CN110565030A - low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements and smelting method thereof - Google Patents
low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements and smelting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel products, and particularly relates to low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements and a smelting method thereof. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a smelting method of a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements, wherein the total mass of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements is taken as a reference, and the smelting method comprises the following steps of not more than 0.10% of Si, not more than 0.015% of Al, 0.08-0.15% of C and 0.010-0.020% of rare earth; the smelting method comprises the following steps: electric arc furnace rough smelting, LF furnace refining, VOD furnace refining, LF furnace deep refining, pouring and electroslag remelting; in the deep refining process of the LF furnace, rare earth is added after reduction, argon is statically blown, and then steel is tapped. The method of the invention can change the form of non-metallic inclusions in the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel products, and particularly relates to low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements and a smelting method thereof.
Background
The stainless steel is low-silicon low-aluminum stainless steel with silicon content less than or equal to 0.10 percent and aluminum content less than or equal to 0.015 percent. The chemical composition control requirement of the current ultra-supercritical generator set blade material needs to adopt the low-silicon low-aluminum stainless steel, the material takes 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB (Co3W3), 12Cr10Co3W2NiMoVNbNB (Co3W2), 1Cr10Co3MoWVNbNB (Co3W) and other steel grades as representative martensitic stainless steel, and the low-silicon low-aluminum stainless steel belongs to the ultra-supercritical generator set blade material with the temperature of more than 600 ℃. Because of the special use of the material, the blade of the generator set can be ensured to have mechanical property and high-temperature durability meeting the requirements only by high cleanliness, refining of nonmetallic inclusions in the spheroidized steel and appropriate refinement of the microstructure of the steel.
At present, Al deoxidation or C deoxidation is adopted in the smelting process of the steel, but the C content of the steel is lower (less than or equal to 0.13 percent), so that the Al deoxidation is mainly adopted, the non-metal inclusions in the steel are mainly alumina, and the alumina inclusions in the steel are irregular, so that the mechanical property and the high-temperature durability of the ultra-supercritical generator set blade are damaged.
The rare earth elements can modify the inclusions, spheroidize the nonmetallic inclusions and refine the microstructure of the steel. The addition mode, the rare earth type, the addition amount and the like of the rare earth have important influences on the removal of large-particle nonmetallic inclusions in the steel and the shape of the inclusions.
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that the existing low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel is poor in non-metallic inclusion form and physical property, the invention provides a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements and a smelting method thereof. Aiming at the characteristics of the smelting production process for producing the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel by the electric arc furnace, LF, VOD, LF, pouring (MC) and electroslag remelting process, the invention innovatively optimizes the addition mode of rare earth in the smelting process and improves the form of nonmetallic inclusions in the stainless steel.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a smelting method of a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements, wherein the total mass of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements is taken as a reference, and the smelting method comprises the following steps of not more than 0.10% of Si, not more than 0.015% of Al, 0.08-0.15% of C and 0.010-0.020% of rare earth; the smelting method comprises the following steps: electric arc furnace rough smelting, LF furnace refining, VOD furnace refining, LF furnace deep refining, pouring and electroslag remelting; in the deep refining process of the LF furnace, rare earth is added after reduction, argon is statically blown, and then steel is tapped.
Specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements, the rare earth is cerium and lanthanum.
Further, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the mass ratio of cerium to lanthanum is 1.5: 1 to 2.0: 1.
Further, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements, the stainless steel is any one of 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB (Co3W3), 12Cr10Co3W2NiMoVNbNB (Co3W2) or 1Cr10Co3MoWVNbNB (Co 3W).
Specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the addition amount of the rare earth is 0.5-0.8 kg per ton of steel.
specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the static argon blowing time is 20-60 min.
Preferably, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, when the addition amount of the rare earth is 0.6-0.8 kg/ton of steel, the static argon blowing time is 30-60 min after the rare earth alloy is added.
Preferably, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, when the addition amount of the rare earth is 0.5-0.6 kg/ton of steel, the static argon blowing time is 20-45 min after the addition of the rare earth alloy.
specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the tapping temperature is 1530-1580 ℃.
Specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the content of the rare earth in the cast consumable electrode is 0.015-0.040%.
specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the melting speed of electroslag remelting is 5.0-7.0 kg/min.
Specifically, in the smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth elements, the content of the rare earth in an electroslag ingot obtained by electroslag remelting is 0.010-0.020%.
The invention also provides the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements obtained by smelting by the smelting method.
