CN110568384A - An active magnetic compensation method for an ultrasensitive atomic magnetometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于软件算法和精密测磁等领域，具体涉及一种用于超灵敏原子磁力计的主动式磁补偿方法，适用于原子物理实验，生物医学，精密测量等相关领域研究。The invention belongs to the fields of software algorithm and precision magnetic measurement, and specifically relates to an active magnetic compensation method for an ultrasensitive atomic magnetometer, which is suitable for research in related fields such as atomic physics experiments, biomedicine, and precision measurement.
背景技术Background technique
原子磁力计是一种可以媲美超导量子干涉器件(Superconducting quantuminterference device，SQUID)且不需要低温环境的超高灵敏度测磁工具，根据一些相关的文献报道，目前已经将其应用于核磁共振(Nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR)，心磁(Magnetocardiography，MCG)与脑磁(Magnetoencephalography，MEG)，以及磁性材料等的测量。通常地，大多数原子磁力计利用多层高磁导率合金被动式屏蔽环境中磁场，但是，被动式屏蔽的技术和方法限制了原子磁力计的应用范围，例如地磁测量、空间磁场测量、磁异常测量等。因此，需要发展新型主动式磁补偿的原子磁力计以及发明新的主动式磁补偿方法，减少或者消除限制主动式磁补偿类型原子磁力计灵敏度主要因素之一的工频磁场噪声，为实现高精度主动式磁补偿类型的原子磁力计奠定基础。Atomic magnetometer is an ultra-high sensitivity magnetic measuring tool comparable to superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and does not require a low temperature environment. According to some relevant literature reports, it has been applied to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR Measurement of magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetocardiography (MCG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and magnetic materials. Generally, most atomic magnetometers use multi-layer high magnetic permeability alloys to passively shield the magnetic field in the environment. However, passive shielding techniques and methods limit the application range of atomic magnetometers, such as geomagnetic measurement, space magnetic field measurement, and magnetic anomaly measurement. Wait. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new active magnetic compensation atomic magnetometers and invent new active magnetic compensation methods to reduce or eliminate power frequency magnetic field noise, which is one of the main factors limiting the sensitivity of active magnetic compensation type atomic magnetometers, in order to achieve high precision. Laying the foundation for an atomic magnetometer of the active magnetic compensation type.
常用的主动式磁补偿方法有多种，例如文献“Active shielding to reduce lowfrequency disturbances in direct current near biomagnetic measurements”[Rev.Sci.Instrum.70,2465(1999)]中利用测磁传感器测量环境中的磁场，PID控制器根据测得磁场产生反馈信号进入电流源，然后，电流源输出电流进入亥姆霍兹线圈产生均匀磁场，实现外界环境磁场补偿。该方法可以实现静态磁场的补偿，但对于工频磁场噪声的补偿效果不显著。文献“Active cancellation of stray magnetic fields in a Bose-Einstein condensation experiment”[Rev.Sci.Instrum.78,024703(2007)]报道了利用独立的电感线圈来实现工频磁场噪声的补偿，该方法需要挑选具有合适容抗的线圈，具有一定的局限性。在文献“Magnetic field stabilization system for atomic physicsexperiments”[Rev.Sci.Instrum.90,044702(2019)]中，报道了利用钙离子作为测磁传感器，并结合正反馈电路实现工频磁场噪声的补偿，然而，该方法仅适用于补偿固定相位的工频磁场噪声。There are many commonly used active magnetic compensation methods, for example, in the literature "Active shielding to reduce low frequency disturbances in direct current near biomagnetic measurements" [Rev. Magnetic field, the PID controller generates a feedback signal according to the measured magnetic field and enters the current source, and then the output current of the current source enters the Helmholtz coil to generate a uniform magnetic field to realize the external environment magnetic field compensation. This method can realize the compensation of the static magnetic field, but the compensation effect for the power frequency magnetic field noise is not significant. The document "Active cancellation of stray magnetic fields in a Bose-Einstein condensation experiment" [Rev.Sci.Instrum.78, 024703(2007)] reported the use of independent inductance coils to realize power frequency magnetic field noise compensation. This method needs to select Coils with suitable capacitive reactance have certain limitations. In the document "Magnetic field stabilization system for atomic physics experiments" [Rev.Sci.Instrum.90, 044702(2019)], it is reported that calcium ions are used as magnetic sensors and combined with positive feedback circuits to realize power frequency magnetic field noise compensation. However, this method is only suitable for compensating fixed-phase power-frequency magnetic field noise.
