CN110563272B - 用于污水处理的集成系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供用于污水处理的集成系统,所述系统包括格栅、臭氧池、水解酸化池、固液分离池、并联陶瓷膜过滤器、串联陶瓷膜过滤器,所述格栅用于分离固液,水流通过格栅进入臭氧池,所述臭氧池连接有臭氧发生器,臭氧池用于杀灭真菌与细菌,水流通过臭氧池进入水解酸化池杀灭病毒,之后进入固液分离池,固液分离池下方设置有一排污口,杀灭的细菌、真菌以及病毒形成的凝胶团以及其他杂质沉淀后沉积于固液分离池底部,定期通过固液分离池流出排污口,水流经过固液分离池后进入并联陶瓷膜过滤器,并联陶瓷膜过滤器保持高通量的水流通过,经过并联陶瓷膜过滤器进入串联陶瓷过滤器进行二次净化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理领域,尤其涉及用于污水处理的集成系统。
背景技术
医疗废水曾经多次引起公众关注,医疗废水的排放对水资源造成的危害巨大,已经成为危害群众健康的一个“源头”;部分地区真正能够达到国家排放标准的只有屈指可数的几家医院。目前,法律的不规范,环保意识的薄弱,造成了医疗废水直排和各大医院存在的“高污染,低治理”现状。
与工业废水相比,医疗废水对环境的影响更大,危害也更大。医院在运行过程中,不可避免地产生了具有直接或者间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废水,这些废水的来源决定了其成分复杂性,涉及多种生物性、化学性或放射性污染。医疗废水中除含有大量的细菌、病毒、虫卵等致病原体外,还含有化学药剂和放射性同位素,具有对空间污染、急性传染和潜伏性传染的几大特征。
如果含有病原微生物的医疗污水,不经过消毒、灭活等无害化处理,而直接排入城市下水道,往往会造成水、土壤的污染,严重的会引发各种疾病,或导致介水传染病的暴发流行。陶瓷膜过滤系统是一种可以广泛应用于各种领域的精密型超级过滤净化设备。其核心组件陶瓷膜具有优良的热稳定性与孔稳定性能,不但强度高、且耐化学腐蚀,清洗再生性能好,兼备有高效过滤与精密过滤的双重优点,日前市售陶瓷膜均存在成本高、易堵塞等不同程度的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供用于污水处理的集成系统。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,在提升污水处理处理效果,本发明提供用于污水处理的集成系统。
本发明是以如下技术方案实现的:
所述系统包括格栅、臭氧池、水解酸化池、固液分离池、并联陶瓷膜过滤器、串联陶瓷膜过滤器。
进一步地,所述格栅用于分离固液,水流通过格栅进入臭氧池,所述臭氧池连接有臭氧发生器,臭氧池用于杀灭真菌与细菌,水流通过臭氧池进入水解酸化池杀灭病毒,之后进入固液分离池,固液分离池下方设置有一排污口,杀灭的细菌、真菌以及病毒形成的凝胶团以及其他杂质沉淀后沉积于固液分离池底部,定期通过固液分离池流出排污口,水流经过固液分离池后进入并联陶瓷膜过滤器,并联陶瓷膜过滤器保持高通量的水流通过,经过并联陶瓷膜过滤器进入串联陶瓷过滤器进行二次净化。
进一步地,所述陶瓷膜过滤器包括陶瓷膜本体、第一可拆卸连接头、第二可拆卸连接头,所述陶瓷膜本体包括新型陶瓷膜、第一密封圈、第二密封圈、清洁口,所述第一可拆卸连接头包括第三密封圈和出水口,所述第二可拆卸连接头包括第三密封圈和出水口,所述陶瓷膜本体、第一可拆卸连接头、第二可拆卸连接头的方式连接包括但不限于螺纹连接、花键连接、过盈连接、铆接。
