CN110563524A - Polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110563524A CN110563524A CN201910986318.4A CN201910986318A CN110563524A CN 110563524 A CN110563524 A CN 110563524A CN 201910986318 A CN201910986318 A CN 201910986318A CN 110563524 A CN110563524 A CN 110563524A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer which is composed of 500-7000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100-200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-40 parts by mass of graphene and 1-10 parts by mass of boric acid. The controlled release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating and is prepared by a specific preparation process. The controlled release fertilizer has the characteristics of good coating flexibility, difficult rupture, no damage to the ecological environment of soil by a coating material, excellent and adjustable controlled release performance.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of agriculture and forestry, in particular to a polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
background
The improvement is open, the agriculture of China is greatly developed to occupy 9 percent of cultivated lands in the world to support 25 percent of the population in the world, and the chemical fertilizer plays a vital role. The statistical data show that the food yield in China is increased from about 3 hundred million tons to more than 5.7 hundred million tons in 1978 to 2011, and the fertilizer dosage is increased from 884 ten thousand tons to 6027 ten thousand tons. While grains are greatly increased, a great deal of environmental problems are brought by the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers. By 2017, the unit area dosage of the agricultural fertilizer in China reaches 434.3 kg/hectare, which is 1.93 times of the upper limit of the safe dosage. One of the reasons for the large use of chemical fertilizers is the low utilization rate of the chemical fertilizers, which causes a series of problems such as resource waste, environmental pollution, increase of planting cost, reduction of quality of agricultural products, grain safety and the like.
since the 70 s of the 20 th century, the development and application of slow/controlled release fertilizers have pointed out a new direction for solving the problem. Compared with the traditional fertilizer, the slow release/controlled release fertilizer has the advantages that the nutrient release rate is greatly reduced, the requirement of plant growth can be met, the utilization rate of nutrient elements is increased, the emission of the nutrient elements to the environment is reduced, and the slow release/controlled release fertilizer is an important development direction of the fertilizer industry in the 21 st century. The main problem of current slow/controlled release fertilizers is that they are economically too low cost/performance ratio compared to traditional fertilizers and are currently difficult to popularize on a large scale in agriculture. The development of slow release/controlled release fertilizers is under the large historical background of thousands of years of change in China. At present, industry upgrading is firmly carried out in China, and the industry is moved to the upstream of an industry chain in multiple fields in one step. On one hand, the economic overall development leads to higher and higher opportunity cost of environmental pollution and stronger requirements on slow release/controlled release fertilizers; on the other hand, the relative cost of the slow/controlled release fertilizer is reduced along with the improvement of the overall productivity. Therefore, the slow release/controlled release fertilizer is expected to be developed in large scale in the future.
The coated slow release/controlled release fertilizer belongs to one kind of slow release/controlled release fertilizer, and has the features of low cost, high effective component content, etc. The prior coated slow-release/controlled-release fertilizer has two main problems, one is that the fertilizer core can generate volume expansion after absorbing moisture, so that the coating is broken and loses efficacy; secondly, many envelopes are sprayed to form films by using polymers which are difficult to degrade, such as polyethylene and other materials, and the envelope materials are continuously accumulated in soil, so that the ecological environment of the soil is destroyed, and the soil quality is reduced.
disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a graphene slow release fertilizer to solve the existing problems.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer consists of 500-7000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100-200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-40 parts by mass of graphene and 1-10 parts by mass of boric acid.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains granular phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and two or three compound fertilizers.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) dissolving 100-200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 10-40 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 1-10 parts by mass of boric acid in 1000-4000 parts by mass of water at 85-90 ℃, and cooling to 0-5 ℃;
(2) spraying a half mass of the mixed solution on 500-7000 parts by mass of the fertilizer until the mixed solution is completely coated;
(3) freezing the coated fertilizer at-10-15 ℃, coating and melting at 1-5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and solidified fertilizer;
(4) spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-10-15 ℃, coating and melting at 1-5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and solidified fertilizer;
(6) and airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the coating has good flexibility and is not easy to break. Polyvinyl alcohol has good flexibility and strength, the strength and the flexibility are increased after the polyvinyl alcohol is compounded with graphene, and concentrated stress can be dispersed in the polyvinyl alcohol material by the flaky graphene, so that rupture of a coating is avoided;
(2) The polyvinyl alcohol is a degradable material, and the special polyvinyl alcohol with uniform molecular weight can also be used as a biomedical material, so that the soil ecology can not be damaged. The graphene has a longer degradation period, but the graphene is a material with a high specific surface area, and does not have obvious biotoxicity and damage the soil environment. In fact, many materials with high specific surface area are used to improve the soil properties, such as perlite, activated carbon, etc.;
(3) Has excellent and controllable controlled release performance. The polyvinyl alcohol has rich porous structure and good adsorption capacity to nutrient element ions. Due to the existence of the graphene carbon network, the hydrophilicity and ion permeability of polyvinyl alcohol are reduced, so that the release of nutrient elements is very slow; the release rate of the nutrient elements can be regulated and controlled by changing the proportion of the raw materials.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer comprises 2200 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 11 parts by mass of graphene and 1 part by mass of boric acid.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains a fertilizer which is a granular nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 11 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 1 part by mass of boric acid in 1000 parts by mass of water at 87 ℃, and cooling to 0 ℃;
(2) Spraying half mass of the mixed solution on 2200 mass parts of fertilizer until the mixed solution is completely coated;
(3) Freezing the coated fertilizer at-10 ℃, coating and melting at 1 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and cured fertilizer;
(4) spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-10 ℃, coating and melting at 1 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and cured fertilizer;
(6) And airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
example 2
A polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer comprises 1050 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 150 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 19.5 parts by mass of graphene and 1.5 parts by mass of boric acid.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains a fertilizer which is a granular nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 150 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 19.5 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 1.5 parts by mass of boric acid in 2100 parts by mass of water at 85 ℃, and cooling to 3 ℃;
(2) Spraying a half mass of the mixed solution on 1050 mass parts of fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(3) Freezing the coated fertilizer at-12 ℃, coating and melting at 3 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and cured fertilizer;
(4) spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-12 ℃, coating and melting at 3 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and cured fertilizer;
(6) and airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
Example 3
a polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer comprises 700 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 18 parts by mass of graphene and 5 parts by mass of boric acid.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains a fertilizer which is a granular nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 18 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 5 parts by mass of boric acid in 1400 parts by mass of water at 86 ℃, and cooling to 2 ℃;
(2) Spraying a half mass of the mixed solution on 700 mass parts of fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(3) Freezing the coated fertilizer at-12 ℃, coating and melting at 2 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and cured fertilizer;
(4) Spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-12 ℃, coating and melting at 2 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and cured fertilizer;
(6) and airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
example 4
a polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer comprises 6000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts by mass of graphene and 4 parts by mass of boric acid.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains a fertilizer which is a granular nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) dissolving 200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 20 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 4 parts by mass of boric acid in 3200 parts by mass of water at 88 ℃, and cooling to 4 ℃;
(2) Spraying a half mass of the mixed solution on 6000 mass parts of fertilizer until the mixed solution is completely coated;
(3) Freezing the coated fertilizer at-15 ℃, coating and melting at 5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and cured fertilizer;
(4) spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) Freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-15 ℃, coating and melting at 5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and cured fertilizer;
(6) And airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
Example 5
a polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer comprises 4080 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 120 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 24 parts by mass of graphene and 3.6 parts by mass of boric acid.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains a fertilizer which is a granular nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 120 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 24 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 3.6 parts by mass of boric acid in 2160 parts by mass of water at 90 ℃, and cooling to 5 ℃;
(2) spraying a half mass of the mixed solution on 4080 parts by mass of the fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(3) Freezing the coated fertilizer at-10 ℃, coating and melting at 5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and cured fertilizer;
(4) spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-10 ℃, coating and melting at 5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and cured fertilizer;
(6) And airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
example 6
A polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer comprises 3200 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 160 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 27.2 parts by mass of graphene and 6.4 parts by mass of boric acid.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer contains a fertilizer which is a granular nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.
