CN110565028B - Smelting method of sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel - Google Patents
Smelting method of sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110565028B CN110565028B CN201911030284.8A CN201911030284A CN110565028B CN 110565028 B CN110565028 B CN 110565028B CN 201911030284 A CN201911030284 A CN 201911030284A CN 110565028 B CN110565028 B CN 110565028B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of steelmaking, and relates to a smelting method for smelting sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel, which adopts an IF-AOD-IC-ESR process route, wherein the raw materials comprise high-quality return stub bars, high-carbon ferrochrome, medium-carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic nickel, ferrocolumbium, copper plates, ferrosulfur and ferrosilicon, an AOD furnace is used for removing carbon to below 0.01 percent, the ferrosilicon is used for reduction, then the medium-carbon ferromanganese, ferroniobium and ferrosilicon are added for adjusting components, a pouring station is rotated for pouring molding by adopting a bottom pouring method, the pouring station is rotated for pouring molding by adopting a bottom pouring method, carbon-free protective slag is added into a mold, the weight of a pouring cap opening is designed according to 8-10 percent, the pouring time is not less than 50 percent of the pouring time of an ingot body, carbonized rice husks are added at the cap opening end: before electroslag, sticky steel and sticky slag on the surface of an electrode blank are cleaned, a slag system is selected from CaF2: Al2O3=7:3, argon is adopted for the whole electroslag process, and the smelting process is only suitable for smelting a sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel electroslag ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel making, and relates to a method for smelting sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel by smelting an electrode blank in an argon-oxygen furnace and then remelting electroslag.
Background
The martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, the structure characteristic is precipitation hardening type, the strength grade of the steel is easy to adjust, and the martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel is widely applied to the fields of ocean platforms, environmental protection industry, aerospace and the like. The cutting performance of the steel grades is poor, and in order to improve the cutting performance of the steel grades, a proper content of sulfur is added.
At present, the more common process route is that sulfur-containing wires are fed into steel during external refining, and the sulfur content in the steel is difficult to control because the sulfur reacts with slag in the steel, especially the sulfur is remelted by electroslag.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for smelting a sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel, which uses an argon-oxygen furnace to smelt an electrode blank and then carries out electroslag remelting to realize accurate control of sulfur content in the steel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a smelting method of sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel adopts an IF-AOD-IC-ESR process route, and the stainless steel comprises the following components: [C] less than or equal to 0.07 percent, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of [ Si ], lessthan or equal to 1.00 percent of [ Mn ], lessthan or equal to 0.040 percent of [ P ], [ S ]: 0.015 to 0.030%, [ Ni ]: 3.00-5.00%, [ Cr ]: 15-17.5%, [ Nb ]: 0.15-0.35%, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
step 1), melting the steel grade stub bar, high-carbon ferrochrome, electrolytic nickel and a copper plate in an intermediate frequency furnace, wherein the steel grade stub bar is 300-500 kg/t, the high-carbon ferrochrome is 190-250 kg/t, the electrolytic nickel is 26-35 kg/t, the copper plate is 18-25 kg/t, sampling and tapping are carried out at a temperature of more than or equal to 1560 ℃, and the tapping temperature is controlled to 1600-1650 ℃; adding into an argon oxygen furnace after tapping;
step 2), adding alloy and lime into an argon-oxygen furnace according to a sampling result, adding CaO in an amount of 10-15% by weight of the raw materials, blowing oxygen for decarburization to a value below 0.01%, controlling the temperature to 1650-1750 ℃, adding aluminum for heating when the temperature is not high enough, blowing argon for stirring for cooling when the temperature is too high, adding ferrosilicon in an amount of 20-30 kg/t according to the Cr burning loss condition for reduction, adjusting the manganese content by adding medium-carbon ferromanganese in an amount of 10-12 kg/t, pulling slag for more than 50% after stirring for 1-2 minutes by blowing argon, adjusting the niobium content by adding ferroniobium in an amount of 4-5 kg/t, adjusting the sulfur content by adding ferrosilicon 1-1.5kg/t, sampling and analyzing into components after stirring for 2-3 minutes by blowing argon, and controlling [ C ] to be less than or equal to 0.07%, [ Si ] to be less than or equal to 1.0%, [ Mn ] to less than or equal to 1.00%, [ P ] to 0: 0.030 to 0.040%, [ Ni ]: 3.00-5.00%, [ Cr ]: 15-17.5%, [ Nb ]: 0.15-0.35%; tapping at 1560-1600 ℃;
step 3), tapping into a steel ladle, weakly stirring for 3-5 minutes, and then carrying out ladle pouring at the temperature of 1520-1540 ℃ of molten steel in the ladle;
step 4), turning a casting station, casting into an electrode blank, and cutting off the end of the cap opening after demolding;
and 5) electroslag forming under the argon protective atmosphere.
In the step 1), the used steel grade stub bar must be free of oil stain and rust, P is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.030%, and the amount of alloy of corresponding amount is properly increased or reduced according to the amount of alloy contained in the steel grade stub bar during batching.
