CN110565266A - Preparation method of hard carbon felt - Google Patents
Preparation method of hard carbon felt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110565266A CN110565266A CN201910875749.3A CN201910875749A CN110565266A CN 110565266 A CN110565266 A CN 110565266A CN 201910875749 A CN201910875749 A CN 201910875749A CN 110565266 A CN110565266 A CN 110565266A
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- felt
- carbon
- hard
- carbon fiber
- hard carbon
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
- D06C7/04—Carbonising or oxidising
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
- D06M15/41—Phenol-aldehyde or phenol-ketone resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a hard carbon felt, which comprises the following steps: s1, adopting short-cut pre-oxidized fiber as a selected net body, and carding and air-laying; s2, selecting phenolic resin with high carbon residue rate as a precursor; s3, selecting absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent; s4, laminating and relay needling the PAN pre-oxidized fiber web tire on a needling machine to a required thickness according to the process design. The hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt is prepared by using pre-oxidized fibers as raw materials, using the pre-oxidized fiber integrated felt obtained by relay needling as a prefabricated body and performing the processes of carbonization, impregnation, curing, graphitization and the like, wherein the density of the material has great influence on the mechanical property and the thermal property of the hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt, and the density of the hard carbon fiber integrated felt is only 0.16g/cm < 3 > 3 g, the thermal conductivity of the hard carbon fiber integrated felt at 1500 ℃ is 0.25 w/(m.k.), and the density of the hard carbon fiber integrated felt is lower than that of a cured felt formed by bonding a traditional soft carbon felt and interlayers, so that the main performance of the hard carbon fiber integrated felt is superior to that of the traditional carbon felt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hard carbon felt production, in particular to a preparation method of a hard carbon felt.
Background
with the development of the photovoltaic industry, the demand of crystalline silicon is increasing day by day, and the demand of a heat shield serving as one of consumables of a crystalline silicon ingot furnace is also increasing continuously. The traditional heat insulating material has low use temperature (less than 1800 ℃), large pollution, difficult manufacture into a thin heat insulating layer and increased furnace body volume, thereby limiting the application of the heat insulating material in a crystal growth furnace. The carbon felt of the novel carbon thermal insulation material has become the most main thermal insulation material of the crystalline silicon ingot furnace due to the excellent performances of small thermal conductivity coefficient, low thermal capacity, small density, small linear expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, strong thermal shock resistance, strong chemical corrosion resistance, high purity, no pollution and the like.
The carbon fiber felt is a felt made of carbon fibers. The preparation method has broad adsorption spectrum and large capacity, the adsorption capacity to organic steam such as gasoline, aldehydes, phenols, alcohols, olefins and the like is several times to dozens of times larger than that of active carbon, and the adsorption to inorganic gas is good, and the carbon felt is used as a heat insulation material and generally needs certain thickness and strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method of a hard carbon felt.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A preparation method of the hard carbon felt comprises the following steps:
S1, adopting short-cut pre-oxidized fiber as a selected net body, and carding and air-laying;
S2, selecting phenolic resin with high carbon residue rate as a precursor;
S3, selecting absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent;
s4, laminating, relay and needling the PAN pre-oxidized fiber net blank on a needling machine according to the process design to the required thickness, obtaining a carbon fiber integral felt after different carbonization processes under the nitrogen condition, and cutting the integral felt into the required size;
s5, preparing an impregnation liquid with required concentration, and putting the cut carbon fiber integral felt into a container containing the impregnation liquid for impregnation;
s6, drying at low temperature, and then putting into an oven for segmented curing;
s7, carbonizing the solidified sample with resin;
And S8, finally, graphitizing under a vacuum condition to obtain the hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt sample.
preferably, the area density of the short-cut pre-oxidized fiber in S1 is (350 +/-10)/m 2.
Preferably, the impregnating solution in S5 is a phenolic resin solution.
Preferably, the cured sample in S7 is carbonized with resin under nitrogen at 1200 ℃.
preferably, the graphitization temperature in the S8 under the vacuum condition is 1800-2400 ℃.
the experimental net tire adopts chopped preoxidized fiber, is subjected to air-laid through carding, has the surface density of (350 +/-10)/m 2, adopts phenolic resin with high carbon residue rate as a precursor, adopts absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent, is laminated and relay needled on a needling machine according to the process design to the required thickness, obtains a carbon fiber integral felt through different carbonization processes under the condition of nitrogen, cuts the integral felt into samples with the size of 150mm multiplied by 45mm, prepares impregnation liquid with the required concentration, puts the cut samples into a container containing the impregnation liquid for impregnation, then puts into an oven for segmented solidification after low-temperature drying. The method comprises the steps of carbonizing resin of a cured sample under the condition of 1200 ℃ nitrogen, and finally carrying out graphitization treatment at 2000 ℃ under the vacuum condition to obtain a hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt sample.
