CN110567871A - Friction experiment device, bearing mechanism, loading mechanism and friction experiment method thereof - Google Patents
Friction experiment device, bearing mechanism, loading mechanism and friction experiment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567871A CN110567871A CN201910669991.5A CN201910669991A CN110567871A CN 110567871 A CN110567871 A CN 110567871A CN 201910669991 A CN201910669991 A CN 201910669991A CN 110567871 A CN110567871 A CN 110567871A
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- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of friction experiments, in particular to a friction experiment device and a bearing mechanism, a loading mechanism and a friction experiment method thereof, wherein the friction experiment device comprises the loading mechanism and the bearing mechanism, the loading mechanism is provided with a positive pressure loading surface and a tangential force loading surface which are arranged in an L shape, the bearing mechanism is provided with a positive pressure loading surface and a tangential force loading surface which are arranged in the L shape, the loading mechanism can load two forces through the two loading surfaces simultaneously, the bearing mechanism can bear the two forces transmitted by the loading mechanism, and elastic cushion layers with the same elastic modulus are respectively arranged on the two loading surfaces, so that the direction of the loading force is consistent with the integral displacement direction of a test piece, stable loading is ensured, and sliding friction is realized; the friction experiment method is carried out by adopting the experiment device. This application has the convenient beneficial effect of applying normal pressure and tangential force to the test piece simultaneously through a loading mechanism when the friction experiment, saves experimental apparatus cost, improves the convenient degree of experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of friction experiments, in particular to a friction experiment device and a bearing mechanism, a loading mechanism and a friction experiment method thereof.
Background
in the friction experiment, generally pile up two test pieces on the plane, set up two pressure devices, one of them pressure device carries out vertical pressurization to the test piece, and another pressure device carries out horizontal push-and-pull to the test piece on upper portion, because needs two pressure devices, pressure device itself is bulky, with high costs, inconvenient two kinds of power of loading simultaneously during the experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a friction experiment device and a bearing mechanism, a loading mechanism and a friction experiment method thereof, so as to solve the problem that two forces are not convenient to load simultaneously in a friction experiment.
The embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a bearing mechanism of a friction experiment apparatus, which includes a bearing part, where the bearing part includes a positive pressure bearing surface and a tangential force bearing surface that are arranged in an L shape, the positive pressure bearing surface is provided with an elastic first cushion layer, the tangential force bearing surface includes a first region close to the positive pressure bearing surface and a second region far away from the positive pressure bearing surface, the second region is provided with an elastic second cushion layer, and the second cushion layer is provided with a strain gauge; the first pad layer and the second pad layer have the same modulus of elasticity.
This application sets up the structure into two loading faces that have the L shape through the bearing mechanism who will be used for friction experiment device, and set up first bed course and second bed course into the same elastic material of elastic modulus, this bearing mechanism is when bearing the normal pressure and the tangential force that are divided into by a loading force, can guarantee that the joint displacement direction of first bed course and second bed course is unanimous all the time with the application of force direction of loading force, thereby this bearing mechanism can bear the normal pressure that obtains by a loading force and two kinds of power of tangential force, the problem of two kinds of power of loading simultaneously is not convenient for in the solution friction experiment.
Moreover, the bearing mechanism provided by the application also has the advantages that after the loading force is removed, the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer are restored to deform to push the two test pieces to automatically return to the positions before the loading force is applied, the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer can be conveniently loaded for the second time, and the second cushion layer can realize the dislocation of the two test pieces again.
In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the bearing mechanism further includes a base and an adjusting component, the bearing portion includes a first carrier plate and a second carrier plate, the positive pressure bearing surface is formed on the first carrier plate, the tangential force bearing surface is formed on the second carrier plate, a corner of the bearing portion is rotatably connected to the base, and the adjusting component is used for adjusting an included angle between the first carrier plate and the base.