In the transfer pouring station in the step 4, an electrode blank is poured by adopting a bottom pouring method, 1-1.5kg/t of carbon-free protective slag is added into a mold, a pouring cap opening is designed according to the weight percentage of 8-10%, the pouring time is not less than 50% of the pouring time of the ingot body, 1.0-2.0 kg/t of carbonized rice husk is added into the cap opening after pouring, the cap opening is cut off completely after the electrode blank is demoulded, and electroslag is transferred to an electroslag station.
In step 5, before electroslag, cleaning the sticky steel and sticky slag on the surface of the electrode blank, wherein CaF is selected as the slag system according to the weight ratio2:Al2O3Controlling the thickness of a slag layer to be 200-300 cm at 7:3, adopting argon protection in the whole electroslag process, and cleaning the surface of an electroslag ingot after red conveying or annealingAnd (5) standby.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following positive effects: the invention relates to a smelting method for smelting sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, which adopts a process route of IF-AOD-IC-ESR. The raw materials comprise high-quality return stub bars, high-carbon ferrochrome, medium-carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic nickel, ferrocolumbium, copper plates, ferro-sulphur, ferrosilicon and the like. Removing carbon to below 0.01% in an AOD furnace, beginning to reduce by using ferrosilicon, and then adding medium-carbon ferromanganese, ferroniobium and ferrosulfur to adjust components; the casting method comprises the following steps of (1) rotating a casting station, casting and molding by adopting a bottom pouring method, adding carbon-free protective slag in a mold, designing the weight of a casting cap opening according to 8-10%, wherein the casting time is not lower than 50% of the casting time of an ingot body, adding carbonized rice hulls at the end of the cap opening after the casting is finished, preserving heat, and cutting off the cap opening after the blank is demoulded completely: before electroslag, sticky steel and sticky slag on the surface of an electrode blank are cleaned, the slag system is CaF2 and Al2O3 is 7:3, and argon is adopted for the whole electroslag process. The smelting process is only suitable for smelting the sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel electroslag ingot. Has the following advantages: (1) the recycling of the alloy material can be realized by using the return stub bar; (2) can realize the accurate control of the sulfur content in the steel.
Detailed Description
A smelting method of sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel adopts an IF-AOD-IC-ESR process route, and the stainless steel comprises the following components: [C] less than or equal to 0.07 percent, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of [ Si ], lessthan or equal to 1.00 percent of [ Mn ], lessthan or equal to 0.040 percent of [ P ], [ S ]: 0.015 to 0.030%, [ Ni ]: 3.00-5.00%, [ Cr ]: 15-17.5%, [ Nb ]: 0.15-0.35%, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
step 1), melting 300-500 kg/t of a steel grade stub bar, 190-250 kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 26-35 kg/t of electrolytic nickel and 18-25 kg/t of copper plate in a medium frequency furnace, sampling and tapping at a temperature of more than or equal to 1560 ℃, and controlling the tapping temperature to 1600-1650 ℃; the used stub bar must be free of oil stain and rust, P is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.030 percent, and the amount of alloy with corresponding amount is properly added or subtracted according to the amount of alloy contained in the stub bar during batching;
step 2), adding alloy into an argon-oxygen furnace according to a sampling result, adding CaO in an amount of 10-15%, blowing oxygen for decarburization to a value below 0.01%, controlling the temperature to 1650-1750 ℃, adding aluminum for heating when the temperature is not high enough, blowing argon for stirring and cooling when the temperature is too high, adding 20-30 kg/t ferrosilicon for reduction according to the Cr burning loss condition, adjusting the manganese content by 10-12 kg/t medium carbon ferromanganese, blowing argon for stirring for 1-2 minutes, pulling slag for more than 50%, adding ferroniobium for 4-5 kg/t for adjusting the niobium content, adding ferrosulfur for 1-1.5kg/t for adjusting the sulfur content, blowing argon for stirring for 2-3 minutes, sampling and analyzing into components, and controlling [ C ] to be less than or equal to 0.07%, [ Si ] to be less than or equal to 1.0%, [ Mn ] to be less than or equal to 1.00%, [ P ] to be less than or equal to 0.040%, [: 0.030 to 0.040%, [ Ni ]: 3.00-5.00%, [ Cr ]: 15-17.5%, [ Nb ]: 0.15-0.35%; the formed components are not limited, low-carbon alloy can be properly added for further adjustment, and the temperature is controlled to be 1560-1600 ℃ for tapping;
step 3), tapping into a steel ladle, weakly stirring for 3-5 minutes, and then cooling the steel liquid in the ladle: pouring in a ladle at 1520-1540 ℃;
step 4), transferring to a casting station, casting into an electrode blank by adopting a bottom casting method, adding 1-1.5kg/t of carbon-free protective slag into a mold, designing the weight of a casting cap according to 8-10%, wherein the casting time is not less than 50% of the casting time of the ingot body, adding 1.0-2.0 kg/t of carbonized rice hulls at the end of the cap after the casting is finished, cutting off the cap after the electrode blank is demoulded, and transferring to an electroslag station to electroslag;
step 5), cleaning the sticky steel and sticky slag on the surface of the electrode blank before electroslag, wherein CaF is selected as a slag system2:Al2O3And (3) controlling the thickness of a slag layer to be 200-300 cm, adopting argon protection in the whole electroslag process, and cleaning the surface of the electroslag ingot for later use after red conveying or annealing.
