CN110564952B - Sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method - Google Patents

Sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method Download PDF

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CN110564952B
CN110564952B CN201910847359.5A CN201910847359A CN110564952B CN 110564952 B CN110564952 B CN 110564952B CN 201910847359 A CN201910847359 A CN 201910847359A CN 110564952 B CN110564952 B CN 110564952B
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fuel
gas
sintering
supplement
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范晓慧
赵元杰
季志云
甘敏
周浩宇
李谦
陈许玲
黄晓贤
张一雄
黄斌斌
袁礼顺
唐庆余
汪国靖
吕薇
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Central South University
Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/16Sintering; Agglomerating

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Abstract

The invention discloses a sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method, which divides a sintering material layer into a high-heat input region (less than 1250 ℃), a medium-heat input region (1250 ℃ -1300 ℃), and a low-heat input region (more than 1300 ℃) according to the inherent heat distribution difference of the sintering material layer, and inputs gas fuel according to the difference of heat requirements of different regions of the sintering material layer, thereby being beneficial to realizing uniform homogeneous sintering, greatly improving the yield and quality indexes of sintered ores, improving the use amount of clean gas fuel replacing solid fuel, improving the fuel utilization rate, reducing the discharge amount of COx, SOx and NOx, having wide popularization and application prospects, and being beneficial to the green development of the steel industry.