Through setting up the bearing part into the L shape structure that first carrier plate and second carrier plate fixed connection formed, and set up the base and be used for prescribing a limit to on the base with the corner of bearing part, and the corner of bearing part can rotate on the base, and set up the contained angle of adjusting part in order to adjust first carrier plate and base, thereby under the certain circumstances of loading force direction, the proportion of normal pressure and tangential force that the bearing part received (hereinafter referred to as "pressure shear ratio" for short in this application) can be adjusted to different proportions, so, one then can set up the inclination of first carrier plate according to the friction angle of material, two then can conveniently carry out the friction experiment of different pressure shear ratios.
in an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the adjusting assembly includes a first clamping strip, a second clamping strip, a first screw rod, a second screw rod, and a sleeve, wherein one end of the first screw rod is connected to the first clamping strip, one end of the second screw rod is connected to the second clamping strip, the sleeve is respectively in rotation fit with the first screw rod and the second screw rod, and at least one of the first screw rod and the second screw rod is in threaded connection with the sleeve;
The base is provided with a first clamping groove, a second clamping groove, a first clamping strip is used for being embedded in the first clamping groove to form a revolute pair, and a second clamping strip is used for being embedded in the second clamping groove to form a revolute pair.
The adjusting component is arranged to be a structure which can be extended or shortened by rotating the sleeve, the adjusting component is abutted between the first carrier plate and the base, and the angle between the first carrier plate and the base is adjusted when the length of the adjusting component is changed; and through set up first card strip at first screw rod tip, set up second card strip at second screw rod tip, first card strip can be at the first draw-in groove internal rotation on first support plate, and the second card strip can be at the second draw-in groove internal rotation on the base for first support plate and base whole atress are more balanced, can conveniently adjust the pressure and cut the ratio, can make the bearing part whole stable bear again.
In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, a third pad layer is disposed on the first region, and an elastic modulus of the third pad layer is smaller than an elastic modulus of the second pad layer.
Through set up the third bed course that elasticity modulus is less than the second bed course in first region, two test pieces are placed the back, can make two test pieces align as far as possible, more make things convenient for the preparation test piece, and do not influence the test piece on upper portion and remove for the test piece of lower part.
In an embodiment of the application, optionally, the base is provided with a protractor for determining an angle between the first carrier plate and the base.
Through setting up the protractor at the base, conveniently before the experiment begins according to the contained angle of pressure shear ratio setting between first support plate and the base, also conveniently verify the contained angle between first support plate and the base directly perceivedly after the experiment and confirm the pressure shear ratio.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a loading mechanism of a friction experiment apparatus, which includes a loading mechanism main body and a loading portion, where the loading portion is connected to an output end of the loading mechanism main body, and the loading portion includes a positive pressure loading surface and a tangential force loading surface that are arranged in an L shape.
By arranging the L-shaped loading part at the output end of the loading mechanism main body, when the output end applies force along the axial direction of the output end, the applied loading force is divided into positive pressure and tangential force through the L-shaped loading part and then applied to the test piece, so that two forces can be simultaneously loaded to the test piece at one time.
In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the loading part includes a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, the positive pressure loading surface is formed on the first pressing plate, the tangential force loading surface is formed on the second pressing plate, and a corner of the loading part is rotatably connected to the output end of the loading mechanism body.
Through setting up the loading portion into the L shape structure that first clamp plate and second clamp plate fixed connection formed to rotate the corner of loading portion with the output and be connected, thereby under the certain circumstances of loading force direction, the proportion of the pressure shear ratio that the loading portion applyed the test piece can be adjusted to different proportions, so, the pressure shear ratio can be adjusted according to the friction angle of material to one side, and the friction experiment that can conveniently carry out different pressure shear ratios is then carried out to two sides.
in an embodiment of the present application, optionally, a plurality of parallel linear loading ribs are respectively disposed on the positive pressure loading surface and the tangential force loading surface.
The load directly applied to the test piece by the positive pressure loading surface and the tangential force loading surface is uniform load, and after a plurality of parallel linear loading ribs are respectively arranged on the positive pressure loading surface and the tangential force loading surface, the linear loading ribs can simulate the condition of applying linear load to the test piece, so that the loading mechanism can carry out friction experiments under different load conditions.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a friction experiment apparatus, which includes the foregoing bearing mechanism and the foregoing loading mechanism.
The application provides a friction experiment device, by aforementioned bearing mechanism and the cooperation of aforementioned loading mechanism, it can be conveniently applys positive pressure and tangential force to the test piece simultaneously when the friction experiment.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a friction experiment method, which uses the foregoing friction experiment apparatus, and the friction experiment method includes:
The installation step: sequentially stacking a first test piece and a second test piece on the positive pressure bearing surface, so that the first test piece corresponds to a first area of the tangential force bearing surface, and the second test piece corresponds to a second area of the tangential force bearing surface; moving the loading part to enable the positive pressure loading surface and the tangential force loading surface to be respectively attached to the second test piece;
A loading step: applying a vertical preset loading force F to the second test piece through the loading mechanism0acquiring an acting force F acquired by the strain gauge;
and (3) data processing: using the formula μ ═ F0·sinα-F)/F0Cos α calculates the coefficient of friction μ, where α is the angle of the positive pressure bearing surface with the horizontal.