Two groups of smelting are carried out according to the smelting process of the embodiment, and the chemical component content of the products obtained by smelting in the two groups of embodiments in Table 1 meets the target requirement:
table 1 chemical composition m%
The smelting process is only suitable for smelting the sulfur-containing martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel electroslag ingot.
Claims (4)
1. A smelting method of sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting an IF-AOD-IC-ESR process route, the stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: [C] less than or equal to 0.07 percent, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of [ Si ], lessthan or equal to 1.00 percent of [ Mn ], lessthan or equal to 0.040 percent of [ P ], [ S ]: 0.015 to 0.030%, [ Ni ]: 3.00-5.00%, [ Cr ]: 15-17.5%, [ Nb ]: 0.15-0.35%, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
step 1), melting the steel grade stub bar, high-carbon ferrochrome, electrolytic nickel and a copper plate in an intermediate frequency furnace, wherein the steel grade stub bar is 300-500 kg/t, the high-carbon ferrochrome is 190-250 kg/t, the electrolytic nickel is 26-35 kg/t, the copper plate is 18-25 kg/t, sampling and tapping are carried out at a temperature of more than or equal to 1560 ℃, and the tapping temperature is controlled to 1600-1650 ℃; adding into an argon oxygen furnace after tapping;
step 2), adding alloy and lime into the argon-oxygen furnace according to the sampling result, adding CaO in an amount of 10-15% by weight of the raw materials, blowing oxygen for decarburization according to the weight percentage to be below 0.01 percent, controlling the temperature to be 1650-1750 ℃, adding aluminum for heating when the temperature is not enough, blowing argon for stirring and cooling when the temperature is too high, adding ferrosilicon of 20-30 kg/t according to the Cr burning loss condition for reduction, adjusting the manganese content by adding medium carbon ferromanganese of 10-12 kg/t, blowing argon and stirring for 1-2 minutes, pulling slag by more than 50 percent, adjusting the niobium content by adding 4-5 kg/t of ferrocolumbium, adjusting the sulfur content by adding 1-1.5kg/t of ferrosulfurum, sampling and analyzing chemical components after stirring for 2-3 minutes by blowing argon, controlling [ C ] to be less than or equal to 0.07%, [ Si ] to be less than or equal to 1.0%, [ Mn ] to be less than or equal to 1.00%, [ P ] to be less than or equal to 0.040%, and [ S ]: 0.030 to 0.040%, [ Ni ]: 3.00-5.00%, [ Cr ]: 15-17.5%, [ Nb ]: 0.15-0.35%; tapping at 1560-1600 ℃;
step 3), tapping into a steel ladle, weakly stirring for 3-5 minutes, and then carrying out ladle pouring at the temperature of 1520-1540 ℃ of molten steel in the ladle;
step 4), turning a casting station, casting into an electrode blank, and cutting off the end of the cap opening after demolding;
and 5) electroslag remelting under the argon protective atmosphere.
2. The method of smelting a sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the used steel material head must have no oil stain and no rust, the P is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.030 percent according to the weight percentage, and the alloy amount of corresponding amount is properly added or subtracted according to the alloy amount contained in the specific used steel material head during batching.
3. The method of smelting a sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the transfer pouring station of the step 4), pouring into an electrode blank by adopting a bottom pouring method, adding 1-1.5kg/t of carbon-free protective slag into a mold, designing a pouring cap according to the weight percentage of 8-10%, wherein the pouring time is not less than 50% of the pouring time of the ingot body, adding 1.0-2.0 kg/t of carbonized rice husk into the cap end after pouring, cutting off the cap after demolding the electrode blank, and remelting electroslag at the transfer electroslag station.
4. The method of smelting a sulfur-containing martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), before electroslag remelting, sticky steel and sticky slag on the surface of the electrode blank are cleaned, and the slag system is CaF according to the weight ratio2:Al2O3And (4) controlling the thickness of a slag layer to be 200-300 cm, adopting argon protection in the whole electroslag remelting process, and cleaning the surface of the electroslag ingot for later use after red conveying or annealing.
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| JP3962743B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2007-08-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Precipitation hardening type martensitic steel, method for producing the same, turbine rotor blade and steam turbine using the same |
| CN102286706B (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-10-31 | 上海电力修造总厂有限公司 | Martensitic stainless steel capable of resisting occlusal wear |
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| CN106868252A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of method of high sulfur free-cutting steel sulphur alloying |
| CN107385144B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-03-22 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Precipitation hardening of martensitic stainless steel 17-4PH smelting process |
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