The invention reasonably adds rare earth elements aiming at low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel, in particular to martensitic stainless steel represented by 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB (Co3W3), 12Cr10Co3W2NiMoVNbNB (Co3W2) or 1Cr10Co3MoWVNbNB (Co3W) and the like, controls proper process steps and parameters, changes the form of non-metallic inclusions, effectively refines the solidification structure of the steel and lays a foundation for subsequently improving the mechanical property of the steel and the forgeability of the steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing non-metallic inclusions in stainless steel obtained in example 3; the diameter of the spherical rare earth oxide is 6.091 mu m;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of non-metallic inclusions in stainless steel obtained in example 6; the diameter of the spherical rare earth oxide is 8.124 μm.
as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, when the rare earth alloys shown in Table 1 were added, the non-metallic inclusions in the steel were small in size and dispersed (in a single particle distribution) in the form of spherical rare earth oxides.
Detailed Description
The smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth element takes the total mass of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing the rare earth element as a reference, and comprises the following steps of less than or equal to 0.10% of Si, less than or equal to 0.015% of Al, 0.08-0.15% of C and 0.010-0.020% of rare earth; the method comprises the following steps:
Firstly, smelting a consumable electrode by adopting an electric arc furnace + LF + VOD + LF furnace:
(1) Electric arc furnace roughing: the furnace burden comprises scrap steel, pig iron, the steel return and the like, and the furnace burden is sequentially subjected to the processes of melting down, oxygen blowing decarburization, pre-reduction, reduction and component adjustment; the temperature of the molten steel is 1580-1650 ℃, and the tapping temperature is 1650-1680 ℃;
(2) Refining in an LF furnace: reducing molten steel obtained by rough smelting in an electric arc furnace by using a reducing agent, and then adding an alloy material to adjust components; the temperature of molten steel is 1600-1650 ℃, and the tapping temperature is 1660-1680 ℃;
(3) Refining in a VOD furnace: carrying out vacuum oxygen blowing decarburization, reduction and component adjustment processes on molten steel obtained by refining in an LF furnace in sequence, wherein the temperature of the molten steel entering a VOD furnace is more than or equal to 1600 ℃;
(4) deep refining in an LF (ladle furnace): reducing molten steel obtained by refining in a VOD furnace by using a reducing agent, then adding rare earth alloy, statically blowing argon, and carrying out ladle temperature, namely the tapping temperature of 1530-1580 ℃;
(5) casting (MC): casting the alloy into a consumable electrode by adopting a down-pouring method;
step two, electroslag remelting: and adopting electroslag remelting to smelt electroslag ingots, wherein the melting speed is 5.0-7.0 kg/min.
In the method of the invention, the rare earth alloy is cerium and lanthanum. Further, the mass ratio of cerium to lanthanum is 1.5: 1 to 2.0: 1.
In the method, if the addition amount of the rare earth element is too high, large-particle rare earth inclusions can be formed, and the rare earth inclusions are difficult to completely remove in the subsequent electroslag remelting process; the addition of rare earth is too high, the microstructure is too fine, and the high-temperature durability of the steel is not good; if the addition amount of the rare earth alloy is small, the modification effect on the nonmetallic inclusion is insufficient. Therefore, the addition amount of the rare earth is preferably 0.5-0.8 kg/ton steel.
In the method, the static argon blowing time is reasonably controlled, so that the non-metallic inclusions can float upwards in the molten steel and are convenient to remove. If the static argon blowing time is insufficient, the non-metallic inclusions cannot float sufficiently, and the removal effect is poor; if the static argon blowing time is too long, the molten steel can be secondarily oxidized, and the non-metallic inclusions can be increased. Therefore, the static argon blowing time is generally controlled to be 20-60 min. Further, when the addition amount of the rare earth alloy is 0.6-0.8 kg per ton of steel, the argon blowing time is 30-60 min after the rare earth alloy is added. When the addition amount of the rare earth alloy is 0.5-0.6 kg per ton of steel, the argon blowing time is 20-45 min after the rare earth alloy is added.
The consumable electrode produced by the method has the rare earth content of 0.015-0.040%; the content of rare earth in the produced electroslag ingot is 0.010-0.020%.