The friction experiment method is simple and fast to operate, only one installation step needs to be carried out, only one loading mechanism needs to be controlled during loading, positive pressure and tangential force can be simultaneously applied to the second test piece, and compared with an existing experiment method, the friction experiment method greatly saves operation time and improves experiment efficiency.
In an embodiment of the application, optionally, in the friction experiment method, after the loading step is completed, the loading force is unloaded, and after the first pad layer and the second pad layer are deformed back, the loading step and the data processing step are repeated, and the number of times of loading and the friction coefficient of each time are recorded.
According to the experimental method provided by the application, by using the experimental device, the two test pieces can automatically reset under the action of the first cushion layer and the second cushion layer after being unloaded, and can be directly loaded next time after the test pieces reset, so that the experimental efficiency is high; and two test pieces can dislocate again and take place the friction under the effect of second bed course, need not to operate and make it reset, because in some research experiments of fatigue evolution, often need carry out the friction of thousands of times, under this experimental approach, can make the friction number of times under the same loading number of times double for the experiment progress improves experimental efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction experiment device provided in an embodiment of the present application in a use state;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a base according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a main viewing angle of a base according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure of a main viewing angle of an adjustment assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of an internal structure of an adjustment assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 10-a carrying mechanism; 20-a loading mechanism; 30-a first test piece; 40-a second test piece; 50-friction interface; 100-a base; 110-a second card slot; 120-a protractor; 200-a carrier; 210-a first carrier; 211-positive pressure bearing surface; 212-a first card slot; 220-a second carrier plate; 221-tangential force bearing surface; 2211-first area; 2212-second area; 310-a first cushion layer; 320-a second underlayer; 321-strain gauges; 330-a third cushion layer; 400-a regulating component; 410-a first card strip; 411-a first screw; 420-a second card strip; 421-a second screw; 430-a sleeve; 500-a loading section; 510-a first platen; 511-positive pressure loading face; 520-a second platen; 521-tangential force loading surface; 530-linear loading ribs; 600-a loading mechanism body; 610-output terminal.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually put out when the product of the application is used, the description is only for convenience and simplicity, but the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description herein are only used for distinguishing between similar elements and are not intended to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like when used in the description of the present application do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The term "frictional interface" as used herein refers to the interface of two test pieces.
In this embodiment, the included angle α is equivalent to the included angle between the first carrier and the base.
Examples
The application provides a friction experiment device for obtain the coefficient of friction of material friction interface 50, it can solve among the prior art inconvenient problem of loading positive pressure and tangential force simultaneously.
The experimental device comprises a bearing mechanism 10 and a loading mechanism 20, wherein a test piece comprises a test piece group consisting of a first test piece 30 and a second test piece 40, and the test piece is placed on the bearing mechanism 10 and is positioned between the bearing mechanism 10 and the loading mechanism 20, as shown in fig. 1.
Also shown in fig. 1 are the orthogonal coordinate directions of the plane where the tangential force and the positive pressure are located, wherein the X direction is the direction of the tangential force and the Y direction is the direction of the positive pressure, and the friction interface 50 of the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40 is substantially parallel to the X direction in this embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the bearing mechanism 10, and the bearing mechanism 10 includes a bearing portion 200, a base 100 and an adjusting assembly 400.
The bearing part 200 is provided with a positive pressure bearing surface 211 and a tangential force bearing surface 221, which are arranged in an L-shape, that is, the positive pressure bearing surface 211 is substantially perpendicular to the tangential force bearing surface 221. The positive pressure bearing surface 211 is used for bearing a component force perpendicular to the friction interface 50, and the tangential force is used for bearing a component force parallel to the friction interface 50, or the component force borne by the positive pressure bearing surface 211 is perpendicular to the friction force between the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40, and the component force borne by the tangential force is parallel to the friction force between the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40.
The positive pressure bearing surface 211 is provided with a first cushion layer 310, and the first cushion layer 310 has elasticity.