进一步地,所述新型陶瓷膜为多层结构,所述陶瓷膜包括支撑层,在支撑层上依次负载有过渡层和膜分离层,所述支撑层为一种异型滤孔陶瓷膜,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜主体结构为多孔道类圆形支撑结构,孔道数量可以为5-9条,优选地为7条,所述孔道自上而下编号1-7,其中1,2,6,7号孔道为无阻隔孔道,每条孔道最高处内径为1mm,3,4,5号孔道每隔两个类圆形孔结构设置有一支撑结构,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜含有一种新型链式化合物,结构式为
本发明具备下述有益效果:
1)本发明公开了一种分层烧结的陶瓷膜,每层膜单元的厚度从下向上呈递增的梯度分布,采用了大通量的膜结构,可以保证过滤的效率,同时又能够减少堵塞现象,而且方便对膜进行清洗处理;中心孔设置有支撑柱,同时增强了膜的刚性;本发明的制备方法简单方便,采用分层烧结的方法,提高了烧结的成功率。
2)本发明提供一种用于污水处理的集成系统,医疗废水经格栅、臭氧池、水解酸化室池、固液分离池的作用去除细菌、病毒以及真菌,通过串联及并联陶瓷膜过滤器去除剩余高毒物质,并联结构可以使废水与过滤层充分接触,把难以生物降解的有毒、有害物质降解为小分子物质,串联结构提高了废水的二次清洁水平,使医疗废水可以达到排出标准。
3)固液分离池下方设置有一排污口,杀灭的细菌、真菌以及病毒形成的凝胶团以及其他杂质沉淀后沉积于固液分离池底部,定期通过固液分离池流出排污口,水流经过固液分离池后进入并联陶瓷膜过滤器,并联陶瓷膜过滤器保持高通量的水流通过,去除医用污水中的药物废液、重金属以及其他高毒物质,经过并联陶瓷膜过滤器进入串联陶瓷过滤器进行二次净化,去除残留的有机物、无机物、重金属。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述新型陶瓷膜的横截面示意图。
图2为本发明所述新型陶瓷膜分层结构示意图,其中111-支撑层、112-过渡层、113-分离层。
图3为本发明所述陶瓷膜过滤器,其中1-陶瓷膜本体、2-第一可拆卸连接头、3-第二可拆卸连接头、11-新型陶瓷膜、12-第一密封圈、13-第二密封圈、14-清洁口、21-第三密封圈、22-出水口、31-第三密封圈、32-出水口。
图4为本发明所述无害净化设备,其中41-格栅、42-臭氧池、43-水解酸化池、44-固液分离池、45-并联陶瓷膜过滤器、46-串联陶瓷膜过滤器。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1:
材料:羟乙基纤维素(购自Sigma,粘度80-125cp),丙酮(购自Sigma,浓度99.5%),聚乙二醇(购自Merck,Mw-285-315Da),Dolapix(购自Merck,CE 64),正磷酸(购自Merck),氢氧化钙(购自Merck),盐酸(HCl,化学纯),氢氧化钠(NaOH,化学纯),以下试验所需材料,若无特殊说明,来源均为市售。
步骤一、将摩尔比为1.67的Ca(OH)2,和H3PO4混合均匀,通过湿式化学沉淀法制备HAP粉末,在合成期间保持反应环境为pH11-12,然后将合成的HAP在80℃下烘箱干燥并在800℃下煅烧,之后将HAP粉末化并保存以供进一步使用。
步骤二、制备新型链式化合物。具体地,向60ml 1,2-丙二醇中加入3.25mL,31mmol,6当量的氯化亚砜,0℃反应20分钟;向混合物中加入20mmol L-Gln,室温下置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌178小时,取产物进行薄层层析,验证表明氨基酸完全吸收,获得了一种新型链式化合物,结构式为
