CN110567603B - Single ADC multipath temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO - Google Patents

Single ADC multipath temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110567603B
CN110567603B CN201910935934.7A CN201910935934A CN110567603B CN 110567603 B CN110567603 B CN 110567603B CN 201910935934 A CN201910935934 A CN 201910935934A CN 110567603 B CN110567603 B CN 110567603B
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port
voltage
singlechip
temperature
gpio
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CN110567603A (en
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杨俊杰
杨柳
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Jiangsu Jiuwei Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Jiuwei Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G01K7/18Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer
    • G01K7/20Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit
    • G01K7/206Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit in a potentiometer circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses a single ADC multichannel temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO (general purpose input/output) in the technical field of temperature monitoring circuits, which comprises a pt100 thermometer, a first voltage dividing resistor, a singlechip, a second voltage dividing resistor, an ADC (analog to digital converter) input port and a communication module, wherein the GPIO port of the singlechip comprises a GPIO0 port, a GPIO1 port, a GPIO2 port, a GPIO3 port and a GPIO4 port, and the GPIO1 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the singlechip are respectively and electrically connected with a group of pt100 thermometers; according to the invention, the output of each GPIO port for measuring the temperature firstly passes through a pt100 thermometer, then is connected in series to a second voltage dividing resistor of 100 ohms to the ground after being connected in parallel, the other GPIO0 is used as a reference voltage test port, the output of the GPIO port is firstly connected to a first voltage dividing resistor of 100 ohms, then is connected with other pt100 thermometers in parallel to the same second voltage dividing resistor of 100 ohms to the ground, the scheme is simple, the efficiency is extremely low, and the temperature measuring device is particularly suitable for occasions requiring single-point multipath simultaneous temperature measurement such as bus ducts and switch cabinets.

Description

Single ADC multipath temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature monitoring circuits, in particular to a single ADC multipath temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO.
Background
The application of temperature measurement is visible everywhere, and the high temperature alarm can prevent possible material loss, electrical appliance damage and even fire occurrence. In many cases, a plurality of temperature points may be measured at the same place. For example, bus ducts for transmitting power in high-rise buildings are usually provided with three live wires and one neutral wire, which are required to be subjected to temperature monitoring, otherwise, the junction of the bus ducts is very easy to damage, so that the service life of the bus ducts is shortened. A building usually needs several tens of joints, so that a plurality of temperature measuring devices are needed, the size of the testing equipment is large, and the popularization and the application of the bus duct temperature monitoring device are prevented due to high cost.
Usual ways of temperature measurement: firstly, analog thermometer measurement is adopted, and because the analog thermometer measurement is not a digital signal, the analog thermometer measurement cannot be directly transmitted; and secondly, a digital thermometer is directly used, temperature data is directly sent to the singlechip through an I2C interface, but the temperature data is difficult to directly contact with a measured point due to the fact that a temperature measuring chip which is mounted on a pcb is used. The price of the digital temperature chip is very high, and the cost is a primary consideration when single-point multipath temperature measurement is performed. When single-point multipath temperature measurement is applied, such as bus duct temperature monitoring, the most common method is that a pt100 thermometer or a pt1000 thermometer is adopted for each path of temperature measurement point, the temperature change is converted into voltage or current change, and then ADC sampling is carried out, and the result is sent to a singlechip.
If one ADC is used for each temperature measurement, four ADCs are required simultaneously in the case of busway applications. At present, most singlechips have one or two ADCs inside, so that two or more ADC chips are additionally mounted on a PCB, the number of ports of the singlechips and the ADCs is increased to a plurality of ports, and corresponding bias and single-ended/differential conversion circuits are added, so that the components of the PCB are obviously increased, the singlechip program is more complex, and the cost is increased by times.