The tangential force bearing surface 221 is divided into two regions, a first region 2211 and a second region 2212, the first region 2211 being closer to the positive pressure bearing surface 211 than the second region 2212, the second region 2212 being further from the positive pressure bearing surface 211 than the first region 2211. That is, the first and second regions 2211 and 2212 are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the positive pressure bearing surface 211, as shown in fig. 2. A second pad layer 320 is disposed on a second area 2212 of the tangential force bearing surface 221, and the second pad layer 320 has elasticity. A strain gage 321 is provided on the second pad layer 320 to collect the force provided by the second pad layer 320 to the second test piece 40.
Of the two bearing surfaces, the positive pressure bearing surface 211 is used for stacking a test piece, and the tangential force bearing surface 221 is used for abutting against one end of the test piece. Two test pieces of the same test piece group are stacked on the elastic first cushion layer 310, the first test piece 30 directly contacting the first cushion layer 310 tangentially abuts against the first region 2211, and the second test piece 40 on the upper portion tangentially abuts against the second cushion layer 320 provided in the second region 2212. When the second test piece 40 is subjected to the positive pressure and the tangential force at the same time, the first cushion layer 310 and the second cushion layer 320 are stressed and compressed, the two test pieces move towards the positive pressure direction at the same time, and the second test piece 40 also moves towards the tangential force direction at the same time, so that the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40 relatively move in a staggered manner to generate a friction force. In the friction test, the bearing part 200 can bear two forces at the same time. And by utilizing the characteristic that the first cushion layer 310 and the second cushion layer 320 are elastically deformed, after being unloaded, the two test pieces automatically recover to the initial positions before being loaded.
The carrier 200 includes a first carrier 210 and a second carrier 220, wherein the first carrier 210 and the second carrier 220 are fixedly connected to form an L-shaped structure, a positive pressure bearing surface 211 is formed on the first carrier 210, and a tangential force bearing surface 221 is formed on the second carrier 220.
As shown in fig. 2, a corner of the carrier 200, that is, a connection between the first carrier 210 and the second carrier 220, is rotatably connected to the base 100.
The rotation connection between the supporting portion 200 and the base 100 can be performed in various manners, for example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a rotating shaft is disposed on the base 100, and a slot connected to the rotating shaft is disposed on the supporting portion 200; alternatively, the first carrier 210 of the carrying part 200 is connected to the base 100 by a hinge.
An adjusting member 400 is disposed between the base 100 and the first carrier 210, and two ends of the adjusting member 400 respectively abut against the upper surface of the base 100 and the outer side of the first carrier 210, where the outer side of the first carrier 210 is the back surface of the positive pressure bearing surface 211.
When the supporting portion 200 is stressed, the adjusting assembly 400 supports the first carrier 210, so that an included angle α between the first carrier 210 and the base 100 is fixed. Therefore, the change in the length of the adjustment assembly 400 will cause the included angle α between the first carrier 210 and the base 100, which is shown in fig. 1 and will be referred to as the included angle α hereinafter.
The structure of the adjustment assembly 400 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of the adjustment assembly 400 in a front view, i.e., the view in fig. 1, and fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of the adjustment assembly 400 in a side view.
The adjustment assembly 400 includes a first clip strip 410, a second clip strip 420, a first screw 411, a second screw 421, and a sleeve 430.
wherein the sleeve 430 is respectively matched with the first screw 411 and the second screw 421 in a rotating way, and at least one of the first screw 411 and the second screw 421 is connected with the sleeve 430 in a threaded way. That is, the sleeve 430 can rotate on the first screw 411 and the second screw 421, and at least one of the first screw 411 and the second screw 421 is in threaded engagement with the sleeve 430.
When one is threadably engaged with sleeve 430, sleeve 430 may be rotated to approach or move away from the other along sleeve 430 to achieve an overall shortening or lengthening.
When the two screws are respectively matched with the screw threads of the sleeve 430, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the two ends of the sleeve 430 are respectively provided with reverse screw threads, the first screw 411 and the second screw 421 are respectively matched with the two ends of the sleeve 430, and when the sleeve 430 is rotated, the first screw 411 and the second screw 421 move towards or away from each other along the sleeve 430, so as to achieve overall shortening or lengthening.
