CN110563271B - Device and method for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification - Google Patents

Device and method for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification Download PDF

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CN110563271B
CN110563271B CN201910888748.2A CN201910888748A CN110563271B CN 110563271 B CN110563271 B CN 110563271B CN 201910888748 A CN201910888748 A CN 201910888748A CN 110563271 B CN110563271 B CN 110563271B
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彭永臻
邓诗云
张琼
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract

短程硝化‑厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化实现城市生活污水深度脱氮的装置与方法,属污水生物处理领域。装置包括原水水箱,短程硝化反应器,调节水箱,厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化反应器,出水水箱。生活污水一部分进入短程硝化反应器,完成氨氧化反应后,富含NO2 ‑N的出水进入中间水箱;另一部分生活污水与短程硝化反应器出水混合后进入厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化反应器,生活污水中NH4 +‑N以及短程硝化产生的NO2 ‑N通过厌氧氨氧化作用去除;而生活污水中的有机物则被反硝化菌利用去除厌氧氨氧化反应产生的NO3 ‑N。本发明通过充分利用了生活污水中的有机物,提高了脱氮效率,实现了高效节能的城市污水深度脱氮。

Figure 201910888748

The invention discloses a device and method for realizing deep denitrification of urban domestic sewage by short-range nitrification-anammox coupled denitrification, and belongs to the field of sewage biological treatment. The device includes a raw water tank, a short-range nitrification reactor, a regulating water tank, an anammox coupled denitrification reactor, and an outlet water tank. A part of the domestic sewage enters the short-path nitrification reactor, and after the ammonia oxidation reaction is completed, the effluent rich in NO 2 -N enters the intermediate water tank; the other part of the domestic sewage is mixed with the effluent of the short-path nitrification reactor and then enters the anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled denitrification reactor , NH 4 + ‑N in domestic sewage and NO 2 - ‑N produced by short-range nitrification are removed by anammox; while the organic matter in domestic sewage is used by denitrifying bacteria to remove NO 3 produced by anammox reaction ‑N. By making full use of the organic matter in the domestic sewage, the invention improves the denitrification efficiency and realizes the deep denitrification of urban sewage with high efficiency and energy saving.