Based on the above, the invention designs a single ADC multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single ADC multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO (general purpose input/output) so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an adopt single ADC multichannel temperature monitoring circuit of GPIO control, includes pt100 thermometer, first bleeder resistor, singlechip, second bleeder resistor, ADC input port and communication module, the singlechip includes an ADC input port at least, the GPIO port of singlechip includes GPIO0 port, GPIO1 port, GPIO2 port, GPIO3 port and GPIO4 port, the GPIO1 port, GPIO2 port, GPIO3 port and GPIO4 port of singlechip are electric connection respectively has a set of pt100 thermometer, the GPIO0 port of singlechip is GPIO0 reference voltage test port, GPIO0 reference voltage test port electric connection has first bleeder resistor, the other end of first bleeder resistor with four sets of after parallel connection between pt100 thermometer and the ADC input port with second bleeder resistor, the other end of second bleeder resistor is grounded, singlechip and communication module electric connection.
Preferably, the GPIO0 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the single-chip microcomputer and the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the single-chip microcomputer are all electrically connected with high resistance, the GPIO1 port of the single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with low resistance between the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the single-chip microcomputer, one end of the GPIO0 port high resistance of the single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the first voltage dividing resistor, the low resistance of the GPIO1 port of the single-chip microcomputer and the other ends of the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port high resistance of the single-chip microcomputer are respectively electrically connected with the corresponding pt100 thermometer, and pull-up resistors are respectively connected in parallel between the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the single-chip microcomputer and the GPIO0 port, the GPIO1 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the single-chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the resistance values of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor are 100 ohms.
Preferably, the communication module may adopt a short-range wired or wireless communication mode, where the short-range wired or wireless communication mode includes Zigbee, bluetooth, ethernet, optical fiber, etc., and may also adopt a long-range wireless communication mode including GPRS, loRa, NB-IoT, 4G/5G, etc., and may be integrated with a single chip microcomputer to form a same chip, or may also be a separate communication chip.
Preferably, the specific monitoring steps are as follows:
first, calibrate the temperature-voltage formula
Step1, selecting 4-10 temperature points at approximately the same interval, and recording voltage values measured by corresponding ADC;
step2, performing higher-order curve fitting according to the measured temperature and voltage parameter pair to generate a temperature and voltage formula;
step3, multiplying the voltage of the ADC input port by a corresponding power supply voltage correction coefficient, and then writing the voltage into the singlechip program;
second, measuring the temperature
And outputting 1.8V voltage at each GPIO port according to the program flow of the singlechip, measuring corresponding ADC voltage output value, and calculating temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the output of each GPIO port for measuring temperature is firstly connected in series to a second voltage dividing resistor of 100 ohms to the ground after passing through a pt100 thermometer, the other GPIO0 is used as a reference voltage test port, the output of the GPIO port is firstly connected to a first voltage dividing resistor of 100 ohms, then the other GPIO port is connected in parallel to the same second voltage dividing resistor of 100 ohms to the ground with the other pt100 thermometer, the voltage dividing points are directly connected to the ADC input port, thus the input of a single ADC is actually connected with the voltage dividing output of a plurality of GPIOs, in addition, according to a singlechip program, each GPIO port is sequentially operated, the GPIO outputs high level 1.8V during operation, the rest of the GPIOs are in a high-resistance floating state, the temperature value monitored by each path can be calculated from the result of ADC alternate sampling, the scheme is simple, the cost is extremely low, and the GPIO port is particularly suitable for occasions requiring multiple paths for measuring temperature simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single ADC multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-ideal circuit model for GPIO port voltage division measurement according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a high-order fit plot of the temperature-voltage relationship obtained from the calibration process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of calibration and measurement of single ADC multi-channel temperature monitoring according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
101-pt100 thermometer, 102-first divider resistor, 103-singlechip, 104-second divider resistor, 105-ADC input port, 106-communication module, 201-pull-up resistor, 202-high resistance, 203-low resistance.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides an adopt single ADC multichannel temperature monitoring circuit of GPIO control, including pt100 thermometer 101, first bleeder resistor 102, singlechip 103, second bleeder resistor 104, ADC input port 105 and communication module 106, singlechip 103 includes an ADC input port 105 at least, the GPIO port of singlechip 103 includes GPIO0 port, GPIO1 port, GPIO2 port, GPIO3 port and GPIO4 port, the GPIO1 port of singlechip 103, GPIO2 port, GPIO3 port and GPIO4 port respectively electric connection have a set of pt100 thermometer 101, the GPIO0 port of singlechip 103 is GPIO0 reference voltage test port, GPIO0 reference voltage test port electric connection has first bleeder resistor 102, connect in parallel between four sets of pt100 thermometers 101 and ADC input port 105 and second bleeder resistor 104 in series, the other end ground of second bleeder resistor 104, singlechip 103 and communication module 106 electric connection.