Drawings
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a hard carbon felt according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
referring to fig. 1, a method for preparing a hard carbon felt includes the following steps:
Firstly, the selected net body adopts chopped preoxidized fiber which is carded and air-laid, the surface density of the chopped preoxidized fiber is (350 +/-10)/m 2, the preoxidized fiber can generate a series of physical and chemical changes in the carbonization process, the heat release and heat absorption processes are accompanied, the mass and volume of the fiber are obviously shrunk, the felt body consists of the fiber, the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is called preoxidized fiber or preoxidized filament for short, and the polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber is obtained by using polyacrylonitrile fiber as a raw material and carrying out high-temperature heat stabilization treatment, and has the advantages of high flame retardance, limited oxygen index of more than 45 percent, excellent thermal stability, no melting, no softening and shrinking of the fiber in combustion, no molten drop, belongs to a quasi-incombustible product, has good heat insulation effect, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, good chemical environment resistance and radiation resistance, has proper textile processing performance, and the fabric is light, soft and good in water absorption, meanwhile, the preoxidized fiber can be used for labor protection gloves, fireproof flame-retardant caps, escape ropes and woven belts to protect the personal safety of workers in special working environments, the fiber is a substance consisting of continuous or discontinuous filaments, plays an important role in maintaining tissues in animal and plant bodies, has wide application, can be woven into fine filaments, thread ends and hemp ropes, and can also be woven into a fiber layer when paper making or felt weaving is carried out; and the fiber shrinkage process is limited by other fibers intertwined with each other in the felt body, so that the shrinkage of the felt body is not completely consistent with the change condition of the fibers, and the shrinkage of the felt body is a relatively slow process.
secondly, the precursor is made of phenolic resin with high carbon residue rate, the solvent is made of absolute ethyl alcohol, and the sol-gel process comprises the following processes: the sol is prepared, the sol is gelated, the gel is dried, the dried gel is changed into an inorganic material (the heat treatment of the gel), the product prepared from the sol is a precursor, the absolute ethyl alcohol is colorless clear liquid, has special fragrance and easy flowing, can easily absorb moisture from the air, can be mutually dissolved with a plurality of organic solvents such as water, chloroform, ether and the like in any proportion, can form an azeotropic mixture (containing 4.43 percent of water) with water, the azeotropic point is 78.15 ℃, the relative density (d204) is 0.789, the melting point is-114.1 ℃, and the boiling point is 78.5 ℃. Refractive index (n20D)1.361, flash point when the cup is closed (the temperature when combustible gas is heated and volatilized from a container with a specified structure and air near the liquid surface are mixed to reach a certain concentration and can be ignited by sparks) is 13 ℃, the cup is flammable, the mixture of steam and air can form an explosive mixture, the explosion limit is 3.5-18.0% (volume), and the organic solvent has wide application, and is mainly used for carbonization processes in the aspects of medical treatment, cosmetics, sanitary products, grease and dyes.
Then, the PAN pre-oxidized fiber net blank is laminated and relay needled to the required thickness on a needling machine according to the process design, the carbon fiber integral felt is obtained after different carbonization processes under the condition of nitrogen, the integral felt is cut into the required size, the main purpose of needling is to introduce fiber bundles connecting the net blank layers and the layers, the fiber bundles are entangled with fibers in the net blank layer and mutually rubbed to form a prefabricated body with a 2.5d structure, generally, the larger the number of the fiber bundles and the larger the number of the fibers in the fiber bundles, the higher the density of the obtained prefabricated body, the needling machine is a carpet forming device for forming a refractory fiber carpet by compacting and needling a refractory fiber carpet blank with a certain thickness, the fiber net is repeatedly pierced by using a needle with a triangular or other-shaped cross section and a barbed hook on the edge, and the fiber net is formed by a cross-web forming machine or an air flow machine, when a plurality of felting needles penetrate into the fiber web, the felting hooks on the felting needles can drive the fibers on the surface and the sub-surface of the fiber web to move from the plane direction of the fiber web to the vertical direction of the fiber web, so that the fibers are displaced up and down, and the fibers displaced up and down extrude the fiber web to a certain extent, so that the fibers in the fiber web are close to each other and compressed.