Figure 201910888748

Description

Device and method for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification, belonging to the field of sewage biological treatment and being suitable for deep denitrification of low C/N ratio municipal domestic sewage.
Background
The pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies is caused by urban sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater and the like which are discharged in large quantities by human activities. Wherein the nitrogen in the municipal sewage mainly exists in the form of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, which not only has great threat to human health; meanwhile, water eutrophication can be caused, the ecological environment is damaged, and water resource shortage is caused. The traditional biological treatment technology for nitrifying and denitrifying sewage has the problems of insufficient carbon source, high energy consumption and low denitrification efficiency. The discovery of anaerobic ammonia oxidation provides a new way for realizing sewage denitrification with high efficiency and energy saving. At present, sewage denitrification is mainly carried out by coupling a short-cut nitrification process and an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, and the method has the advantages of aeration quantity saving, no need of an additional carbon source and low sludge yield.
The short-cut nitrification is realized by controlling the traditional nitrification process in the ammoxidation stage in a real-time control mode, namely, in the nitrification process, when the ammoxidation reaction is finished, H is not generated in the system any more+The pH value change curve has an inflection point of changing from descending to ascending, namely an ammonia nitrogen valley point, so that the system can be monitored in real timeThe pH value in the system changes, the aeration is stopped when the pH curve reaches the ammonia nitrogen valley point, the nitration reaction is controlled at the ammonia oxidation stage, and the substrate NO is provided for the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction2 --N。
In addition, a certain amount of nitrate nitrogen is generated in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, and the effluent sometimes does not reach the standard. The problem can be solved by introducing a certain amount of organic matters into the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor to construct an anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification system. On one hand, denitrification consumes organic matters in sewage to generate CO2Providing a proper growth environment and an inorganic carbon source for the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria; intermediate product NO of simultaneous denitrification process2 -N can be utilized by anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria in situ to react, and a substrate is provided for anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction; on the other hand, although the organic matters do not participate in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, the organic matters are main substances for synthesizing anaerobic ammonia oxidation cells, the growth rate of microorganisms can be accelerated by adding a certain amount of organic matters into an anaerobic ammonia oxidation system, and research shows that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is promoted to a certain extent by adding the organic matters, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction can be cooperated with denitrification reaction to remove total nitrogen in the system, the removal rate of the total nitrogen in the system is improved, and the quality of effluent water is improved.
According to the invention, part of organic matters in the domestic sewage are introduced into the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor to construct the anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification system, so that the efficient utilization of the organic matters in the domestic sewage is realized, and the denitrification performance of the system is further improved; in addition, the method of combining hypoxia aeration with real-time control is adopted to realize stable short-cut nitrification, and has the advantages of low energy consumption and low treatment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification, and aims to solve the problem of insufficient carbon source in the traditional sewage treatment process and improve the quality of effluent.
The invention provides a device for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification, which is characterized in that: the system is provided with a raw water tank (1), a short-cut nitrification reactor (PN-SBR) (2), a middle water tank (3) and an up-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor (SAD-UASB) (4); the raw water tank (1) is provided with a water inlet pump I (1.1) and a water inlet pump II (1.2); the short-cut nitrification reactor (2) is provided with a stirring device (2.1), a pH/DO tester (2.2), an aeration device (2.3), a gas flow meter (2.4), an air pump (2.5), a drain valve (2.6) and a mud valve (2.7); the middle water tank (3) is provided with a water inlet pump III (3.1); the upflow anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor (4) is provided with a pH/DO tester (4.1), a temperature control device (4.2), a U-shaped water outlet pipe (4.3) and a gas collection port (4.4).