本发明提出了一种用于超灵敏原子磁力计的主动式磁补偿方法，包括静态与工频磁场噪声的补偿。利用测磁单元测量环境中的磁场、计算机中磁补偿程序分析测量磁场信号，实时快速提取信号相位与幅值，利用单个电流源与单组亥姆霍兹线圈产生相反磁场，补偿后磁场值小于20nT。本发明方法与传统利用比例-积分-微分(Proportion-integral-differential，PID)控制方式进行磁补偿相比较，对工频磁场噪声有更好的衰减效果。The invention proposes an active magnetic compensation method for an ultrasensitive atomic magnetometer, including compensation of static and power frequency magnetic field noise. Use the magnetic measuring unit to measure the magnetic field in the environment, and the magnetic compensation program in the computer to analyze and measure the magnetic field signal, quickly extract the signal phase and amplitude in real time, use a single current source and a single set of Helmholtz coils to generate an opposite magnetic field, and the magnetic field value after compensation is less than 20nT. Compared with the traditional magnetic compensation using proportional-integral-differential (PID) control mode, the method of the present invention has a better attenuation effect on power frequency magnetic field noise.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术和方法存在的问题，提供一种用于超灵敏原子磁力计的主动式磁补偿方法，解决工频磁场噪声和静态磁场噪声的补偿。The object of the present invention is to provide an active magnetic compensation method for an ultra-sensitive atomic magnetometer to solve the compensation of power frequency magnetic field noise and static magnetic field noise.
本发明的目的通过以下技术措施实现：The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures:
一种用于超灵敏原子磁力计的主动式磁补偿方法，包括以下步骤：An active magnetic compensation method for an ultrasensitive atomic magnetometer comprising the following steps:
步骤1、计算机控制DAC转换单元输出线性变化电压Vlin，线性变化电压Vlin经过压控电流源模块作用于亥姆霍兹线圈，测磁单元放置于亥姆霍兹线圈的中心位置，测磁单元测得磁场值Bmag与线性变化电压Vlin进行线性拟合，获得磁场值Bmag与线性变化电压Vlin拟合的斜率k与截距a；Step 1. The computer controls the DAC conversion unit to output a linearly varying voltage V lin . The linearly varying voltage V lin acts on the Helmholtz coil through the voltage-controlled current source module. The magnetic measuring unit is placed at the center of the Helmholtz coil. Perform linear fitting between the magnetic field value B mag measured by the unit and the linearly varying voltage V lin , and obtain the slope k and intercept a of the fitting between the magnetic field value B mag and the linearly varying voltage V lin ;
步骤2、设定无磁旋转台的旋转速度，亥姆霍兹线圈和测磁单元随着无磁旋转台在水平面内旋转，测磁单元实时测量磁场，获取环境磁场分布数据范围，设定DAC转换单元的输出电压范围＝(环境磁场分布数据范围-a)/k，设定阻尼因子和采样率；Step 2. Set the rotation speed of the non-magnetic rotating table. The Helmholtz coil and the magnetic measuring unit rotate in the horizontal plane with the non-magnetic rotating table. The magnetic measuring unit measures the magnetic field in real time, obtains the range of environmental magnetic field distribution data, and sets the DAC The output voltage range of the conversion unit=(environmental magnetic field distribution data range-a)/k, set damping factor and sampling rate;
步骤3、亥姆霍兹线圈不通入电流；Step 3, the Helmholtz coil does not pass current;
步骤4、测磁单元测量磁场值BN，磁场值BN包括工频磁场噪声aN和静态磁场噪声bN，其中，N表示步骤4和步骤5的当前循环的次数；Step 4, the magnetic measuring unit measures the magnetic field value B N , and the magnetic field value B N includes power frequency magnetic field noise a N and static magnetic field noise b N , where N represents the number of current cycles of steps 4 and 5;
BN＝aN+bN B N =a N +b N