The GPIO0 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port, the GPIO4 port and the GPIO4 port of the single-chip microcomputer 103 are electrically connected with a high resistor 202, the GPIO1 port of the single-chip microcomputer 103 is electrically connected with a low resistor 203 between the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the single-chip microcomputer 103, one end of the GPIO0 port high resistor 202 of the single-chip microcomputer 103 is electrically connected with a first voltage dividing resistor 102, the GPIO1 port low resistor 203 of the single-chip microcomputer 103 is electrically connected with the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port high resistor 202 of the single-chip microcomputer 103 respectively, and pull-up resistors 201 are respectively connected in parallel between the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the single-chip microcomputer 103 and the GPIO0 port, the GPIO1 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the single-chip microcomputer 103.
The resistance values of the first voltage dividing resistor 102 and the second voltage dividing resistor 104 are 100 ohms.
The communication module 106 may adopt a short-range wired or wireless communication mode, including Zigbee, bluetooth, ethernet, optical fiber, etc., or a long-range wireless communication mode, including GPRS, loRa, NB-IoT, or 4G/5G, etc., and may be the same chip integrated with a single chip microcomputer, or may be a separate communication chip.
The specific monitoring steps are as follows:
first, calibrate the temperature-voltage formula
Step1, selecting 4-10 temperature points at approximately the same interval, and recording voltage values measured by corresponding ADC;
step2, performing higher-order curve fitting according to the measured temperature and voltage parameter pair to generate a temperature and voltage formula;
step3, multiplying the voltage of the ADC input port 105 by a corresponding power supply voltage correction coefficient, and then writing the voltage into a singlechip 103 program;
second, measuring the temperature
And outputting 1.8V voltage at each GPIO port according to the program flow of the singlechip 103, measuring the corresponding ADC voltage output value, and calculating the temperature.
One specific application of this embodiment is:
the output of each GPIO port (GPIO 1-GPIO 4) for measuring temperature is firstly passed through a pt100 thermometer 101, then is connected in parallel and then is connected in series to a 100 ohm second voltage dividing resistor 104 to the ground. The other GPIO0 serves as a reference voltage test port, the output of which is connected to a first 100 ohm divider resistor 102 and then to the same 100 ohm second divider resistor 104 in parallel with the other pt100 thermometer 101 to ground. Wherein the voltage division point is directly connected to the ADC input port 105. Such that the input of a single ADC is actually connected to the divided outputs of multiple GPIOs.
In addition, according to the singlechip program, each GPIO port works in turn, the GPIO outputs high level 1.8V when in work, and the rest of the non-working GPIOs enter a high-resistance floating state. The temperature value monitored by each path can be calculated from the result of ADC sampling in turn.
The GPIO0 reference voltage test port is used for detecting the change of the GPIO voltage under non-ideal conditions (singlechip process, power supply voltage and temperature) and compensating the change to the calculation process of the other temperature measuring GPIO ports. Because the GPIO voltage of the single-chip microcomputer is usually the I/O voltage generated by the same voltage source or LDO, if the voltage of GPIO0 changes, the rest GPIO port voltages will also change similarly.
The process of calculating the temperature value monitored by each path from the sampling result of the ADC comprises the following steps: firstly, voltage values of ADC samples corresponding to different temperature points (which are selected at approximately the same intervals until the whole temperature measuring range is covered) measured by a high-precision thermometer on each path of GPIO ports are used for generating a high-order fitting curve for calculating a final temperature value, so that the influence of some nonlinear factors in a test circuit is accurately considered. And the temperature measurement result is generated by a temperature value corresponding to the voltage point tested by the ADC in the fitting curve.
