CN110568217B - Device and method for testing propagation speed of combustion-detonation wave front - Google Patents
Device and method for testing propagation speed of combustion-detonation wave front Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the propagation speed of a combustion-detonation wave front, wherein the device comprises a sample tube, an igniter, an ignition power supply, a high-speed camera, a portable computer and the like, a row of through micropores with the same size are uniformly distributed on the wall of the sample tube, the initial process of flame spraying of each micropore after ignition and combustion is shot at a high speed, the moment when the first frame of flame appears in each micropore is recorded, and the average speed of the wave front in a specific area during propagation in the sample tube can be obtained by utilizing the distance between adjacent micropores and the time difference when the first frame of flame appears. The testing device and the testing method effectively eliminate the influence of inaccurate timing or disordered time sequence on the measuring result caused by the individual difference of the probes in the ionization probe speed measuring method, and have the characteristics of quick response, high testing precision and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosives and powders, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the propagation speed of a combustion-to-detonation wave front.
Background
The process of converting the combustion of the explosive into the detonation is very complex, and the severe chemical and physical reactions of multiple stages cause the propagation speed of the wave front to undergo magnitude change in a very short time.
Wave front propagation speed research in the process of converting combustion of explosives and powders into detonation is generally carried out in a metal sample tube, the metal sample tube has high strength, the tube wall is not easy to deform, and the conversion from combustion to detonation is easy to realize. The ionization probe speed measurement method is a commonly used test means in the domestic detonation field at present, and the principle of the method is as follows: when the explosive or powder burns or explodes, certain ionization products are generated on the wave front, when the wave front is transmitted to the position of the coaxial ionization probe, the probe is conducted to generate a voltage pulse signal, the arrival time of the voltage pulse is recorded, and the transmission speed of the wave front is calculated according to the distance between adjacent probes and the arrival time difference of the voltage pulse.
For the ionization probe speed measurement method, because the ionization probe needs manual welding, no operation specification can be followed at present, and calibration cannot be carried out. The quality and response time of the probe have individual difference and are unavoidable, and the individual difference of the probe causes inaccurate timing or disordered timing, so that the measurement result is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the propagation speed of a combustion-detonation wave front, which are used for solving the technical problem of how to eliminate the influence of inaccurate timing or disordered time sequence on a measurement result caused by individual difference of probes in an ionization probe speed measurement method.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a device for testing the propagation speed of a combustion-to-detonation wave front, which comprises a sample tube, an igniter, a high-speed camera, an ignition power supply and a portable computer, wherein the sample tube is connected with the igniter; the sample tube comprises an ignition end plug and a bottom plug, and a row of through micropores with the same aperture are uniformly distributed on the tube wall of the sample tube; the ignition end plug is a bolt-shaped plug with a through hole axially formed in the middle, an annular groove is formed in the side of the plug, threads are formed on two sides of the groove, and the ignition end plug is fixed to the head of the sample tube through a small fastening bolt; the head of the sample tube is provided with a plurality of through holes which are symmetrically distributed along the axis and used for installing a plurality of small fastening bolts of the ignition end plugs; the bottom plug is of a disc structure and is welded at the bottom of the sample tube; a test sample is arranged in the sample tube; the ignition tool is a black powder ignition cartridge bag, an electric ignition head is arranged in the ignition cartridge bag, the ignition tool is placed at the head part of the sample tube, and an ignition lead penetrates out of an axial through hole of the ignition end plug; the high-speed camera works in a visible light wave band, has an external trigger function, and is used for recording the image of the sample tube; the ignition power supply provides a current source for the ignition tool and outputs a synchronous trigger signal for the high-speed camera; the portable computer is used for controlling the high-speed camera and has the functions of high-speed image acquisition, data processing and terminal display.
Furthermore, the ignition end plug and the bottom plug are made of high-quality carbon steel.
Further, the test sample is a powder, granular flake or columnar explosive sample.
Further, the test specimen is charged by free-loading or casting.