步骤5、工频磁场噪声幅值|aN|与相位θN采用如下计算方法，其中，Re为工频磁场噪声aN进行频谱变换后的实部，Im为工频磁场噪声aN进行频谱变换后的虚部，f表示需要补偿的工频磁场噪声aN的频率，n表示采样总数，fs表示采样率，i∈{0～(n-1)}，t设定为采样点序号与对应关联的输出序号之间的时间差；Step 5. The power frequency magnetic field noise amplitude |a N | and phase θ N are calculated using the following calculation method, where Re is the real part of the power frequency magnetic field noise a N after spectral transformation, and Im is the power frequency magnetic field noise a N. The transformed imaginary part, f represents the frequency of power frequency magnetic field noise a N that needs to be compensated, n represents the total number of samples, fs represents the sampling rate, i∈{0～(n-1)}, t is set as the number of sampling points and The time difference between corresponding associated output sequence numbers;
步骤6、DAC转换单元输出补偿电压V′N给压控电流源模块，补偿电压V′N通过以下公式获得，vN为静态磁场噪声输出补偿电压，VN为工频磁场噪声输出补偿电压，damping为阻尼因子；Step 6, the DAC conversion unit outputs the compensation voltage V′ N to the voltage-controlled current source module, the compensation voltage V′ N is obtained by the following formula, v N is the static magnetic field noise output compensation voltage, V N is the power frequency magnetic field noise output compensation voltage, Damping is the damping factor;
W′N＝vN+yN W′ N ＝v N +y N
步骤7、重复步骤4～6。Step 7. Repeat steps 4-6.
本发明相对于现有技术和方法，具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art and methods, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明适用于静态与工频磁场噪声的补偿，对于测磁单元测磁频带内其它高频磁场噪声均可实现补偿，补偿效果的最终限制因素为测磁单元的磁场分辨率与采样率。相对于传统的PID磁补偿方法补偿速度更快，对工频磁场噪声补偿效果更明显。The invention is applicable to the compensation of static and power frequency magnetic field noise, and can realize compensation for other high-frequency magnetic field noise in the magnetic frequency band of the magnetic measuring unit, and the final limiting factor of the compensation effect is the magnetic field resolution and sampling rate of the magnetic measuring unit. Compared with the traditional PID magnetic compensation method, the compensation speed is faster, and the compensation effect on power frequency magnetic field noise is more obvious.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的总体工作流程方框图；Fig. 1 is a block diagram of overall work flow of the present invention;
图2是一种用于超灵敏原子磁力计的主动式磁补偿方法所使用的磁补偿装置结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the magnetic compensation device used in the active magnetic compensation method for ultra-sensitive atomic magnetometer;
1-亥姆霍兹线圈；2-测磁单元；3-支撑台；4-无磁旋转台。1-Helmholtz coil; 2-magnetic measuring unit; 3-supporting platform; 4-non-magnetic rotating platform.
图3是补偿前测得磁场结果示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field results measured before compensation;
图4是进行磁补偿后测得磁场结果示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field results measured after magnetic compensation.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了便于本领域普通技术人员理解和实施本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述，应当理解，此处所描述的实施示例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to facilitate those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the implementation examples described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
如图2所示，一种主动式磁补偿装置，包括亥姆霍兹线圈1、测磁单元2、支撑台3、和无磁旋转台4。As shown in FIG. 2 , an active magnetic compensation device includes a Helmholtz coil 1 , a magnetic measuring unit 2 , a supporting platform 3 , and a non-magnetic rotating platform 4 .
亥姆霍兹线圈1用于产生均匀磁场，补偿外界环境中的磁场噪声。The Helmholtz coil 1 is used to generate a uniform magnetic field to compensate magnetic field noise in the external environment.
测磁单元2用于实时测量外界环境中磁场及磁场噪声。The magnetic measuring unit 2 is used to measure the magnetic field and magnetic field noise in the external environment in real time.