The other end of the first screw 411 is substantially perpendicularly connected to the first clip strip 410, and the other end of the second screw 421 is substantially perpendicularly connected to the second clip strip 420.
referring to fig. 2, the first carrier 210 is provided with a first card slot 212, and referring to fig. 3 and 4, the base 100 is provided with a second card slot 110.
The first clamping strip 410 is embedded in the first clamping groove 212, the side surface of the first clamping strip 410 is configured to be an arc surface, and the inner wall of the first clamping groove 212 is configured to be an arc surface, so that the first clamping strip 410 and the first clamping groove 212 form a revolute pair.
The second clamping strip 420 is embedded in the second clamping groove 110, the side surface of the second clamping strip 420 is configured to be an arc surface, and the inner wall of the second clamping groove 110 is configured to be an arc surface, so that the second clamping strip 420 and the second clamping groove 110 form a revolute pair.
Because the first clamping strip 410 is disposed at the end of the first screw 411 to abut against the first carrier 210, and the second clamping strip 420 is disposed at the end of the second screw 421 to abut against the second carrier 220, the overall stress of the first carrier 210 and the base 100 is more balanced, the overall stress of the supporting portion 200 is more stable, and the supporting stability is improved.
To facilitate visual observation or setting of the included angle α, a protractor 120 is provided on the base 100. As shown in fig. 2, the protractor 120 is an arc protractor 120 fixed to the edge of the base 100, and the central angle of the protractor 120 is the same as the central angle of the included angle α.
For convenience of experiment, a third cushion layer 330 is disposed in the first area 2211 of the tangential force bearing surface 221, and the third cushion layer 330 is used for flatly cushion the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40, so that the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40 can have substantially the same size, and the test pieces can be manufactured conveniently. That is, the thicknesses of the first pad layer 310 and the second pad layer 320 in the natural state are substantially the same.
The elastic modulus of the third cushion layer 330 is smaller than that of the second cushion layer 320 so that the second test piece 40 can be dislocated with respect to the first test piece 30.
In this embodiment, to simplify the experiment and reduce the influence factors, the third pad layer 330 is made of a rigid material.
The structure of the loading mechanism 20 is shown in fig. 7. The loading mechanism 20 includes a loading mechanism main body 600 and a loading portion 500.
The loading mechanism body 600 is a conventional pressure loading machine and has an output end 610. The output direction of the output end 610 is vertically downward in this embodiment.
The loading portion 500 is connected to an output end 610 of the loading mechanism main body 600.
The loading part 500 is provided with a positive pressure loading surface 511 and a tangential force loading surface 521, both surfaces of which are arranged in an L-shape, that is, the positive pressure loading surface 511 is substantially perpendicular to the tangential force loading surface 521. The positive pressure loading surface 511 is used for loading a component force perpendicular to the friction interface 50, and the tangential force is used for loading a component force parallel to the friction interface 50, or the component force loaded by the positive pressure loading surface 511 is perpendicular to the friction force between the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40, and the component force loaded by the tangential force is parallel to the friction force between the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40.
The loading unit 500 decomposes the vertical downward force transmitted from the output terminal 610 into a tangential force in the X direction and a positive force in the Y direction, and transmits the resultant force to the second specimen 40.
The loading part 500 has a structure, see fig. 7, including a first pressing plate 510 and a second pressing plate 520. The first pressure plate 510 is fixedly coupled to the second pressure plate 520 to form an L-shaped structure, while the positive pressure loading surface 511 is formed on the first pressure plate 510 and the tangential force loading surface 521 is formed on the second pressure plate 520.
as shown in fig. 7, the corner of the loading part 500, that is, the connection between the first pressing plate 510 and the second pressing plate 520, is rotatably connected to the output end 610.
There are various ways of rotatably connecting the loading unit 500 and the output end 610, as long as the rotation axis of the loading unit 500 can be parallel to the rotation axis of the supporting unit 200. For example, as shown in fig. 7, the loading portion 500 is spherically hinged to the output end 610; or may be a pivot connection or the like.
The positive pressure loading surface 511 and the tangential force loading surface 521 in this embodiment are planes, and the force applied to the second test piece 40 is a uniform load.
in other embodiments, other types of loads can be loaded by arranging the two surfaces into other forms. For example, the positive pressure loading surface 511 and the tangential force loading surface 521 are configured as a concave-convex surface on which a plurality of convex stripes are formed in parallel distribution so that the loading part 500 can apply a linear load to the second specimen 40.
