CN110562043B - Electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on pneumatic motor' double mode - Google Patents
Electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on pneumatic motor' double mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN110562043B CN110562043B CN201910886874.4A CN201910886874A CN110562043B CN 110562043 B CN110562043 B CN 110562043B CN 201910886874 A CN201910886874 A CN 201910886874A CN 110562043 B CN110562043 B CN 110562043B
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pneumatic motor-based 'dual-mode' electric automobile braking energy recovery system, and belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction. According to the invention, on the premise of ensuring safe running of the automobile, the pneumatic motor is operated in the compressor mode through recovery of braking energy, so that not only can the braking performance of the electric automobile be improved, but also the energy use efficiency is improved, the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is increased, the charge and discharge times of the power battery are reduced, and the service life of the power battery is prolonged. The super capacitor has the characteristics of high power density and long service life, so that the use of the super capacitor meets the instantaneous high power requirement of the electric automobile, and when the electric automobile is braked, the super capacitor is used as an auxiliary energy storage system to absorb the high current generated in the braking energy recovery of the electric automobile, so that the damage of the high charge and discharge current to the power battery is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pneumatic motor-based 'dual-mode' electric automobile braking energy recovery system, and belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Background
With the continuous development of global economy, the quantity of automobile maintenance in the world is in a continuous trend. Automobiles are one of the main sources of energy consumption and environmental pollution, and electric automobiles are considered as one of the effective ways to solve the problems of environmental pollution, energy crisis and the like brought by the automobile industry. Due to the limitation of battery capacity, electric automobiles face the problem of endurance and the like. Braking energy recovery automobiles are important energy-saving technologies for electric automobiles and traditional internal combustion engines. The pure electric vehicle will generate a large battery charging current or motor armature current during the energy recovery process, which has a large influence on the life of the battery and even damages the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, combines an electric automobile braking energy recovery technology with a pneumatic motor, and provides an electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on a pneumatic motor in a 'dual mode'.
The pneumatic motor converts the energy of the compressed air into the mechanical energy of continuous rotation, and has the advantages of low price, convenient operation and use, easy maintenance, stepless speed change and the like. The pneumatic motor and the generator are coupled to form a pneumatic motor power generation system, and the pneumatic motor is driven by compressed air to drive the generator to generate power. Under the premise of ensuring safe running of the automobile, the pneumatic motor is enabled to work in a compressor mode through recovery of braking energy, so that the braking performance of the electric automobile can be improved, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is increased, the charge and discharge times of the power battery are reduced, and the service life of the power battery is prolonged. The super capacitor has the characteristics of high power density and long service life, the use of the super capacitor meets the instantaneous high power requirement of the electric automobile, and when the electric automobile is braked, the super capacitor is used as an auxiliary energy storage system for absorbing the high current generated in the braking energy recovery of the electric automobile, so that the damage of the high charge and discharge current to the power battery is avoided.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
an electric automobile and braking energy recovery system based on a pneumatic motor in a 'dual mode' mainly comprises a pneumatic motor power generation system and a pneumatic motor braking energy recovery system.
The air motor power generation system includes: compressed air (1), a pneumatic motor (2), a coupling (3), a generator (4), a first rectifier (5), a voltage stabilizer (6), a first relay (7), a power battery (8), a DC/DC converter (9), a super capacitor (10), a second relay (11), an energy control system (12), a third relay (13), an inverter (14), a fourth relay (15), a driving motor (16), a differential (17), a clutch (18), a driving wheel (19), a speed spectrum (20), a power spectrum (21), a cylinder (25), a first intake valve (26), a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29); an exhaust valve I (30), a temperature sensor II (31), a pressure sensor II (32) and a flow meter II (33); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43); temperature sensor five (44), pressure sensor five (45). Wherein the first inlet valve (26) and the first outlet valve (30) are arranged on the cylinder (25); a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29) are arranged on the first inlet valve (26); the second temperature sensor (31), the second pressure sensor (32) and the second flowmeter (33) are positioned on the first exhaust valve (30); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45) are arranged on the air cylinder (25); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43) are located in the cylinder (25).
The pneumatic motor braking energy recovery system includes: compressed air (1), a pneumatic motor (2), a power battery (8), a DC/DC converter (9), a super capacitor (10), a relay II (11), an energy control system (12), a relay III (13), an inverter (14), a relay IV (15), a driving motor (16), a differential (17), a clutch (18), a driving wheel (19), a speed spectrum (20), a power spectrum (21), a braking energy feedback control unit (22), a relay V (23), a rectifier II (24), a cylinder (25), an air inlet valve II (34), a temperature sensor III (35), a pressure sensor III (36) and a flowmeter III (37); an exhaust valve II (38), a pressure sensor IV (39), a temperature sensor IV (40) and a flow meter IV (41); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45); the second inlet valve (34) and the second outlet valve (38) are arranged on the cylinder (25); a temperature sensor III (35), a pressure sensor III (36) and a flowmeter III (37) are arranged on the air inlet valve II (34); the fourth pressure sensor (39), the fourth temperature sensor (40) and the fourth flowmeter (41) are positioned on the second exhaust valve (38); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45) are arranged on the air cylinder (25); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43) are located in the cylinder (25).