步骤三、用Dolapix(1.5wt%)将步骤一制备的HAP粉末(4wt%)分散在水(33wt%)中,之后加入聚乙二醇(5wt%)及羟乙基纤维素(5wt%),将上述溶液搅拌至无气泡获得溶液一,将上述溶液一与等体积的新型链式化合物混合并干燥至粉末状态,将其风干过夜,与粘土、氧化铝、成孔剂、抗絮凝剂以质量比为65:20:12:3:1的比例在650℃下以3℃/min的加热速率烧结获得异型滤孔陶瓷膜。
步骤四、用沸水洗涤异型滤孔陶瓷膜,之后用丙酮洗涤异型滤孔陶瓷膜并超声处理,从孔道中除去油状和颗粒状物质,最后将异型滤孔陶瓷膜干燥并吹气以除去灰尘颗粒。
所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜如图1,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜主体结构为多孔道类圆形支撑结构,孔道数量可以为5-9条,优选地为7条,所述孔道自上而下编号1-7,其中1,2,6,7号孔道为无阻隔孔道,每条孔道最高处内径为1mm,3,4,5号孔道每隔两个类圆形孔结构设置有一支撑结构。
实施例2:
以异型滤孔陶瓷膜为基础结构进行下一步制备,如图2所述,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜为支撑层、在支撑层上还负载有过渡层以及膜分离层,具体地,将等质量比羟乙基纤维素和氧化石墨烯纤维在聚丙烯酰胺交联固化后沿异型滤孔陶瓷膜内壁延展,将异型滤孔陶瓷膜置于电弧炉烧结中,逐渐升温至880-900℃,烧制1.5h,然后再升温至920-1120℃,烧制0.5h,最后降温至850~870℃,保温2h,冷却,得到二级异型滤孔陶瓷膜;膜分离层为涂覆的纳米银离子(购自大连和建科技发展有限公司),将纳米银离子通过聚丙烯酰胺交联固化在过渡层上,并于120℃保温3h,获得新型陶瓷膜。
实施例3:
为实现陶瓷膜的可置换性能及与其他净化原件的无缝对接,本发明还提供一种陶瓷膜过滤器,结构如图3所示,包括陶瓷膜本体1、第一可拆卸连接头2、第二可拆卸连接头3,所述陶瓷膜本体1包括新型陶瓷膜11、第一密封圈12、第二密封圈13、清洁口14,所述第一可拆卸连接头2包括第三密封圈21和出水口22,所述第二可拆卸连接头3包括第三密封圈31和出水口32。所述陶瓷膜本体1、第一可拆卸连接头2、第二可拆卸连接头3采用常规方式连接,包括但不限于螺纹连接,花键连接,过盈连接,铆接。
利用本实施例制得的陶瓷膜过滤器,进行化工污水小试实验,设每小时2.0kg通量的印染废水过滤;使用20分钟后,测量进出水的COD,结果表明陶瓷膜过滤器对有机物的去除率可达97.88%,原水盐分4.98%,出水可降至0.23%。过滤7天后,使用等比例无机盐及酒精溶液对陶瓷膜进行反冲洗,冲洗30m后,陶瓷膜恢复原色,并且检测表明表面基本无有机物残留,说明了陶瓷膜自清洁功能强,本发明提供的陶瓷膜过滤器有较高的过滤精度(过滤精度最高可达10纳米)和过滤速度,良好的清洗再生性能,适合于各种介质的精密过滤,陶瓷膜表面无毒、无味、具有良好的抗微生物侵蚀能力,除油率达95.12-97.88%,粒径大于0.5μm的悬浮物去除率达99%以上。
实施例4:
如图4所示,本发明提供一种用于污水处理的集成系统,所述设备包括格栅41、臭氧池42、水解酸化池43、固液分离池44、并联陶瓷膜过滤器45、串联陶瓷膜过滤器46,箭头指示水流方向,所述格栅用于分离固液,水流通过格栅进入臭氧池,所述臭氧池连接有臭氧发生器(规格Q=1000g/h,P=20kw),臭氧池用于杀灭真菌与细菌,水流通过臭氧池进入水解酸化池杀灭病毒,之后进入固液分离池,固液分离池下方设置有一排污口,杀灭的细菌、真菌以及病毒形成的凝胶团以及其他杂质沉淀后沉积于固液分离池底部,定期通过固液分离池流出排污口,水流经过固液分离池后进入并联陶瓷膜过滤器,并联陶瓷膜过滤器保持高通量的水流通过,去除医用污水中的药物废液、重金属以及其他高毒物质,经过并联陶瓷膜过滤器进入串联陶瓷过滤器进行二次净化,去除残留的有机物、无机物、重金属。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (3)