支撑台3用于将测磁单元2支撑，并固定在测磁单元2上。The supporting platform 3 is used to support the magnetic measuring unit 2 and fix it on the magnetic measuring unit 2 .
无磁旋转台4用于实现测磁单元2测量环境中磁场与磁场噪声的分布，从而确定最佳磁补偿参数。The non-magnetic rotating table 4 is used to realize the distribution of the magnetic field and magnetic field noise in the environment measured by the magnetic measuring unit 2, so as to determine the optimal magnetic compensation parameters.
如图2所示，测磁单元2放置于亥姆霍兹线圈1中心位置，本实施例中，亥姆霍兹线圈1边长L为400mm，线圈间距D为218mm。测磁单元2通过支撑台3底端螺纹固定在无磁旋转台4上，亥姆霍兹线圈1与无磁旋转台4之间使用特氟龙螺钉紧密连接与固定。As shown in FIG. 2 , the magnetic measuring unit 2 is placed at the center of the Helmholtz coil 1 . In this embodiment, the side length L of the Helmholtz coil 1 is 400 mm, and the coil spacing D is 218 mm. The magnetic measuring unit 2 is screwed on the non-magnetic rotating table 4 through the bottom end of the supporting table 3, and the Helmholtz coil 1 and the non-magnetic rotating table 4 are tightly connected and fixed with Teflon screws.
如图1所示，计算机与DAC转换单元的输入端连接，DAC转换单元的输出端与压控电流源的输入端连接，压控电流源的输出端与亥姆霍兹线圈1连接，测磁单元2的输出端与ADC转换单元的输入端连接，ADC转换单元的输出端与计算机连接。As shown in Figure 1, the computer is connected to the input end of the DAC conversion unit, the output end of the DAC conversion unit is connected to the input end of the voltage-controlled current source, the output end of the voltage-controlled current source is connected to the Helmholtz coil 1, and the magnetism measurement The output end of the unit 2 is connected with the input end of the ADC conversion unit, and the output end of the ADC conversion unit is connected with the computer.
一种用于超灵敏原子磁力计的主动式磁补偿方法，包括以下步骤：An active magnetic compensation method for an ultrasensitive atomic magnetometer comprising the following steps:
步骤1、计算机控制DAC转换单元输出线性变化电压Vlin，线性变化电压Vlin经过压控电流源模块作用于亥姆霍兹线圈1，测磁单元2放置于亥姆霍兹线圈1中心位置，测磁单元2测得磁场值Bmag导入计算机，通过线性拟合，得到磁场值Bmag与线性变化电压Vlin满足Bmag＝k*Vlin+a关系，k与a分别表示磁场值Bmag与线性变化电压Vlin拟合的斜率与截距；Step 1. The computer controls the DAC conversion unit to output a linearly varying voltage V lin , and the linearly varying voltage V lin acts on the Helmholtz coil 1 through the voltage-controlled current source module, and the magnetic measuring unit 2 is placed at the center of the Helmholtz coil 1 . The magnetic field value B mag measured by the magnetic measuring unit 2 is imported into the computer, and through linear fitting, the magnetic field value B mag and the linearly varying voltage V lin are obtained to satisfy the relationship of B mag =k*V lin +a, and k and a respectively represent the magnetic field value B mag The slope and intercept fitted with the linearly varying voltage Vlin ;
步骤2、设定无磁旋转台4的旋转速度，亥姆霍兹线圈1和测磁单元2随着无磁旋转台4在水平面内旋转。测磁单元2实时测量磁场，获取环境磁场分布数据范围，设定DAC转换单元的输出电压范围＝(环境磁场分布数据范围-a)/k，设定阻尼因子、采样率。Step 2. Set the rotation speed of the non-magnetic rotating table 4 , and the Helmholtz coil 1 and the magnetic measuring unit 2 rotate in the horizontal plane along with the non-magnetic rotating table 4 . The magnetic measuring unit 2 measures the magnetic field in real time, obtains the data range of the environmental magnetic field distribution, sets the output voltage range of the DAC conversion unit=(environmental magnetic field distribution data range-a)/k, and sets the damping factor and sampling rate.