Description

Sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas injection technology, in particular to a sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based gas staged injection technology, and belongs to the sintering field in the field of ferrous metallurgy.
Background
The steel industry is typically an energy intensive sector with energy consumption as high as 10% to 15% of the world's energy consumption. Sintering is used as a front-end process in the iron and steel industry, the process energy consumption is high, the process energy consumption is higher than that of the second step in the iron and steel industry, and the combustion of solid fuel in the sintering process is also an atmospheric pollutant NO in the iron and steel industryX、COXThe main source of the emission, SOXAn important source of emissions. In addition, the sintered ore accounts for more than 70 percent of blast furnace ironmaking burden, and the quality of the sintered ore is closely related to the stable and smooth operation, high efficiency, low consumption, large coal injection technology and the like of a large blast furnace. The domestic and foreign research shows that: 1. the amount of return ores is reduced by 1.5 to 3 percent, and the burning rate of sintered solids can be reduced by 0.6kg/t-s(ii) a 2. The sinter ore has insufficient strength and can generate powder in the transportation and transfer processes, and when the powder smaller than 5mm is increased by 1 percent, the blast furnace fuel ratio can be increased by 0.5 percent, and the yield is reduced by 0.5 to 1 percent; 3. the reduction of the indirect reduction degree of the sintering ore entering the furnace by 10 percent affects the fuel ratio and the output of the blast furnace by 8 to 9 percent respectively. Therefore, how to realize low-carbon high-quality sintering is the most ideal means for sintering, saving energy and reducing emission, and has great significance even for clean production in the steel industry.
Therefore, JFE iron and steel company and Kyushu university cooperate to firstly develop a technology for blowing liquefied natural gas fuel to the charge level of a sintering machine, and the sintering machine of Jingbin No. 1 is put into commercial operation in 1 month in 2009, so that the consumption of solid fuel is reduced by 3kg/t-s, the drum strength is improved by 1 percent, the RI is improved by 4 percent, and CO is improved by 1 percent2The maximum emission reduction amount is up to about 60000 t/year. Research shows that natural gas warp materialThe surface enters a sinter bed and starts to burn above a combustion zone, the technology can effectively widen a high-temperature melting zone, increase the high-temperature retention time, avoid the excessive high cooling rate of the upper sinter band, and improve the condition of ore formation. In addition, the highest temperature of the lower material layer is reduced while the solid fuel is reduced, so that the compactness degree of the unmelted iron ore is improved, the reducibility is improved, and the method is the simplest and most effective means for really achieving low-carbon homogeneous sintering and improving the quality index of the overall sintered mineral product. The rich coke oven gas in steel works is sprayed into the Shao steel in China on the sintering charge level, and the strength and metallurgical performance of the sinter are also effectively improved. However, in the industrial application process of the gas injection technology, because the types of raw materials and sintering process parameters such as alkalinity, negative pressure, material layer height and solid fuel proportion are different, key technical parameters such as solid fuel reduction amount, gas fuel supplement amount and position in the gas injection technology are difficult to control, and the actual effect of gas injection is directly influenced. Meanwhile, the parameters can only be obtained through actual groping, and the test cost is huge.
As the sintering process proceeds, heat builds up from top to bottom in the bed due to self-heat storage. Research shows that the suitable mineralizing interval is 1200-1350 ℃, and the generation of a binding phase is facilitated. In the actual sintering process, the closer to the upper material layer, the lower the heat storage amount is, the shorter the heat storage amount is, the lower the high temperature (1200 ℃) is, the sintering is insufficient, the liquid phase amount is insufficient, the strength of the sintered ore is low, the return ores are more, and the like, the problems are obvious, and the closer to the lower material layer, the higher the heat storage amount is, the higher the sintering temperature (1350 ℃) is, the excessive melting is caused, and the reducibility of the sintered ore is deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the fuel gas graded injection method capable of effectively saving energy and reducing emission, the method divides a sinter bed into a plurality of regions according to the inherent heat distribution difference of the sinter bed, and supplements fuel gas according to the difference of heat requirements of different regions of the sinter bed, thereby being beneficial to reasonably reducing the consumption of solid fuel, carrying out uniform heating and homogeneous sintering, realizing that hydrogen series fuels such as clean hydrocarbon compounds and the like replace solid fossil fuel to a greater extent, greatly improving the yield and quality index of sinter ore, reducing the discharge amount of COx, SOx and NOx, having wide popularization and application prospect and being beneficial to the green development of the steel industry.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method, which is characterized in that a sintering material layer is divided into three different heat supplement areas according to the difference of the highest temperatures of different sintering material layers, and the high heat supplement area, the medium heat supplement area and the low heat supplement area are sequentially divided from the end of heat preservation to the temperature rising point of waste gas; under the condition of reducing the proportion of solid fuel in a sinter bed, gas fuel is sprayed into the high-heat supplement region, the medium-heat supplement region and the low-heat supplement region in a grading manner, and the gas fuel supplement amounts of the high-heat supplement region, the medium-heat supplement region and the low-heat supplement region are reduced in sequence.
The key point of the technical scheme of the invention is that gas fuel is supplemented in a grading way according to the difference of the highest temperature of different areas of a sintering material layer and the difference of the heat requirement required to be supplemented, so that the uniform heating and homogeneous sintering can be realized, the quality of sintered ore can be improved, and the hydrogen fuels such as clean hydrocarbon compounds and the like can be greatly improved to replace solid fossil fuel to a greater extent, and the heat utilization efficiency can be improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the heat input area is divided into: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out region division on a sinter bed by adopting 100% solid fuel when no fuel gas is injected, and dividing a region at the temperature of less than 1250 ℃ into high-heat supplementary regions according to the maximum temperature of the sinter bed; dividing the region at 1250-1300 ℃ into a heat input region; the region >1300 ℃ is divided into low-calorie supplementary regions. A large number of experimental researches show that a high-temperature area with the temperature of the material layer exceeding 1200 ℃ is an area where minerals are melted to form a liquid phase, and the temperature of the high-temperature area can represent the supply condition of the heat of the material layer, which is also an important basis for the amount of heat supplemented to different areas of the material layer; the material bed temperature is divided into three areas, so that a good step heat compensation effect can be realized according to the difference of heat demand of different areas, and the problems of poor step heat compensation effect due to too few subareas (less than or equal to 2) and complex control of a gas spraying process due to too many subareas (more than or equal to 4) step heat compensation can be solved.
In a preferred embodiment, the principle of reducing the solid fuel ratio in the sinter bed is as follows: when 100% solid fuel is adopted in the sinter bed (before gas injection), the solid fuel proportion in the sinter bed is reduced, so that the proportion of the whole region with the highest temperature of 1350 ℃ in the sinter bed is not more than 10%.