1.用于污水处理的集成系统,其特征在于,所述系统包括格栅、臭氧池、水解酸化池、固液分离池、并联陶瓷膜过滤器、串联陶瓷膜过滤器,所述陶瓷膜过滤器包括陶瓷膜本体、第一可拆卸连接头、第二可拆卸连接头,所述陶瓷膜本体包括新型陶瓷膜、第一密封圈、第二密封圈及清洁口;所述新型陶瓷膜包括支撑层,在支撑层上依次负载有过渡层和膜分离层,所述支撑层为一种异型滤孔陶瓷膜,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜主体结构为多孔道类圆形支撑结构,孔道数量为7条,所述孔道自上而下编号1-7,其中1,2,6,7号孔道为无阻隔孔道,每条孔道最高处内径为1mm,3,4,5号孔道每隔两个类圆形孔结构设置有一支撑结构,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜含有一种新型链式化合物,所述异型滤孔陶瓷膜的制备方法包括:步骤一、将摩尔比为1.67的Ca(OH)2,和H3PO4混合均匀,通过湿式化学沉淀法制备HAP粉末,在合成期间保持反应环境为pH 11-12,然后将合成的HAP在80℃下烘箱干燥并在800℃下煅烧,之后将HAP粉末化并保存以供进一步使用;步骤二、制备新型链式化合物,具体地,向60ml 1,2-丙二醇中加入3.25mL,31mmol,6当量的氯化亚砜,0℃反应20分钟;向混合物中加入20mmol L-Gln,室温下置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌178小时,取产物进行薄层层析,验证表明氨基酸完全吸收,获得了一种新型链式化合物,结构式为步骤三、用1.5wt%Dolapix将步骤一制备的4wt%HAP粉末分散在33wt%水中,之后加入5wt%聚乙二醇及5wt%羟乙基纤维素,将所得溶液搅拌至无气泡获得溶液一,将溶液一与等体积的新型链式化合物混合并干燥至粉末状态,将其风干过夜,与粘土、氧化铝、成孔剂、抗絮凝剂以质量比为65:20:12:3:1的比例在650℃下以3℃/min的加热速率烧结获得异型滤孔陶瓷膜;步骤四、用沸水洗涤异型滤孔陶瓷膜,之后用丙酮洗涤异型滤孔陶瓷膜并超声处理,从孔道中除去油状和颗粒状物质,最后将异型滤孔陶瓷膜干燥并吹气以除去灰尘颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述系统,其特征在于,所述格栅用于分离固液,水流通过格栅进入臭氧池,所述臭氧池连接有臭氧发生器,臭氧池用于杀灭真菌与细菌,水流通过臭氧池进入水解酸化池杀灭病毒,之后进入固液分离池,固液分离池下方设置有一排污口,杀灭的细菌、真菌以及病毒形成的凝胶团以及其他杂质沉淀后沉积于固液分离池底部,定期通过固液分离池流出排污口,水流经过固液分离池后进入并联陶瓷膜过滤器,并联陶瓷膜过滤器保持高通量的水流通过,经过并联陶瓷膜过滤器进入串联陶瓷过滤器进行二次净化。
3.根据权利要求1所述系统,其特征在于,所述陶瓷膜过滤器包括陶瓷膜本体、第一可拆卸连接头、第二可拆卸连接头,所述陶瓷膜本体包括新型陶瓷膜、第一密封圈、第二密封圈、清洁口,所述第一可拆卸连接头包括第三密封圈和出水口,所述第二可拆卸连接头包括第三密封圈和出水口,所述陶瓷膜本体、第一可拆卸连接头、第二可拆卸连接头的方式连接包括但不限于螺纹连接、花键连接、过盈连接、铆接。
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