The convex strips on the positive pressure loading surface 511 and the tangential force loading surface 521 can be integrally formed or fixed in other manners. As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a plurality of linear loading ribs 530 distributed in parallel are fixed on the positive pressure loading surface 511 and the tangential force loading surface 521 to form a concave-convex surface.
The application provides a friction experiment device's implementation principle as follows:
It should be noted that, in a general friction experiment, the gravity of the test piece itself is small compared with the loading force provided by the loading mechanism main body 600, and in this embodiment, the gravity of the test piece is ignored.
Assume that the loading force provided by the loading mechanism body 600 in the present embodiment is F0The tangential force is Fx＝F0Sin α, then the positive pressure is Fy＝F0·cosα。
Then, the compression-shear ratio is Fy/FxThe compression-shear ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the included angle α between the first carrier 210 and the base 100.
The second specimen 40 arranged on top is subjected directly to a positive pressure and to a tangential force, in the tangential direction, FXThe sum of the force F collected for the strain gauge 321 and the friction force F, so that F is Fx-F, giving the coefficient of friction μ ═ F/Fy＝(F0·sinα-F)/F0·cosα。
In actual use, in order to improve the experimental precision and ensure the loading force F0The magnitude and direction of the force are not changed, and the combined displacement direction of the two test pieces and the loading force F are required to be changed0Are in the same direction. Tangential direction is setDisplacement in the direction of force is ΔxDisplacement in the positive pressure direction is ΔyThe direction of the resultant displacement and the loading force F are adjusted0If the directions of (1) are the same, Δ should be adjustedy/Δx＝cotα。
In this embodiment, the first cushion layer 310 and the second cushion layer 320 are made of soft rubber pads, and the third cushion layer 330 is made of hard rubber pads. It is known that the better the elasticity, the larger the elastic modulus, the less the rigidity.
If stiffness is used to characterize the modulus of elasticity, then the stiffness of first pad layer 310 is assumed to be K1The second cushion layer 320 has a rigidity of K2And the third pad layer 330 has a rigidity of K3. Needless to say, K3A value of greater than K1And K2。
Since the compression displacement of the first cushion layer 310 is equal to the displacement Δ in the positive pressure directionyThus, ay＝Fy/K3。
Since the compression displacement amount of the second pad 320 is equal to the displacement amount Δ in the tangential force directionxThus, ax＝Fx/K1。
Therefore, Δy/Δx＝cotα＝(Fy/K3)/(Fx/K1)＝cotα·K3/K1。
So K1＝K3Therefore, in the present embodiment, to maintain the loading force F0The elastic modulus of the first pad layer 310 and the second pad layer 320 are configured to be the same as the overall resultant displacement of the test piece, that is, the first pad layer 310 and the second pad layer 320 may be made of the same material.
The embodiment of the application also provides a friction experiment method, which is carried out by adopting the friction experiment device and is used for obtaining the friction coefficient between two materials.
the installation step:
the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40 are sequentially stacked on the positive pressure bearing surface 211, such that the first test piece 30 corresponds to the first area 2211 of the tangential force bearing surface 221, and the second test piece 40 corresponds to the second area 2212 of the tangential force bearing surface 221.
And adjusting the included angle alpha according to the compression-shear ratio required by the experiment, rotating the sleeve 430, observing the protractor 120, stopping rotating the sleeve 430 when the required angle is reached, and recording the value of the included angle alpha. In this embodiment, the adjustment range of the included angle α is 0 ° to 90 °.
Note that, due to the existence of the friction angle, the value of the included angle α may be set to a value equal to or greater than the friction angle. The friction angle refers to a critical angle at which the second specimen 40 can slide with respect to the first specimen 30.
Moving the loading part 500 to respectively attach the positive pressure loading surface 511 and the tangential force loading surface 521 to the second test piece 40; referring to fig. 1, the positive pressure loading surface 511 is attached to the second trial 40 parallel to the outer surface of the friction interface 50 and the tangential force loading surface 521 is attached to the second trial 40 generally perpendicular to the outer surface of the friction interface 50.
It should be noted that the contact surfaces of the first test piece 30 and the second test piece 40 shown in fig. 1 are rugged surfaces, which does not mean that they are also used in practical experiments, and fig. 1 is an example shown for facilitating understanding, and the contact surfaces of two materials in practical experiments may be flatter or rougher than those in fig. 1, and those skilled in the art should understand.