then preparing an impregnating solution with required concentration, putting the cut carbon fiber integral felt into a container containing the impregnating solution for impregnation, wherein the impregnating solution is a phenolic resin solution, the density of a sample obtained after impregnation is higher along with the increase of the density of a prefabricated body, the phenolic resin is also called bakelite, also called bakelite powder, and is a colorless or tawny transparent substance, a colorant is usually added in the market for sale to form red, yellow, black, green, brown, blue and other colors, the phenolic resin has particles, powder, weak acid and weak base resistance, is decomposed when meeting strong acid, is corroded when meeting strong base, is insoluble in water, is dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone and alcohol, and is obtained by condensation polymerization of phenol aldehyde or derivatives thereof, the phenolic resin is yellow and dark brown liquid, the most important characteristic of the phenolic resin is high temperature resistance, and the structural integrity and the dimensional stability can be maintained even at very high temperature, phenolic resins are used in high temperature applications such as refractories, friction materials, adhesives and foundry industry;
Then, drying at low temperature, putting into an oven for segmented solidification, with the increase of solidification pressure, the density of the solidified sample is increased, because the porosity of the sample is higher, when the pressure is applied during solidification, the sample can be compressed to a certain degree to reduce the volume, so that the sample becomes more compact, under the premise of ensuring the smooth surface of the sample, the lower solidification pressure is selected to obtain the lower sample density, in addition, after the carbonization of resin and the high-temperature graphitization treatment, the density of the sample is reduced, the carbonization is that organic compounds are thermally decomposed into carbon and other products under the air isolation, and the compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (such as sugar) is dehydrated into carbon by using a strong water absorption agent (concentrated sulfuric acid), the carbonization method is also called as carbonization, the carbonization method comprises a plurality of hair scattering carbonization, wool strip carbonization, wool breaking carbonization, and decarburizing carbonization, the drying box is formed by welding after the formation of section steel and a thin plate, the structure is reasonable, the box body is attractive in appearance, the box body is firm and durable, a shelf and a trolley for a test article can be made in a working chamber, a heat insulation layer with good heat insulation is filled between the working chamber and a box body shell, a wind top valve is opened to enable the air in the working chamber to be replaced by a drying box for the use of process equipment such as polymer material drying, resin curing, pharmacy, baking finish, electronics, electroplating, pharmacy, printing baking, motor drying, transformer drying, industrial heat treatment, disinfection, heating, heat insulation and the like in factories and scientific research units, and the self heating performance of the drying box is utilized to heat and cure the impregnated carbon fiber integral felt;
Then, the solidified sample is carbonized under the condition of nitrogen gas at 1200 ℃, resin carbon is mainly present at the intersection of fibers because the resin solution used for impregnation has low viscosity, and after the resin carbon is attached to the surface of the fibers, the resin carbon slides down along the fiber wall due to long-time standing, so that the resin carbon is gathered at the intersection of the fibers, the carbonized resin is the whole process of chemical conversion and physical structure change of the resin generated by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde when the resin is heated to 1000 ℃, nitrogen gas has a chemical formula of N2, is usually a colorless and odorless gas, and generally has a density lower than that of air, the nitrogen gas accounts for 78.08% (volume fraction) of the total amount of the atmosphere and is one of main components of the air, and when the nitrogen gas is cooled to-195.8 ℃ under the standard atmospheric pressure, the nitrogen gas becomes colorless liquid, and when the nitrogen gas is cooled to-209.8 ℃, the liquid nitrogen becomes a snow-like solid. Nitrogen is inactive in chemical property and difficult to react with other substances at normal temperature, so that the nitrogen is often used for preparing the preservative, but can be chemically changed with certain substances under the conditions of high temperature and high energy to prepare new substances useful for human beings;
Finally, graphitizing under vacuum condition, wherein the temperature of the graphitizing under vacuum condition is 1800-2400 ℃, thus obtaining the hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt sample, in the vacuum technology, the vacuum is specific to the atmosphere, partial substances in a specific space are discharged, the pressure is smaller than a standard atmospheric pressure, and the space is generally called as vacuum or vacuum state. Vacuum commonly uses Pascal or Turr as a unit of pressure, graphitization is realized by orderly converting thermodynamically unstable carbon atoms from a turbostratic structure to a graphite crystal structure by utilizing thermal activation, so that high-temperature heat treatment (HTT) is used for providing energy for atomic rearrangement and structural transformation in the graphitization process, and a catalyst adding method, called catalytic graphitization, can be used for improving the graphitization degree of a non-graphitization carbon material.