The raw water tank (1) is connected with a water inlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor (2) through a water inlet pump I (1.1); the water outlet of the process nitrification reactor ((2) is connected with the intermediate water tank (3) through a drain valve (2.6), the water inlet of the up-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor (4) is connected with the intermediate water tank (3) through a water inlet pump III (3.1) and is connected with the raw water tank through a water inlet pump II (1.2), and the water outlet of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge reactor (4) is drained through a U-shaped water outlet pipe (4.3).
Meanwhile, the method for realizing deep denitrification of the municipal domestic sewage by coupling shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification comprises the following steps:
1) starting the system:
1.1) starting up the short-cut nitrification reactor: and (3) inoculating the short-range nitrification floc sludge, controlling the sludge concentration to be 2500-3000 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time to be 4-5 h, and the sludge age to be 10-15 d. When the reactor is discharged with water NO2 -The accumulation rate of-N is more than 90%, and the effluent NH4 +And when the N concentration is less than 5mg/L, the start-up of the short-cut nitrification reactor is considered to be successful.
1.2) starting an anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor: inoculating anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge with the average grain diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm; controlling the sludge concentration to be 4000-5000 mg/L, the ascending flow velocity to be 0.5m/h, and the hydraulic retention time to be 150-160 min; the sludge is not actively discharged in the operation process; controlling the temperature in the reactor to be 30 +/-1 ℃ by a temperature control device; when reactor effluent NH4 +-N and NO2 -When the N concentration is less than 5mg/L,i.e. the reactor is considered to have been started up successfully.
2) And (3) starting the running operation after success:
1.1) domestic sewage enters the short-cut nitrification reactor through the water inlet pump I, the stirring device is started, and the residual NO in the previous period is treated by using organic matters in the domestic sewage2 --N is removed by denitrification with a reaction time of 30 min; and then starting an air pump, controlling the dissolved oxygen to be 0.3-0.5 mg/L by adjusting a gas flow meter, carrying out short-range nitration reaction, controlling the aeration time (1.5-2 h) according to the ammonia nitrogen valley point of the pH change curve which is changed from descending to ascending, closing a stirring device and the air pump when the pH change reaches the ammonia nitrogen valley point, standing and precipitating for 30-60 min, then starting a drain valve, wherein the drain ratio is 50%, and controlling the sludge age to be 10-15 d by regularly discharging sludge.
1.2) mixing raw water and sewage of an intermediate water tank in proportion through a water inlet pump II and a water inlet pump III, pumping the mixture into an anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification reactor, and controlling inlet water NH4 +The concentration of-N is 12-15 mg/L, NO2 -The N concentration is 15-20 mg/L, and the COD concentration is 55-60 mg/L; controlling the hydraulic retention time to be 150-160 min; the sludge is not actively discharged in the operation process; the temperature in the reactor is controlled to be 30 +/-1 ℃ by a temperature control device. NH in domestic wastewater by anaerobic ammoxidation4 +N with NO produced by short-cut nitration2 -Conversion of-N to N2(ii) a The denitrifying bacteria utilize organic matters in raw water to carry out anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction to generate NO3 -Conversion of-N to N2(ii) a The effluent overflows and is discharged through a U-shaped water outlet pipe.
Compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification sewage treatment process, the method for realizing the deep denitrification of the urban domestic sewage by coupling the shortcut nitrification and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation with denitrification provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) organic matters in raw water are fully utilized as a carbon source, and by-products of anaerobic ammoxidation are removed through denitrification, so that the denitrification efficiency of the system is improved, and the quality of effluent water is improved;
2) the combined real-time control of the hypoxia aeration is beneficial to the stable maintenance of the short-cut nitrification, the aeration energy consumption can be saved, and the treatment cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