Further, the maximum frame frequency of the high-speed camera is not less than 2 x 105Frame/second, maximum frame rate and maximum resolution, and the storage time is not less than 0.1 s.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for testing the propagation speed of the combustion-to-detonation wave front, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
s1, test preparation, including:
a) erecting a high-speed camera and connecting the high-speed camera with a portable computer; starting up and debugging the placing position and the lens parameters of the high-speed camera so that the high-speed camera can shoot the whole body of the sample tube; fixing the position and lens parameters of the high-speed camera;
b) the head of the sample tube is used as a point for marking the position of each micropore, and the distance delta x between all adjacent micropores is measured and recorded in sequencei＝xi+1－xiWherein x isiThe position of the ith micropore, i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores; loading a sample tube into a test sample, penetrating an ignition lead out of an axial through hole of an ignition end plug, and installing the ignition end plug; horizontally placing the sample tube on the supporting table and the evidence plate, and ensuring that the through micropores are vertically upward;
c) connecting a signal wire of a trigger signal output end of the thermal power supply with an external trigger port of the high-speed camera; connecting an output end cable of the thermal power supply with an ignition lead;
s2, data testing, including:
d) setting a shutter, frame frequency and resolution of the high-speed camera;
e) shooting a frame of image by a high-speed camera, sequentially marking the number and the position coordinates of each micropore on the sample tube in the image, taking the image as a reference image after the image is finished, and storing the reference image;
f) starting an ignition power supply to ignite the test sample and synchronously triggering a high-speed camera to acquire images;
g) after the image acquisition is finished, storing the acquired images on a portable computer in an image sequence form;
s3, data processing, including:
i) in the test image sequence, the positions of all micropores are positioned by utilizing the reference image, the first frame image of flame above all micropores is searched, and the moment t is recordediWherein i is 1,2, … …, N, N is the number of micropores;
j) taking the time for starting the ignition power supply as the moment, sequentially calculating the difference value of the first frame moment when the flame appears in the adjacent micropores to obtain the propagation time delta t of the wave front between the adjacent microporesi＝ti+1－tiWherein t isiWhen the ith micropore generates the first frame of flame, i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores;
k) the average propagation velocity of the wavefront between the ith and (i + 1) th micropores can be expressed as: d ═ Δ xi/△ti。
Further, in step d), the shutter time is 0.5 × 10-5Second, frame rate 2 × 105Frame/second, the lateral resolution setting ensures that the full sample tube is taken, the longitudinal resolution is set to be the highest.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the propagation speed of a combustion-detonation wave front, wherein the device comprises a sample tube, an igniter, an ignition power supply, a high-speed camera, a portable computer and the like, a row of through micropores with the same size are uniformly distributed on the wall of the sample tube, the initial process of flame spraying of each micropore after ignition and combustion is shot at a high speed, the moment when the first frame of flame appears in each micropore is recorded, and the average speed of the wave front in a specific area during propagation in the sample tube can be obtained by utilizing the distance between adjacent micropores and the time difference when the first frame of flame appears. The testing device and the testing method effectively eliminate the influence of inaccurate timing or disordered time sequence on the measuring result caused by the individual difference of the probes in the ionization probe speed measuring method, and have the characteristics of quick response, high testing precision and convenient operation.
The advantages of the invention are embodied in particular in that:
(1) and recording the moment of the first frame of flame appearing in each micropore by adopting a high-speed camera, and acquiring the propagation speed of the wave front in a specific area by utilizing the distance between adjacent micropores and the time difference of the first frame of flame appearing in the adjacent micropores. The invention effectively eliminates the influence of inaccurate timing or disordered time sequence on the measurement result caused by individual difference of the probe in the ionization probe speed measurement method, and has the characteristics of quick response, high test precision and convenient operation;
(2) the microwells of the present invention are much smaller than the probe pore size (the former is typically 2.5mm, the latter is 1.0 mm). The influence of the micro-hole on the structural strength of the sample tube and the pressure intensity in the sample tube is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample tube and a charging structure in a testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a field layout of a testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present embodiment provides a device for testing a propagation velocity of a detonation wave front during combustion, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device mainly includes a sample tube 2, an igniter 6, a high-speed camera 11, an ignition power supply 13, and a portable computer 12. The sample tube 2 comprises an ignition end plug 1 and a bottom plug 5, the materials of the sample tube are all high-quality carbon steel, the length of a tube body of the sample tube 2 is 1200mm, the inner diameter of the tube body is 40mm, and the wall thickness of the tube body is 9 mm; a row of through micropores 3 with the aperture of 1mm are uniformly distributed on the tube wall of the sample tube 2, and the number of the through micropores 3 is 10; the ignition end plug 1 is a bolt-shaped plug with a through hole with the diameter of 2mm axially formed in the middle, an annular groove with the width of 9mm and the depth of 1.5mm is formed in the side of the plug, threads with the height of 15.5mm are arranged on two sides of the groove, and the ignition end plug 1 is fixed to the head of the sample tube 2 through a small fastening bolt 7; the head of the sample tube 2 is provided with 4M 8mm through holes which are symmetrically distributed along the axis and used for installing 4 small-sized fastening bolts 7 of the ignition end plug 1, and the distance between the through holes and the edge of the head of the tube body of the sample tube 2 is 20 mm; the bottom plug 5 is a disc with the diameter of 100mm and the thickness of 10mm and is welded at the bottom of the sample tube 2; the test sample 4 in the sample tube 2 is a granular explosive sample and is charged in a free filling mode.