The experimental net tire adopts chopped preoxidized fiber, is subjected to air-laid through carding, has the surface density of (350 +/-10)/m 2, adopts phenolic resin with high carbon residue rate as a precursor, adopts absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent, is laminated and relay needled on a needling machine according to the process design to the required thickness, obtains a carbon fiber integral felt through different carbonization processes under the condition of nitrogen, cuts the integral felt into samples with the size of 150mm multiplied by 45mm, prepares impregnation liquid with the required concentration, puts the cut samples into a container containing the impregnation liquid for impregnation, then puts into an oven for segmented solidification after low-temperature drying. Carbonizing the resin of the cured sample under the condition of 1200 ℃ nitrogen, and finally carrying out graphitization treatment at 2000 ℃ under the vacuum condition to obtain the hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt sample.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of the hard carbon felt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, adopting short-cut pre-oxidized fiber as a selected net body, and carding and air-laying;
S2, selecting phenolic resin with high carbon residue rate as a precursor;
S3, selecting absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent;
s4, laminating, relay and needling the PAN pre-oxidized fiber net blank on a needling machine according to the process design to the required thickness, obtaining a carbon fiber integral felt after different carbonization processes under the nitrogen condition, and cutting the integral felt into the required size;
S5, preparing an impregnation liquid with required concentration, and putting the cut carbon fiber integral felt into a container containing the impregnation liquid for impregnation;
s6, drying at low temperature, and then putting into an oven for segmented curing;
s7, carbonizing the solidified sample with resin;
And S8, finally, graphitizing under a vacuum condition to obtain the hard heat-insulating carbon fiber integrated felt sample.
2. The method for preparing the hard carbon felt according to claim 1, wherein the area density of the short-cut pre-oxidized fibers in the S1 is (350 +/-10)/m 2.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impregnating solution in S5 is a phenolic resin solution.
4. the method for preparing the hard carbon felt according to claim 1, wherein the sample cured in the S7 is carbonized with resin at 1200 ℃ under nitrogen.
5. the method for preparing the hard carbon felt according to claim 1, wherein the graphitization temperature in the S8 under the vacuum condition is 1800-2400 ℃.
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| CN201910875749.3A CN110565266A (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2019-09-17 | Preparation method of hard carbon felt |
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| CN201910875749.3A CN110565266A (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2019-09-17 | Preparation method of hard carbon felt |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111016137A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 山东众途复合材料有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon fiber heat-insulating hard felt by using water-soluble phenolic resin as curing agent |
| CN112522857A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-19 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | Preparation method of high-thickness hard felt |
| CN113026349A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-25 | 上海瑟赫新材料科技有限公司 | Heat-preserving and heat-insulating carbon felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113215724A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon fiber cured hard felt by integral needling forming |
| CN113862773A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-31 | 成都裕鸢航空智能制造股份有限公司 | Long-life guide cylinder and preparation method thereof |
| CN114855308A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-05 | 东华大学 | Carbon fiber paper and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115056545A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-16 | 东华大学 | Multilayer coating heat preservation and insulation carbon felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN115852589A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | 吉林枫林碳纤维有限公司 | Composite curing felt and preparation process thereof |
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| CN111016137A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 山东众途复合材料有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon fiber heat-insulating hard felt by using water-soluble phenolic resin as curing agent |
| CN112522857A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-19 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | Preparation method of high-thickness hard felt |
| CN113026349A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-25 | 上海瑟赫新材料科技有限公司 | Heat-preserving and heat-insulating carbon felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113215724A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon fiber cured hard felt by integral needling forming |
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| CN114855308A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-05 | 东华大学 | Carbon fiber paper and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114855308B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-09-26 | 东华大学 | Carbon fiber paper and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115056545A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-16 | 东华大学 | Multilayer coating heat preservation and insulation carbon felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN115056545B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-05-24 | 东华大学 | Multilayer coating heat-insulating carbon felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN115852589A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | 吉林枫林碳纤维有限公司 | Composite curing felt and preparation process thereof |
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