In a preferred embodiment, the injection principle of the gaseous fuel is: and supplementing gas fuel accounting for 40-60% of the total heat supplement amount to the high heat supplement area, supplementing gas fuel accounting for 20-30% of the total heat supplement amount to the medium heat supplement area, supplementing gas fuel accounting for 10-30% of the total heat supplement amount to the low heat supplement area, and sequentially reducing the gas supplement amounts of the high heat supplement area, the medium heat supplement area and the low heat supplement area. Gas fuel is correspondingly supplemented according to the difference of the highest temperature of different areas of a sintering material layer, so that the technical problem of uneven sintering in the actual sintering process can be solved. For example, the problems that insufficient sintering, insufficient liquid phase quantity, low strength of sintered ore, much return ore and the like are caused by the insufficient heat storage quantity of an upper material layer in the existing process of completely adopting the solid fuel, and the problems that the larger the heat storage quantity of a lower material layer is, the excessive melting is caused by the overhigh sintering temperature (1350 ℃), the reducibility of the sintered ore is deteriorated and the like are obvious.
Preferably, the total supplement amount of the gas fuel is compensated according to the supplemented gas fuel and the reduced solid fuel according to the heat replacement ratio of 1: 2-1: 4.5. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the equivalent gas fuel is utilized to obviously replace the gas fuel with higher heat, thereby achieving the purposes of saving fuel and reducing high COx, SOx and NOx emission caused by using solid fuel.
Preferably, the gaseous fuel is at least one of alkane, alkene and alkyne.
Preferably, no gas fuel is injected into the region of the sinter bed with a maximum temperature of >1350 ℃ in the region of low heat supply.
In a preferable scheme, the blowing height of the gas fuel is 400-800 mm.
In the preferred scheme, the high heat supplement area, the medium heat supplement area and the low heat supplement area are separated by metal baffles, and gas fuel is uniformly sprayed to the surface of a sintering material layer through porous spray heads arranged above the sintering material layer in each heat supplement area. The gas pipeline is divided into three branches which respectively enter a high heat supplement area, a medium heat supplement area and a low heat supplement area, the end heads of the branches of each gas pipeline are respectively provided with a porous spray head, and meanwhile, each branch of the gas pipeline is respectively provided with an independently controlled flowmeter and a one-way valve which independently control the flow of gas fuel in each heat supplement area.
The gas can be uniformly, stably and safely sprayed into the sintering charge level by setting the reasonable gas fuel spraying height and spraying mode.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the technical scheme, the sintering process is reasonably partitioned according to the temperature change of the material layer, and then the gas fuel is supplemented in a grading mode according to the difference of heat requirements to be supplemented in different regions, so that on one hand, uniform heating and homogeneous sintering are realized, the quality of sintered ores is improved, on the other hand, the heat utilization efficiency of the gas fuel is improved, and more solid fuels are replaced under the condition of the same gas fuel injection amount.
(2) According to the technical scheme, the gas fuel injection height and the injection mode are reasonably set while the gas is supplemented in a grading manner, so that the uniform, stable and safe injection of the gas into the sintering charge level is favorably ensured.
(3) The technology provided by the invention has strong adaptability to various complicated and changeable sintering working conditions based on the inherent characteristics of material layer temperature and heat demand difference in sintering, and has wide popularization prospect.
In conclusion, by adopting the method, the gas fuel is supplemented in a grading manner according to the inherent uneven heat distribution characteristic of the sinter bed, compared with the conventional sintering, the method can improve the sinter yield by 3-4%, improve the drum strength by 3-7%, reduce the solid fuel consumption by 4-7 kg per ton of sinter and reduce the NO consumption by 4-7 kg per ton of sinterXEmission reduction is 20-35%, and SO2Emission reduction is 10-15%, and CO is2Emission reduction is 10-15%, popularization and application prospects are wide,is beneficial to the green development of the steel industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of staged injection of a hydrogen-based fuel gas.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with preferred embodiments and should not be taken to limit the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Example 1
A sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged blowing technology is characterized in that the carbon content of a mixture is 5.6%, the binary alkalinity is 1.85, the sintering moisture is 6.75%, the sintering negative pressure is-10 kPa, and under the condition that the material layer height is 700mm, the area between the sintering material surface and the position where the highest temperature is 1250 ℃ is an area I, the area between 1250 ℃ and 1300 ℃ is an area II, and the area between 1300 ℃ and 1350 ℃ is an area III. The carbon content of the mixture is reduced to 5.3%, and the heat value of the gas fuel and the solid fuel which are supplemented is 39.8MJ/Nm in the areas I, II and III according to the heat exchange ratio of 1:4.5 under the sintering cup test with the same other conditions3The injection height is 450mm, the natural gas supplement amount of the area I accounts for 50% of the total heat supplement amount, the natural gas supplement amount of the area II accounts for 30% of the total heat supplement amount, and the natural gas supplement amount of the area III accounts for 20% of the total heat supplement amount. Sintering index, NOX、SO2And COXThe displacement reduction is shown in table 1.
Example 2
The carbon content of the mixture is reduced to 5.15%, and the heat value of the mixture is 39.8MJ/Nm by sequentially spraying in the areas I, II and III according to the heat exchange ratio of the supplemented gas fuel to the reduced solid fuel of 1:4 under the sintering test with the same other conditions3The injection height is 500mm, the natural gas supplement amount of the area I accounts for 55% of the total heat supplement amount, the natural gas supplement amount of the area II accounts for 30% of the total heat supplement amount, and the natural gas supplement amount of the area III accounts for 15% of the total heat supplement amount. Sintering index, NOX、SO2And COXThe displacement reduction is shown in table 1.
Example 3
Reducing the carbon content of the mixture to 50%, under the same sintering test with the rest of conditions, the zones I, II, III were successively sprayed with a calorific value of 39.8MJ/Nm according to a replacement ratio of the heat of the gas fuel fed and the solid fuel reduced of 1:3.53The injection height is 550mm, the natural gas supplement amount of the area I accounts for 60% of the total heat supplement amount, the natural gas supplement amount of the area II accounts for 30% of the total heat supplement amount, and the natural gas supplement amount of the area III accounts for 10% of the total heat supplement amount. Sintering index, NOX、SO2And COXThe displacement reduction is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The carbon content of the mixture is 5.6 percent, the binary alkalinity is 1.85 percent, the sintering moisture is 6.75 percent, the sintering negative pressure is-10 kpa, the sintering is carried out after the ignition and heat preservation of the charge level are finished under the condition that the height of the charge level is 700mm, and no gas fuel is sprayed on the charge level in the whole sintering process until the sintering is finished. Sintering index, NOX、SO2And COXThe displacement reduction is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
5.0 percent of mixed carbon, 1.85 percent of binary alkalinity, 6.75 percent of sintering moisture and-10 kpa of sintering negative pressure, sintering the charge level after ignition and heat preservation under the condition that the height of the charge level is 700mm, and injecting the mixture with the heat value of 39.8MJ/Nm in the concentration of I, II, III and the like according to the replacement ratio of the supplemented gas fuel to the reduced solid fuel heat of 1:3.53The natural gas is compensated (step blowing is not adopted), and the blowing height is 550 mm. Sintering index, NOX、SO2And COXThe displacement reduction is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 sintering index and NO for different examplesX、SO2And COx decrement
Figure BDA0002195679110000061

