t)＝-min{|Q diff (t)|,|Q max_TESS |,|C TESS (t)|}，
initial moment of the de-energizing stageC TESS (t)Is arranged asQ sto Then, thenQ sto The current value is obtained by subtracting the last-time energy release energy from the last-time residual capacity, and simultaneously, all the energy is usedQ diff (t)< 0 period Q TESS (t)Adding and taking out the opposite numbers to obtain the total heat energy released by the heat storage device asQ rel ；
Step d, comparisonQ sto And withQ rel Size of (1), ifQ sto ＞Q rel Select allQ diff (t)The time intervals of more than 0 are sequenced according to the time reverse order, the heat storage power stored by the heat storage device is reduced time by time, and the sum of the stored heat energy is synchronously reducedQ sto When it comes toQ sto ＝Q rel If yes, executing step e;
step e, obtaining control over the heat storage device: in thatQ diff (t)< 0 period, the power of the gas boiler is controlled byQ GB (t)＝|Q diff (t)-Q TESS (t)Obtaining the | of; in thatQ diff (t)Period > 0, lost heat energy released into the ambient environment fromQ loss (t) ＝Q diff (t)-Q TESS (t)And (4) obtaining.
2. The energy management method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the heat storage device is controlled for a daily metering cycle, and the heat energy stored and released by the heat storage device is equal, namely:
3. the energy management method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the capacity of the heat storage device is designed by: under N typical user design daily conditions, respectively calculating the recovered heat energy in each time intervalQ X re (t)And the user's heat demandQ X load (t) The difference value of (A) is obtained as a time-by-time thermal difference valueQ X diff (t) All the time periodsQ X diff (t)Summing to obtain a sum thermal difference valueQ X T diff (t) Will beQ X diff (t)Summing the time intervals less than 0 to obtain the sum thermal difference value of the time intervals with insufficient thermal energyQ X insuf Will beQ X diff (t)Summing the time intervals more than 0 to obtain the total heat difference value of the time intervals with surplus heat energyQ X surplus For operating condition X, if
If greater than 0
(ii) a If it is
If less than 0, then
X =1,., N, the capacity of the heat storage device is:
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