1-raw water tank; 1.1-water inlet pump I; 2-denitrifying phosphorus removal-shortcut nitrification biomembrane reactor; 2.1-stirring device; 2.2-pH/DO meter; 2.3-aeration device; 2.4-gas flow meter; 2.5-air pump; 2.6-drain valve I; 2.7-drain valve II; 2.8-a mud valve I; 3-a first intermediate water tank; 3.1-water inlet pump II; 4-an anaerobic ammoxidation reactor; 4.1-pH/DO meter; 4.2-temperature control device; 4.3-drain valve III; 4.4-gas collection port; 4.5-mud valve II.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for realizing deep denitrification of municipal domestic sewage by short-cut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification comprises a raw water tank (1), a short-cut nitrification reactor (PN-SBR) (2), an intermediate water tank (3) and an up-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor (SAD-UASB) (4); the raw water tank (1) is provided with a water inlet pump I (1.1) and a water inlet pump II (1.2); the short-cut nitrification reactor (2) is provided with a stirring device (2.1), a pH/DO tester (2.2), an aeration device (2.3), a gas flow meter (2.4), an air pump (2.5), a drain valve (2.6) and a mud valve (2.7); the middle water tank (3) is provided with a water inlet pump III (3.1); the upflow anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor (4) is provided with a pH/DO tester (4.1), a temperature control device (4.2), a U-shaped water outlet pipe (4.3) and a gas collection port (4.4).
The raw water tank (1) is connected with a water inlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor (2) through a water inlet pump I (1.1); the water outlet of the process nitrification reactor ((2) is connected with the intermediate water tank (3) through a drain valve (2.6), the water inlet of the up-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor (4) is connected with the intermediate water tank (3) through a water inlet pump III (3.1) and is connected with the raw water tank through a water inlet pump II (1.2), and the water outlet of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge reactor (4) is drained through a U-shaped water outlet pipe (4.3).
The method adopts the actual domestic sewage of a certain Beijing community as the inlet water, inspects the denitrification and carbon removal performance of the system, and specifically comprises the following operations:
1) starting the system:
1.1) starting up the short-cut nitrification reactor: and (3) inoculating the short-range nitrification floc sludge, controlling the sludge concentration to be 2500-3000 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time to be 4-5 h, and the sludge age to be 10-15 d. When the reactor is discharged with water NO2 -The accumulation rate of-N is more than 90%, and the effluent NH4 +And when the N concentration is less than 5mg/L, the start-up of the short-cut nitrification reactor is considered to be successful.
1.2) starting an anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification granular sludge reactor: inoculating anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge with the average grain diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm; controlling the sludge concentration to be 4000-5000 mg/L, the ascending flow velocity to be 0.5m/h, and the hydraulic retention time to be 150-160 min; the sludge is not actively discharged in the operation process; controlling the temperature in the reactor to be 30 +/-1 ℃ by a temperature control device; when reactor effluent NH4 +-N and NO2 -And when the N concentration is less than 5mg/L, the reactor is considered to be started successfully.
2) And (3) starting the running operation after success:
1.1) domestic sewage enters the short-cut nitrification reactor through the water inlet pump I, the stirring device is started, and the residual NO in the previous period is treated by using organic matters in the domestic sewage2 --N is removed by denitrification with a reaction time of 30 min; and then starting an air pump, controlling the dissolved oxygen to be 0.3-0.5 mg/L by adjusting a gas flow meter, carrying out short-range nitration reaction, controlling the aeration time (1.5-2 h) according to the ammonia nitrogen valley point of the pH change curve which is changed from descending to ascending, closing a stirring device and the air pump when the pH change reaches the ammonia nitrogen valley point, standing and precipitating for 30-60 min, then starting a drain valve, wherein the drain ratio is 50%, and controlling the sludge age to be 10-15 d by regularly discharging sludge.
1.2) mixing raw water and sewage of an intermediate water tank in proportion through a water inlet pump II and a water inlet pump III, pumping the mixture into an anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupling denitrification reactor, and controlling inlet water NH4 +The concentration of-N is 12-15 mg/L, NO2 -The N concentration is 15-20 mg/L, and the COD concentration is 55-60 mg/L; controlling the hydraulic retention time to150-160 min; the sludge is not actively discharged in the operation process; the temperature in the reactor is controlled to be 30 +/-1 ℃ by a temperature control device. NH in domestic wastewater by anaerobic ammoxidation4 +N with NO produced by short-cut nitration2 -Conversion of-N to N2(ii) a The denitrifying bacteria utilize organic matters in raw water to carry out anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction to generate NO3 -Conversion of-N to N2(ii) a The effluent overflows and is discharged through a U-shaped water outlet pipe.
The effect of the run during the test was as follows: in the water supply NH4 +The concentration of the-N, COD is 47.7-63.4 mg/L and 120.4-241.3 mg/L respectively, the average C/N is 3.35, and NH of effluent water is obtained after the system is stably operated4 +The average concentrations of-N, TIN and COD are respectively 0.39, 1.58 and 38.39mg/L, which is superior to the national first-class A discharge standard, and the effluent quality is good.