The igniter 6 is a black powder ignition charge, 3g of black powder conforms to GJB1056A, an electric ignition head is arranged in the ignition charge, and the ignition current is 5A. The ignition tool 6 is placed at the head of the sample tube 2 in a wrapped mode, and the ignition lead 8 penetrates out of the axial through hole of the ignition end plug 1.
A high-speed camera 11 working in visible light band with maximum frame frequency not less than 2 × 105The storage time is not less than 0.1s under the conditions of frame/second, maximum frame frequency and maximum resolution, and the external trigger function is realized.
The ignition power supply 13 provides a current source for the igniter 6, outputs a current 5A, and outputs a synchronous trigger signal for the high-speed camera 11.
And the portable computer 12 is used for controlling the high-speed camera 11 and has the functions of high-speed image acquisition, data processing and terminal display.
A test site arrangement comprising: the sample tube 2 is filled with a test sample 4 and an igniter 6 and then is horizontally placed on the supporting platform 9 and the witness plate, and the through micropores 3 are vertically upward; after the high-speed camera 11 is arranged on the safety protection partition plate 10, bullet-proof glass is arranged at the window of the safety protection partition plate 10; the ignition power supply 13 and the portable computer 12 are disposed in a secure area.
The testing method adopting the device for testing the propagation speed of the combustion-detonation wave front comprises the steps of test preparation, data testing, data processing and result expression. Wherein:
s1, test preparation, including:
a) erecting a high-speed camera 11 and connecting a portable computer 12; starting up to debug the placing position and the lens parameters of the sample tube so that the whole body of the sample tube 2 can be shot; fixing the position and lens parameters of the high-speed camera 11;
b) the head of the sample tube 2 is used as a 0 point for marking the position of each micropore, and the distance delta x between all adjacent micropores is measured and recorded in sequencei＝xi+1－xiWherein x isiThe position of the ith micropore, i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores; loading the sample tube 2 into a test sample 4, penetrating an ignition lead 8 out through an axial through hole of an ignition end plug 1, and installing the ignition end plug 1; horizontally placing the sample tube 2 on the support table 9 and the witness plate, and ensuring that the through micropores 3 are vertically upward;
c) connecting a signal line of a trigger signal output end of the thermal power supply 13 with an external trigger port of the high-speed camera 11; connecting an output end cable of the thermal power supply 13 with the ignition lead 8;
s2, data testing, including:
d) setting parameters of shutter, frame rate, resolution, etc. of the high-speed camera 11, in which the shutter time is 0.5 × 10-5Second, frame rate 2 × 105Frame/second, setting the transverse resolution to ensure that the whole sample tube is shot, and setting the longitudinal resolution to be the highest;
e) the high-speed camera 11 shoots a frame of image, the number and the position coordinates of each micropore on the sample tube 2 are marked in the image in sequence, and the image is used as a reference image and is stored after the marking is finished;
f) starting an ignition power supply 13 to ignite the test sample 4 and synchronously triggering the high-speed camera 11 to acquire images;
g) after the image acquisition is finished, storing the acquired images on the portable computer 12 in an image sequence form;
s3, data processing, including:
i) in the test image sequence, the positions of all micropores are positioned by utilizing the reference image, the first frame image of flame above all micropores is searched, and the moment t is recordediWherein i is 1,2, … …, N, N is the number of micropores;
j) taking the time for starting the ignition power supply 13 as the 0 moment, calculating the difference value of the first frame moment when the flames appear on the adjacent micropores in sequence to obtain the propagation time delta t of the wave front between the adjacent microporesi＝ti+1－tiWherein t isiWhen the ith micropore generates the first frame of flame, i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores;
k) the average propagation velocity of the wavefront between the ith and (i + 1) th micropores can be expressed as: d ═ Δ xi/△ti；
And S4, result expression, including:
when the sample tube 2 is used for the combustion-detonation transition test, the average propagation velocity of the wave front between the ith and (i + 1) th micropores can be expressed as: d ═ Δ xi/△tiWherein: delta xi＝xi+1－xi，xiAt the position of the ith pore,. DELTA.ti＝ti+1－ti，tiAnd i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores at the moment when the first frame of flame appears in the ith micropore.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A testing device for the propagation speed of a combustion-detonation wave front is characterized by comprising a sample tube, an igniter, a high-speed camera, an ignition power supply and a portable computer; the sample tube comprises an ignition end plug and a bottom plug, the sample tube is made of high-quality carbon steel, the length of a tube body of the sample tube is 1200mm, the inner diameter of the tube body is 40mm, the wall thickness of the tube body is 9mm, and a row of through micropores with the same pore diameter are uniformly distributed on the tube wall of the sample tube; the ignition end plug is a bolt-shaped plug with a through hole axially formed in the middle, an annular groove is formed in the side of the plug, threads are formed on two sides of the groove, and the ignition end plug is fixed to the head of the sample tube through a small fastening bolt; the head of the sample tube is provided with a plurality of through holes which are symmetrically distributed along the axis and used for installing a plurality of small fastening bolts of the ignition end plug; the bottom plug is of a disc structure and is welded at the bottom of the sample tube; the sample tube is internally provided with a test sample; the ignition device is a black powder ignition cartridge, an electric ignition head is arranged in the ignition cartridge, the ignition device is placed at the head of the sample tube, and an ignition lead penetrates out of an axial through hole of the ignition end plug; the high-speed camera works in a visible light wave band, has an external trigger function, and is used for recording the image of the sample tube; the ignition power supply provides a current source for the ignition tool and outputs a synchronous trigger signal for the high-speed camera; the portable computer is used for controlling the high-speed camera and has the functions of high-speed image acquisition, data processing and terminal display.
2. The test device of claim 1, wherein the test sample is a powder, granular tablet or column shaped test charge.
3. The test device of claim 2, wherein the test specimen is loaded in a free-loading or cast manner.
4. The test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high speed camera maximum frame rate is not less than 2 x 105Frame/second, maximum frame rate and maximum resolution, and the storage time is not less than 0.1 s.
5. A method for measuring the propagation velocity of detonation wave fronts of combustion-detonation, which is characterized by using the measuring device of any one of the preceding claims, and comprises the following steps:
s1, test preparation, including:
a) erecting a high-speed camera and connecting the high-speed camera with a portable computer; starting up and debugging the placing position and the lens parameters of the high-speed camera so that the high-speed camera can shoot the whole body of the sample tube; fixing the position and lens parameters of the high-speed camera;
b) the head of the sample tube is used as a point for marking the position of each micropore, and the distance delta x between all adjacent micropores is measured and recorded in sequencei＝xi+1－xiWherein x isiThe position of the ith micropore, i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores; loading a sample tube into a test sample, penetrating an ignition lead out of an axial through hole of an ignition end plug, and installing the ignition end plug; horizontally placing the sample tube on the supporting table and the evidence plate, and ensuring that the through micropores are vertically upward;
c) connecting a signal wire of a trigger signal output end of the thermal power supply with an external trigger port of the high-speed camera; connecting an output end cable of the thermal power supply with an ignition lead;
s2, data testing, including:
d) setting a shutter, frame frequency and resolution of the high-speed camera;
e) shooting a frame of image by a high-speed camera, sequentially marking the number and the position coordinates of each micropore on the sample tube in the image, taking the image as a reference image after the image is finished, and storing the reference image;
f) starting an ignition power supply to ignite the test sample and synchronously triggering a high-speed camera to acquire images;
g) after the image acquisition is finished, storing the acquired images on a portable computer in an image sequence form;
s3, data processing, including:
i) in the test image sequence, the positions of all micropores are positioned by utilizing the reference image, the first frame image of flame above all micropores is searched, and the moment t is recordediWherein i is 1,2, … …, N, N is the number of micropores;
j) at the starting pointThe time of the thermal power supply is taken as the moment, the difference value calculation is carried out on the first frame moment when the flames appear on the adjacent micropores in sequence, and the propagation time delta t of the wave front between the adjacent micropores is obtainedi＝ti+1－tiWherein t isiWhen the ith micropore generates the first frame of flame, i is 1,2, …, N-1, and N is the number of micropores;
k) the average propagation velocity of the wavefront between the ith and (i + 1) th micropores can be expressed as: d ═ Δ xi/△ti。
6. The test method of claim 5, wherein in the step d), the shutter time is 0.5 x 10-5Second, frame rate 2 × 105Frame/second, the lateral resolution setting ensures that the full sample tube is taken, the longitudinal resolution is set to be the highest.
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