步骤3、亥姆霍兹线圈1不通入电流；Step 3, the Helmholtz coil 1 does not pass current;
步骤4、测磁单元2测量磁场值BN，磁场值BN包括工频磁场噪声aN和静态磁场噪声bN，其中，N表示步骤4和步骤5的当前循环的次数；Step 4, the magnetic field measurement unit 2 measures the magnetic field value B N , and the magnetic field value B N includes power frequency magnetic field noise a N and static magnetic field noise b N , wherein N represents the number of current cycles of steps 4 and 5;
BN＝aN+bN B N =a N +b N
步骤5、工频磁场噪声幅值|aN|与相位θN采用如下计算方法，其中Re为工频磁场噪声aN进行频谱变换后的实部，Im为工频磁场噪声aN进行频谱变换后的虚部，f表示需要补偿的工频磁场噪声aN的频率，n表示采样总数，fs表示采样率，表示i∈{0～(n-1)}；Step 5, power frequency magnetic field noise amplitude |a N | and phase θ N are calculated using the following method, where Re is the real part of power frequency magnetic field noise a N after spectral transformation, and Im is power frequency magnetic field noise a N after spectral transformation After the imaginary part, f represents the frequency of power-frequency magnetic field noise a N that needs to be compensated, n represents the total number of samples, fs represents the sampling rate, and represents i∈{0～(n-1)};
步骤6、DAC转换单元输出补偿电压V′N给压控电流源模块，N＝0时，即初始值的补偿电压V′0为0，vN为静态磁场噪声输出补偿电压，VN为工频磁场噪声输出补偿电压，静态磁场噪声初始输出补偿电压v0与工频磁场噪声初始输出补偿电压V0均为0，k表为步骤1获得的磁场值Bmag与线性变化电压Vlin拟合的斜率，阻尼因子(damping)设定为0.6，主要用于减少磁补偿后低频磁场噪声。Step 6. The DAC conversion unit outputs the compensation voltage V′ N to the voltage-controlled current source module. When N=0, the compensation voltage V′ 0 of the initial value is 0, v N is the static magnetic field noise output compensation voltage, and V N is the working voltage. The output compensation voltage for frequency magnetic field noise, the initial output compensation voltage v 0 for static magnetic field noise and the initial output compensation voltage V 0 for power frequency magnetic field noise are both 0 , and the table k is the fitting of the magnetic field value B mag obtained in step 1 and the linearly varying voltage V lin The slope of , and the damping factor (damping) is set to 0.6, which is mainly used to reduce the low-frequency magnetic field noise after magnetic compensation.
W′N＝vN+yN W′ N ＝v N +y N
从步骤5可以获知aN为按采样点序号排列的一系列的值，从步骤6获知补偿电压V′N也是按输出序号排列的一系列的值，且采样点序号与输出序号一一对应关联。步骤5中的t设定为采样点序号与对应关联的输出序号之间的时间差。From step 5, it can be known that a N is a series of values arranged according to the serial number of the sampling point, and from step 6, it is known that the compensation voltage V' N is also a series of values arranged according to the output serial number, and the serial number of the sampling point is associated with the output serial number one by one . t in step 5 is set as the time difference between the serial number of the sampling point and the corresponding associated output serial number.
步骤7、重复步骤4～6操作，最终实现外界环境中磁场噪声的实时补偿。完成以上步骤后，暂停磁补偿操作并导出补偿后磁场数据，结果如图4所示，并将其与如图3所示的补偿前磁场数据进行对比。可以得出以下结论，该补偿方法实现静态与工频磁场噪声极大衰减，静态与工频磁场噪声分别衰减40与20dB。Step 7. Repeat steps 4 to 6 to finally realize real-time compensation of magnetic field noise in the external environment. After completing the above steps, suspend the magnetic compensation operation and export the magnetic field data after compensation, the result is shown in Figure 4, and compared with the magnetic field data before compensation shown in Figure 3. The following conclusions can be drawn, the compensation method achieves a great attenuation of static and power frequency magnetic field noise, and the static and power frequency magnetic field noise are attenuated by 40dB and 20dB respectively.
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definition of the appended claims range.
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