The positive pressure loading surface 511 and the tangential force loading surface 521 in this embodiment are respectively attached to the second test piece 40, and do not necessarily refer to complete attachment, but refer to the loading portion 500 moving vertically downward under the driving of the output end 610 of the loading mechanism body 600 until both surfaces contact the second test piece 40. When the surface of the second specimen 40 is not a flat plane, the two loading surfaces naturally do not have to be completely attached to the surface of the second specimen 40, as long as the transmission of the positive pressure and the tangential force is not affected. In the case of manufacturing a test piece before the experiment as in the present embodiment, all of the first and second test pieces 30 and 40 except the surfaces in contact with each other may be processed into flat surfaces, and the first and second test pieces 30 and 40 may be formed into substantially rectangular shapes.
A loading step:
Before the experiment, the loading mechanism body 600 and the strain gauge 3 were set21 are electrically connected to a computer to facilitate loading and unloading of the loading mechanism body 600 by the computer and to collect the loading force F0And the force F collected by the strain gauge 321. The electrical connection between the loading mechanism body 600, the strain gauge 321 and the computer is conventional, and those skilled in the art will understand that the detailed description is omitted here.
applying a vertical predetermined loading force F to the second specimen 40 by the loading mechanism 200And obtaining the acting force F collected by the strain gauge 321.
And (3) data processing:
Using the formula μ ═ F0·sinα-F)/F0Cos α calculates the friction coefficient μ.
Optionally, a plurality of friction experiments can be carried out to study the friction fatigue evolution research of the material. The friction fatigue evolution refers to the evolution process from roughness to smoothness of the contact surfaces of two test pieces due to the action of positive pressure and tangential force in the repeated friction process.
When the fatigue evolution experiment is carried out, after the installation step is completed, the loading step and the data processing step are repeatedly carried out for a plurality of times: after the first loading step is completed, the loading force is unloaded, and after the second pad layer 320 and the first pad layer 310 are restored and deformed, the next loading step is performed, and a data processing step can be synchronously performed in each unloading waiting and restoring process.
When friction fatigue evolution research is carried out, the loading times and the friction coefficient value obtained by each loading can be recorded, so that the relation between the friction times and the fatigue evolution can be observed conveniently.
optionally, the experimental raw material can be manufactured into a plurality of groups of test pieces, each group of test pieces adopts different compression-shear ratios to perform friction experiments, the same group of test pieces is loaded for multiple times to record the fatigue evolution process, and the fatigue evolution of the same material under different compression-shear ratios is researched by comparing the fatigue evolution conditions of the plurality of groups of test pieces.
The experimental device and the method can be used for simulating the interlayer damage fatigue evolution of the material. For example, in a material formed by compositely bonding two layers of materials, the interlayer bonding position is a weak part of the structure, so that the interlayer debonding damage is easy to occur (that is, the interlayer bonding is no longer firm or the interlayer cracks and separates), and in the embodiment, the complete interlayer debonding of the two layers of materials causes the upper layer and the lower layer to crack and separate.
When the materials are subjected to interlayer damage, namely, after the interlayer is completely debonded and separated, under the action of external tangential force, the contact state between the layers is changed from original conformal contact, namely, the protrusions and the recesses of the adjacent contact surfaces are mutually filled and embedded, into local contact with the points, so that the contact area is reduced, and at the moment, if positive pressure is applied, the contact part between the points and the points is subjected to overlarge stress due to the reduction of the contact area, so that the contact part is damaged. Under the combined and repeated action of the tangential force and the positive pressure, the raised contact part between the layers is slowly damaged and worn, so that the two contact surfaces slowly evolve from the initial state.
For the interlaminar damage, the damage degree and the roughness of the contact surface are correlated, the change of the roughness can be reflected and represented by the change of the friction coefficient, on the basis, the change of the relation between positive pressure and tangential force in the fatigue process is determined by adopting the experimental method, the change of the friction coefficient between layers is deduced, and the fatigue evolution law of the interlaminar damage can be researched. The research on the fatigue evolution rule of the material has important significance on the service life of the material.
The above evolution is not achieved by kicking on, and the test piece needs to be worn repeatedly for thousands of times, the experiment is generally carried out, the test piece needs to be operated to reset after one time of loading, then the next time of loading is carried out, two kinds of force need to be loaded independently during each time of loading, and the experiment is troublesome and takes a long time.