Typically, GPIO ports have pull-up (pull-up) or pull-down resistors (pull-down), and a circuit model of the GPIO port will be described below by taking all GPIO connection pull-up resistors as an example. As shown in fig. 2, each GPIO port and the I/O power supply voltage VIO are either in a conductive (low resistance 203 is connected, typically only a few ohms or tens of ohms) state or in a floating (high resistance 202 is connected, typically megaohms) state. In addition, each GPIO port is connected to the I/O power supply through a pull-up resistor 201, typically tens of Kohms for the pull-up resistor 201. When GPIO1 enters the measurement state, GPIO1 port and I/O power are in conductive low-resistance connection, and the other four GPIO ports (GPIO 0, GPIO 2-GPIO 4) are all in floating high-resistance connection state. This means that the ADC input voltage is now mainly affected by the low-resistance connection between GPIO1 and I/O power supply, while the high-resistance connection of the other GPIO port branches is only slightly affected.
Assuming that the pull-up resistance is 10 Kohm, the low resistance between the GPIO1 and the IO power supply voltage is 10 ohm when the GPIO1 is in the measuring state, and the resistances of other paths of GPIOs are equal when the GPIO1 port is in the measuring state, the following equation can be adopted
Vadc/100=(Vio-Vadc)/(10k+100)*4+(Vio-Vadc)/(100+10)
=(Vio-Vadc)/2525+(Vio-Vadc)/110
Where Vadc is the voltage of the ADC input port, vio is the IO supply voltage, the first term to the right of the above equation is the effect of the GPIO ports other than GPIO1 on the voltage of the ADC input port, and the second term is the effect of the GPIO1 port on the voltage of the ADC input port. It is clear that the first term is much smaller than the second term.
In the above formula, in order to estimate the influence of other branches, assuming that the resistance of pt100 is 100 ohms, in fact, the resistance of pt100 varies linearly with temperature, and the variation coefficient is typically α= 0.00392/C, the relationship of the resistance Rpt100 of pt100 thermometer with temperature variation T is rpt100=100+0.00392×t
The first term is removed according to the previous formula and calculated,
Vadc/100=(Vio-Vadc)/(Rpt100+10)
=(Vio-Vadc)/(110+0.00392*T)
this is the one-to-one correspondence between the temperature of each GPIO branch and the input voltage to the ADC port.
According to the principle, when the GPIO1 is in the temperature measuring state, the voltage of the input port of the ADC is basically the linear partial pressure of the voltage of the IO port between the low resistance and the pt100 resistor and the grounding 100 ohm resistor. Of course, the magnitude of this partial voltage is also affected by the IO supply voltage. The latter calibration algorithm will take this into account.
Assuming that the nonlinear relationship between temperature and voltage can be represented by a higher-order fitted curve, to determine the coefficients of the higher-order fitted curve, a series of temperature points are first selected for actual measurement (at about the same temperature interval), and the voltage values of the corresponding ADCs are recorded. After a series of temperature and voltage data are obtained in this way, fitting is performed, and a corresponding temperature and voltage curve can be obtained as shown in fig. 3.
Next, in order to take into account the influence of non-ideal characteristics of the monolithic chip itself, such as the deviation of the value of the generated IO voltage VIO from 1.8V caused by the process or temperature, the magnitude of this deviation of the IO voltage VIO from 1.8V is measured directly by GPIO0, for example, 1.7V, and then the next measured input voltage values of the ADC are multiplied by the corresponding power supply voltage correction coefficients 1.8/1.7, so that the ADC is converted into the corresponding voltage value measured by the ADC with the IO voltage of 1.8V being ideal when the IO voltage is not 1.8V.
After the data is processed, the higher-order fitting curve formula including the power supply voltage correction coefficient is written into a singlechip program to be used for acquiring the actual temperature.