Claims (6)

1. A sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing the sintering material layer into three different heat supplement areas according to the difference of the highest temperature of different sintering material layers, and sequentially dividing the areas from the end of heat preservation to the temperature rising point of waste gas into a high heat supplement area, a medium heat supplement area and a low heat supplement area; under the condition of reducing the proportion of solid fuel in a sinter bed, gas fuel is sprayed into a high-heat supplement region, a medium-heat supplement region and a low-heat supplement region in a grading manner, and the gas fuel supplement amounts of the high-heat supplement region, the medium-heat supplement region and the low-heat supplement region are reduced in sequence;
the heat supplementing region division principle is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out region division on a sinter bed by adopting 100% solid fuel when no fuel gas is injected, and dividing a region at the temperature of less than 1250 ℃ into high-heat supplementary regions according to the maximum temperature of the sinter bed; dividing the region at 1250-1300 ℃ into a heat input region; the area of more than 1300 ℃ is divided into low-calorie supplement areas;
the principle of reducing the proportion of the solid fuel in the sinter bed is as follows: when 100% solid fuel is adopted for the sintering material layer, the solid fuel proportion in the sintering material layer is reduced, so that the proportion of the area with the highest temperature of the whole sintering material layer exceeding 1350 ℃ is not more than 10%;
the injection principle of the gaseous fuel is as follows: and supplementing gas fuel accounting for 40-60% of the total heat supplement amount to the high heat supplement area, supplementing gas fuel accounting for 20-31% of the total heat supplement amount to the medium heat supplement area, supplementing gas fuel accounting for 10-30% of the total heat supplement amount to the low heat supplement area, and sequentially reducing the gas supplement amounts of the high heat supplement area, the medium heat supplement area and the low heat supplement area.
2. The sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total supplement amount of the gas fuel is compensated according to the supplemented gas fuel and the reduced solid fuel according to the heat replacement ratio of 1: 2-1: 4.5.
3. The sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas fuel is at least one of alkane, alkene and alkyne.
4. The sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the low heat supply region, no gas fuel is injected into the region with the highest sintering material layer temperature of 1350 ℃.
5. The sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the blowing height of the gas fuel is 400-800 mm.
6. The sintering energy-saving emission-reducing hydrogen-based fuel gas staged injection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the high heat supplement area, the medium heat supplement area and the low heat supplement area are separated by metal baffles, and gas fuel is uniformly sprayed into the surface of the sintering material layer through porous spray heads arranged above the sintering material layer surface in each heat supplement area.
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