Claims (1)

1.一种短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化处理城市生活污水的方法,该方法所采用的装置具体如下:设有原水箱(1)、短程硝化反应器 (2)、中间水箱(3)和上流式厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化颗粒污泥反应器 (4);原水箱(1)设有进水泵Ⅰ(1.1)和进水泵Ⅱ(1.2);短程硝化反应器(2)设有搅拌装置(2.1)、第一pH/DO测定仪(2.2)、曝气装置(2.3)、气体流量计(2.4)、空气泵(2.5)、排水阀(2.6)和排泥阀(2.7);中间水箱(3)设有进水泵Ⅲ(3.1);上流式厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化颗粒污泥反应器(4)设有第二pH/DO测定仪(4.1)、温控装置(4.2)、U型出水管(4.3)和集气口(4.4);1. a method for short-range nitrification-anammox coupled denitrification treatment of urban domestic sewage, the device adopted by the method is specifically as follows: be provided with a raw water tank (1), a short-range nitrification reactor (2), an intermediate water tank (3 ) and the up-flow anammox coupled denitrification granular sludge reactor (4); the raw water tank (1) is provided with an inlet pump I (1.1) and an inlet pump II (1.2); the short-path nitrification reactor (2) is provided with Stirring device (2.1), first pH/DO measuring instrument (2.2), aeration device (2.3), gas flow meter (2.4), air pump (2.5), drain valve (2.6) and sludge discharge valve (2.7); The intermediate water tank (3) is provided with an inlet pump III (3.1); the up-flow anammox coupled denitrification granular sludge reactor (4) is provided with a second pH/DO measuring instrument (4.1) and a temperature control device (4.2) , U-shaped water outlet pipe (4.3) and air collecting port (4.4); 所述原水箱(1)通过进水泵Ⅰ(1.1)与短程硝化反应器(2)进水口相连;短 程硝化反应器(2)出水口通过排水阀(2.6)与中间水箱(3)相连;上流式厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化颗粒污泥反应器(4)进水口通过进水泵Ⅲ(3.1)与中间水箱(3)相连,通过进水泵Ⅱ(1.2)与原水箱相连;厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥反应器(4)出水口通过U型出水管(4.3)进行排水;The raw water tank (1) is connected to the water inlet of the short-path nitrification reactor (2) through the inlet pump I (1.1); the water outlet of the short-path nitrification reactor (2) is connected to the intermediate water tank (3) through a drain valve (2.6); The water inlet of the anammox coupled denitrification granular sludge reactor (4) is connected to the intermediate water tank (3) through the intake pump III (3.1), and is connected to the original water tank through the intake pump II (1.2); The water outlet of the sludge reactor (4) is drained through the U-shaped water outlet pipe (4.3); 其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:It is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps: 1)系统的启动:1) System startup: 1.1) 短程硝化反应器的启动:接种短程硝化絮体污泥,控制污泥浓度为2500~3000mg/L,水力停留时间4~5h,污泥龄10~15d;当该反应器出水NO2 --N积累率达90%以上,且出水NH4 +-N浓度小于5mg/L时,即认为短程硝化反应器启动成功;1.1) Start-up of the short-range nitrification reactor: inoculate the short-range nitrification floc sludge, control the sludge concentration to be 2500~3000mg/L, the hydraulic retention time to 4~5h, and the sludge age to be 10~15d; when the effluent NO 2 - When the -N accumulation rate reaches more than 90%, and the NH 4 + -N concentration in the effluent is less than 5 mg/L, the short-path nitrification reactor is considered to be successfully started; 1.2) 厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化颗粒污泥反应器的启动:接种厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,平均粒径为0.3~0.5mm;控制污泥浓度为4000~5000mg/L,上升流速为0.5m/h,水力停留时间为150~160min;运行过程中不主动排泥;通过温控装置控制反应器内温度为30±1℃;当反应器出水NH4 +-N及NO2 --N浓度均小于5mg/L时,即认为该反应器已启动成功;1.2) Start-up of anammox coupled denitrification granular sludge reactor: inoculate anammox granular sludge with an average particle size of 0.3~0.5mm; control the sludge concentration to 4000~5000mg/L, and the rising flow rate to 0.5 m/h, the hydraulic retention time is 150~160min; the sludge is not actively discharged during operation; the temperature in the reactor is controlled by the temperature control device to be 30±1℃; when the effluent of the reactor is NH 4 + -N and NO 2 - -N When the concentration is less than 5mg/L, it is considered that the reactor has been successfully started; 2)启动成功后的运行操作:2) Operation after successful startup: 1.1) 生活污水通过进水泵Ⅰ进入短程硝化反应器中,开启搅拌装置,利用生活污水中的有机物将上一周期剩余的NO2 --N通过反硝化作用去除,反应时间为30min;随后开启空气泵,通过调节气体流量计控制溶解氧为0.3~0.5mg/L,进行短程硝化反应,根据pH变化曲线出现由下降转上升的“氨氮谷点”控制曝气时间,当pH变化到达“氨氮谷点”时,关闭搅拌装置与空气泵,静置沉淀30~60min后开启排水阀,排水比为50%,通过定期排泥控制污泥龄为10~15d;1.1) The domestic sewage enters the short-range nitrification reactor through the inlet pump I, the stirring device is turned on, and the organic matter in the domestic sewage is used to remove the remaining NO 2 - -N in the previous cycle through denitrification, and the reaction time is 30min; then open the air The pump controls the dissolved oxygen to be 0.3~0.5mg/L by adjusting the gas flow meter, and performs short-range nitrification reaction. According to the pH change curve, the “ammonia nitrogen valley point” appears from falling to rising to control the aeration time. When the pH change reaches the “ammonia nitrogen valley point” Turn off the stirring device and the air pump, and then open the drain valve after standing for 30-60 minutes, the drainage ratio is 50%, and the sludge age is controlled to be 10-15d by regular sludge discharge; 1.2) 通过进水泵Ⅱ和进水泵Ⅲ将原水与中间水箱的污水混合后泵入厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化反应器内,控制进水NH4 +-N浓度在12~15mg/L,NO2 --N浓度为15~20mg/L,COD浓度为55~60mg/L;控制水力停留时间为150~160min;运行过程中不主动排泥;通过温控装置控制反应器内温度为30±1℃;通过厌氧氨氧化作用将生活污水中的NH4 +-N与短程硝化产生的NO2 --N转化为N2;而反硝化菌利用原水中有机物将厌氧氨氧化反应产生的NO3 --N转化为N2;出水通过U型出水管溢流排出。1.2) The raw water is mixed with the sewage in the intermediate water tank by the feed pump II and the feed pump III, and then pumped into the anammox coupled denitrification reactor, and the concentration of NH 4 + -N in the feed water is controlled at 12~15mg/L, NO 2 - -N concentration is 15~20mg/L, COD concentration is 55~60mg/L; hydraulic retention time is controlled to be 150~160min; sludge is not actively discharged during operation; the temperature in the reactor is controlled by the temperature control device to be 30±1 ℃; NH 4 + -N in domestic sewage and NO 2 - -N produced by short-range nitrification are converted into N 2 by anammox; while denitrifying bacteria use organic matter in raw water to convert NO produced by anammox reaction 3 - -N is converted into N 2 ; the effluent is discharged through the overflow of the U-shaped outlet pipe.
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