The application provides an experimental apparatus and method can once load and exert two kinds of power simultaneously, the test piece group still can automatic re-setting after the uninstallation, the convenient degree of experiment has been accelerated greatly, and the test piece group is at the in-process that resets, second test piece 40 still can remove for first test piece 30 under the effect of second bed course 320 once more, consequently the process that resets also is the process of secondary friction, once rubs twice so every loading, the number of times of friction increases at double, the experiment process has been accelerated greatly, the efficiency of experiment has been improved. Since the number of rubs is difficult to predict, calculating the coefficient of friction twice per rub is already very accurate for this experiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. The bearing mechanism of the friction experiment device is characterized by comprising a bearing part, wherein the bearing part comprises a positive pressure bearing surface and a tangential force bearing surface which are arranged in an L shape, an elastic first cushion layer is arranged on the positive pressure bearing surface, the tangential force bearing surface comprises a first area close to the positive pressure bearing surface and a second area far away from the positive pressure bearing surface, an elastic second cushion layer is arranged on the second area, and a strain gauge is arranged on the second cushion layer; the first pad layer and the second pad layer have the same modulus of elasticity.
2. The carrying mechanism of a friction testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carrying mechanism further comprises a base and an adjusting component, said carrying portion comprises a first carrier and a second carrier, said positive pressure carrying surface is formed on said first carrier, said tangential force carrying surface is formed on said second carrier, a corner of said carrying portion is rotatably connected to said base, and said adjusting component is used for adjusting an included angle between said first carrier and said base.
3. The carrying mechanism of the friction experiment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the adjusting assembly comprises a first clamping strip, a second clamping strip, a first screw rod, a second screw rod and a sleeve, wherein one end of the first screw rod is connected with the first clamping strip, one end of the second screw rod is connected with the second clamping strip, the sleeve is respectively in rotating fit with the first screw rod and the second screw rod, and at least one of the first screw rod and the second screw rod is in threaded connection with the sleeve;
The base is provided with a first clamping groove, a second clamping groove, a first clamping strip is used for being embedded in the first clamping groove to form a revolute pair, and a second clamping strip is used for being embedded in the second clamping groove to form a revolute pair.
4. The carrying mechanism of a friction experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a third cushion layer is disposed on the first region, and the elastic modulus of the third cushion layer is smaller than the elastic modulus of the second cushion layer.
5. The carrier of a friction testing device according to claim 2, wherein said base is provided with a protractor for determining an angle between said first carrier plate and said base.
6. The loading mechanism of the friction experiment device is characterized by comprising a loading mechanism main body and a loading part, wherein the loading part is connected to the output end of the loading mechanism main body, and comprises a positive pressure loading surface and a tangential force loading surface which are arranged in an L shape.
7. The loading mechanism of a friction experiment device according to claim 6, wherein the loading part comprises a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, the positive pressure loading surface is formed on the first pressing plate, the tangential force loading surface is formed on the second pressing plate, and a corner of the loading part is rotatably connected to the output end of the loading mechanism body.
8. The loading mechanism of a friction experiment device according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of parallel linear loading ribs are respectively disposed on the positive pressure loading surface and the tangential force loading surface.
9. A friction test device, comprising the carrying mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 5 and the loading mechanism of any one of claims 6 to 8.
10. A friction test method, characterized in that the friction test apparatus of claim 9 is used, comprising:
The installation step: sequentially stacking a first test piece and a second test piece on the positive pressure bearing surface, so that the first test piece corresponds to a first area of the tangential force bearing surface, and the second test piece corresponds to a second area of the tangential force bearing surface; moving the loading part to enable the positive pressure loading surface and the tangential force loading surface to be respectively attached to the second test piece;
A loading step: applying a vertical preset loading force F to the second test piece through the loading mechanism0acquiring an acting force F acquired by the strain gauge;
And (3) data processing: using the formula μ ═ F0·sinα-F)/F0Cos α calculates the coefficient of friction μ, where α is the angle of the positive pressure bearing surface with the horizontal.
11. The friction testing method according to claim 10, wherein the loading force is unloaded after the loading step is completed, and the loading step and the data processing step are repeated after the first pad layer and the second pad layer are deformed again, and the number of times of loading and the friction coefficient of each time are recorded.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113176202A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-27 | 河北瑞志交通技术咨询有限公司 | Interlayer bonding strength test system based on oblique shear force |
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