The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 160 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 27.2 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 6.4 parts by mass of boric acid in 3200 parts by mass of water at 89 ℃, and cooling to 5 ℃;
(2) Spraying half mass of the mixed solution on 3200 parts by mass of the fertilizer until the mixed solution is completely coated;
(3) freezing the coated fertilizer at-15 ℃, coating and melting at 1 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and cured fertilizer;
(4) Spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) Freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-10 ℃, coating and melting at 5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and cured fertilizer;
(6) and airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer is characterized by comprising 500-7000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100-200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-40 parts by mass of graphene and 1-10 parts by mass of boric acid.
2. the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, which has a core-shell structure of a chemical fertilizer grain-graphene polyvinyl alcohol composite coating.
3. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is granular, and the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer.
4. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Dissolving 100-200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol powder, 10-40 parts by mass of graphene oxide and 1-10 parts by mass of boric acid in 1000-4000 parts by mass of water at 85-90 ℃, and cooling to 0-5 ℃;
(2) Spraying a half mass of the mixed solution on 500-7000 parts by mass of the fertilizer until the mixed solution is completely coated;
(3) freezing the coated fertilizer at-10-15 ℃, coating and melting at 1-5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a coated and solidified fertilizer;
(4) spraying the mixed solution with the other half mass on the coated and cured fertilizer until the fertilizer is completely coated;
(5) freezing the secondarily coated fertilizer at-10-15 ℃, coating and melting at 1-5 ℃, and performing freeze thawing twice to obtain a secondarily coated and solidified fertilizer;
(6) and airing the fertilizer subjected to secondary coating curing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled release fertilizer.
5. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is composed of 5000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts by mass of graphene, and 1 part by mass of boric acid.
6. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is composed of 2000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 40 parts by mass of graphene, and 10 parts by mass of boric acid.
7. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is composed of 1500 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts by mass of graphene, and 5 parts by mass of boric acid.
8. the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is composed of 1000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts by mass of graphene, and 4 parts by mass of boric acid.
9. The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is composed of 1000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts by mass of graphene, and 2 parts by mass of boric acid.
10. the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene coated controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is composed of 3000 parts by mass of a chemical fertilizer, 200 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts by mass of graphene, and 6 parts by mass of boric acid.
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Citations (7)
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| CN1076681A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-29 | 新英格兰大学 | Fertilizer coating process |
| CN1535939A (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-13 | 陈大顺 | Fertilizer coating composite, its making method and multicomponent coated granular fertilizer |
| CN1587233A (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2005-03-02 | 沈阳农业大学 | Corn drought-resistant water preserving type film coated control releasing fertilizer and producing method |
| CN101033160A (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2007-09-12 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Environment-friendly type degradable slow release fertilizer envelope agent and preparing method thereof |
| CN107794589A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-03-13 | 南通强生石墨烯科技有限公司 | The preparation method of graphene polyvinyl alcohol function and service fiber |
| CN107903111A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-13 | 马磊峰 | A kind of preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer of natural polymer subbase |
| CN109650999A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-19 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of graphene waste material embedding urea |
-
2019
- 2019-10-17 CN CN201910986318.4A patent/CN110563524A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1076681A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-29 | 新英格兰大学 | Fertilizer coating process |
| CN1535939A (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-13 | 陈大顺 | Fertilizer coating composite, its making method and multicomponent coated granular fertilizer |
| CN1587233A (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2005-03-02 | 沈阳农业大学 | Corn drought-resistant water preserving type film coated control releasing fertilizer and producing method |
| CN101033160A (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2007-09-12 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Environment-friendly type degradable slow release fertilizer envelope agent and preparing method thereof |
| CN107794589A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-03-13 | 南通强生石墨烯科技有限公司 | The preparation method of graphene polyvinyl alcohol function and service fiber |
| CN107903111A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-13 | 马磊峰 | A kind of preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer of natural polymer subbase |
| CN109650999A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-19 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of graphene waste material embedding urea |
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