As shown in fig. 4, the implementation flow of the single ADC multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is mainly divided into two parts:
(1) Calibrating a temperature voltage formula and writing a singlechip program;
A. and 5-15 temperature points are selected at approximately the same interval, and corresponding ADC measured voltage values are recorded.
B. And performing high-order curve fitting according to the measured temperature and voltage parameters to generate coefficients and formulas of a temperature and voltage high-order curve.
C. And multiplying the voltage of the ADC input port by a corresponding power supply voltage correction coefficient, and writing the temperature voltage high-order curve formula into a singlechip program.
(2) Actual temperature measurement
A. The singlechip program automatically outputs high level at each GPIO port in turn, reads corresponding ADC voltage output value, and automatically calculates and outputs temperature value.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides an adopt single ADC multichannel temperature monitoring circuit of GPIO control, includes pt100 thermometer (101), first bleeder resistor (102), singlechip (103), second bleeder resistor (104), ADC input port (105) and communication module (106), its characterized in that: the single chip microcomputer (103) at least comprises an ADC input port (105), wherein the GPIO port of the single chip microcomputer (103) comprises a GPIO0 port, a GPIO1 port, a GPIO2 port, a GPIO3 port and a GPIO4 port, the GPIO1 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the single chip microcomputer (103) are respectively and electrically connected with a group of pt100 thermometers (101), the GPIO0 port of the single chip microcomputer (103) is a GPIO0 reference voltage test port, the GPIO0 reference voltage test port is electrically connected with a first voltage dividing resistor (102), the other large end of the first voltage dividing resistor (102) is connected with four groups of pt100 thermometers (101) and the ADC input port (105) in series, the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor (104) is grounded, and the single chip microcomputer (103) is electrically connected with a communication module (106);
the GPIO0 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the singlechip (103) and the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the singlechip (103) are electrically connected with high resistance (202), the GPIO1 port of the singlechip (103) is electrically connected with low resistance (203) between the I/O power supply voltage VIO of the singlechip (103), one end of the GPIO0 port high resistance (202) of the singlechip (103) is electrically connected with the first voltage dividing resistor (102), the GPIO1 port low resistance (203) of the singlechip (103) and the other ends of the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port high resistance (202) of the singlechip (103) are respectively electrically connected with the GPIO0 port, the GPIO1 port, the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the corresponding singlechip (103) of the singlechip (103) in parallel with the GPIO 100 thermometer (101), and the pull-up resistor (201) between the GPIO2 port, the GPIO3 port and the GPIO4 port of the singlechip (103) respectively;
the communication module (106) adopts a short-distance wired or wireless communication mode or a long-distance wireless communication mode; the short-distance wired or wireless communication mode comprises Zigbee, bluetooth, ethernet or optical fiber; the long-range wireless communication mode comprises GPRS, loRa, NB-IoT or 4G/5G; the communication module (106) is the same chip integrated with the singlechip or is an independent communication chip.
2. The single ADC multiple channel temperature monitoring circuit using GPIO control of claim 1, wherein: the resistance values of the first voltage dividing resistor (102) and the second voltage dividing resistor (104) are 100 ohms.
3. The single ADC multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein the specific monitoring steps are as follows:
first, calibrate the temperature-voltage formula
Step1, selecting 4-10 temperature points at approximately the same interval, and recording voltage values measured by corresponding ADC;
step2, performing higher-order curve fitting according to the measured temperature and voltage parameter pair to generate a temperature and voltage formula;
step3, multiplying the voltage of the ADC input port (105) by a corresponding power supply voltage correction coefficient, and then writing the voltage into the singlechip (103);
second, measuring the temperature
Outputting 1.8V voltage at each GPIO port according to the program flow of the singlechip (103), measuring corresponding ADC voltage output value, and calculating temperature.
CN201910935934.7A 2019-09-29 2019-09-29 Single ADC multipath temperature monitoring circuit controlled by GPIO Active CN110567603B (en)

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