the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel produced by the method has the advantages that the non-metallic inclusions are spherical composite rare earth inclusions which are dispersed and distributed in single particles, and the mechanical property of the steel is favorable. Alumina inclusions without rare earth alloy are irregularly shaped in the steel and generally aggregated into a string or chain shape, so that the mechanical property of the steel is reduced.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Examples 1 to 6
The rare earth addition and the static argon blowing time after the rare earth addition in the smelting of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements in examples 1-6 are shown in table 1, wherein the stainless steel is 10Cr11Co3W3 nimovnbb (Co3W 3):
TABLE 1 addition of rare earth during smelting and static argon blowing time after rare earth addition in examples 1-6 of the present invention
| Numbering | Addition of rare earth alloy in kg/ton steel | Static argon blowing time min after adding the rare earth alloy |
| example 1 | 0.5 | 25 |
| Example 2 | 0.5 | 20 |
| Example 3 | 0.6 | 25 |
| Example 4 | 0.6 | 25 |
| Example 5 | 0.8 | 35 |
| example 6 | 0.8 | 35 |
The specific smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
Firstly, smelting a consumable electrode by adopting an electric arc furnace + LF + VOD + LF furnace mode:
(1) electric arc furnace roughing: the furnace burden comprises scrap steel, pig iron, the steel return and the like, the furnace burden is sequentially subjected to the processes of melting down, oxygen blowing decarburization, pre-reduction, reduction and component adjustment, and the temperature of molten steel is as follows: 1580-1650 ℃, tapping temperature: 1650-1680 ℃;
(2) Refining in an LF furnace: reducing molten steel obtained by rough smelting of an electric arc furnace by using a reducing agent, adding an alloy material to adjust the components, wherein the molten steel temperature is as follows: 1600-1650 ℃, tapping temperature: 1660-1680 ℃;
(3) Refining in a VOD furnace: carrying out vacuum oxygen blowing decarburization, reduction and component adjustment processes on molten steel obtained by refining in an LF furnace in sequence, wherein the temperature of the molten steel entering a VOD furnace is more than or equal to 1600 ℃;
(4) Deep refining in an LF (ladle furnace): reducing molten steel obtained by refining in a VOD furnace by using a reducing agent, then adding rare earth alloy, statically blowing argon, and carrying out ladle temperature: 1530-1580 ℃;
(5) Casting (MC): casting the alloy into a consumable electrode by adopting a down casting method:
Step two, electroslag remelting: and adopting electroslag remelting to smelt electroslag ingots, wherein the melting speed is 5.0-7.0 kg/min.
The rare earth alloy adopted by the invention is cerium and lanthanum, and the mass percentage of the lanthanum and the cerium is as follows: cerium/lanthanum is 1.5 to 2.0.
Detection of non-metallic inclusions: the rare earth element-containing low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steels of examples 1 to 6 were tested for non-metallic inclusions according to the GB/T10561 standard, and the number of non-metallic inclusions was low, and most of the inclusions were spheroidized and dispersed, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 grade of nonmetallic inclusions in inventive examples 1 to 6
Claims (10)
1. The smelting method of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements is characterized by comprising the following steps of: based on the total mass of the low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements, the mass of Si is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the mass of Al is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, the mass of C is 0.08-0.15 percent, and the mass of rare earth is 0.010-0.020 percent; the smelting method comprises the following steps: electric arc furnace rough smelting, LF furnace refining, VOD furnace refining, LF furnace deep refining, pouring and electroslag remelting; in the deep refining process of the LF furnace, rare earth is added after reduction, argon is statically blown, and then steel is tapped.
2. the method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rare earth is cerium and lanthanum; further, the mass ratio of cerium to lanthanum is 1.5: 1 to 2.0: 1.
3. The method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the stainless steel is any one of 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB, 12Cr10Co3W2NiMoVNbNB or 1Cr10Co3 MoWVNbNB.
4. The method for smelting a rare earth element-containing low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the addition amount of the rare earth is 0.5-0.8 kg per ton of steel.
5. The method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing a rare earth element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: and the static argon blowing time is 20-60 min.
6. The method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements as claimed in claim 5, wherein: when the addition amount of the rare earth is 0.6-0.8 kg/ton of steel, statically blowing argon for 30-60 min after the rare earth is added; or when the addition amount of the rare earth is 0.5-0.6 kg/ton steel, statically blowing argon for 20-45 min after the rare earth is added.
7. The method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing a rare earth element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: and the tapping temperature is 1530-1580 ℃.
8. The method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing a rare earth element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the content of rare earth in the cast consumable electrode is 0.015-0.040%.
9. The method for smelting a low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing a rare earth element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the content of rare earth in the electroslag ingot obtained by electroslag remelting is 0.010-0.020%.
10. The low-silicon low-aluminum martensitic stainless steel containing rare earth elements obtained by the smelting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113957318A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-21 | 洛阳中重铸锻有限责任公司 | Smelting method of F316H austenitic stainless steel for fast neutron breeder |
| CN114107603A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Smelting method of low-silicon low-aluminum tungsten-containing boron-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel |
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| CN113957318A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-21 | 洛阳中重铸锻有限责任公司 | Smelting method of F316H austenitic stainless steel for fast neutron breeder |
| CN114107603A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Smelting method of low-silicon low-aluminum tungsten-containing boron-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel |
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