The working principle of the electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on the pneumatic motor 'double mode' is as follows: compressed air (1) passes through a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29) in the process of entering a cylinder (25) through an inlet valve (26), then passes through a fifth temperature sensor (44) and a fifth pressure sensor (45) in the cylinder, and finally passes through a second temperature sensor (31), a second pressure sensor (32) and a second flowmeter (33) in the process of discharging air through an exhaust valve (30), so that when the pneumatic motor (2) is driven, the pneumatic motor (2) drives a generator (4) through a coupler (3) to generate electricity, and indirectly controls the air pressure and the air flow entering the cylinder (25) by adjusting the opening of the inlet valve (26) according to the power requirement of a driving motor (16); compressed air (1) entering the air cylinder (25) pushes the piston (42) to do work; the generator (4) generates electric energy through a rectifier I (5) and a voltage stabilizer (6), and controls the opening and closing states of a relay I (7) and a relay II (11) connected with the voltage stabilizer (6) according to the nuclear charge quantity (state of charge, SOC) of a current power battery (8) and a super capacitor (10) through an energy control system (12), so that the charging process of the power battery (8) and the super capacitor (10) is completed; the air motor is in expander mode at this time.
When the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, a braking energy feedback control unit (22) determines a braking energy recovery mode according to the state of the driving wheel (19), and the current speed spectrum (20) and the current power spectrum (21): a driving motor power generation mode, a pneumatic motor compressor mode, a driving motor power generation and pneumatic motor compressor combined mode and a pneumatic motor locking mode. The driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17); the braking energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23) and charges the super capacitor (10) through the rectifier two (24), and the super capacitor (10) can charge the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and is in a driving motor power generation mode at the moment; when the braking force required by the electric automobile is larger than the rated torque of the driving motor, the braking energy feedback control unit (22) couples the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve II (34), and after being compressed in the air cylinder, the air is discharged through the air outlet valve II (38) to generate the compressed air (1), and the pneumatic motor is in a compressor mode.
When the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, the SOC of the power battery (10) is between 50% and 75%, the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), the driving motor (16) generates electricity at the moment, the brake energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23) to charge the super capacitor (10) through the rectifier two (24), and the super capacitor (10) can charge the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and the mode of power generation of the driving motor is the moment;
when the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, and the braking torque required by the electric automobile is larger than the rated torque of the driving motor (16), if the SOC of the power battery (10) is between 50% and 75%, the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), the driving motor (16) generates electricity at the moment, the braking energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23), the super capacitor (10) is charged through the rectifier two (24), the super capacitor (10) can charge the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), and at the moment, the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve two (34), and after the air is compressed in the air cylinder, the air outlet valve two (38) generates compressed air (1) for the combined mode of the driving motor and the pneumatic motor compressor.
When the electric automobile needs emergency braking, the relay five (23) can be closed through the braking energy feedback control unit (22), the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2), air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve two (34), after being compressed in the air cylinder, the air outlet valve two (38) is closed, compressed air forms a compression spring in the air cylinder (25), at the moment, the pneumatic motor (2) is in a 'locking' state, and is transmitted to the driving motor (16) through the clutch (18), and finally transmitted to the driving wheel (19), and the electric automobile stops moving, at the moment, is in a pneumatic motor locking mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts a dual mode of the pneumatic motor, when the pneumatic motor is in an expander mode, the pneumatic motor is used as a range extender of the electric automobile; when the pneumatic motor is in the compressor mode, the pneumatic motor not only can provide braking torque for the electric automobile, but also can generate compressed air.
2. When the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, under the premise of ensuring braking safety, the pneumatic motor and the composite power supply system are cooperated, and the pneumatic motor and the driving motor are mutually matched to form different working modes: the device comprises a driving motor power generation mode, a pneumatic motor compressor mode, a driving motor power generation and pneumatic motor compressor combined mode and a pneumatic motor locking mode. Therefore, safety accidents caused by braking failure are avoided, the braking performance of the electric automobile is enhanced, the running safety of the electric automobile is ensured, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
3. Under the premise of ensuring safe running of the automobile, the pneumatic motor is enabled to work in a compressor mode through recovery of braking energy, so that the braking performance of the electric automobile can be improved, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is increased, the charge and discharge times of the power battery are reduced, and the service life of the power battery is prolonged. The super capacitor has the characteristics of high power density and long service life, so that the use of the super capacitor meets the instantaneous high power requirement of the electric automobile, and when the electric automobile is braked, the super capacitor is used as an auxiliary energy storage system to absorb the high current generated in the braking energy recovery of the electric automobile, so that the damage of the high charge and discharge current to the power battery is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle and braking energy recovery system based on a "dual mode" pneumatic motor
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic motor
In the figure: 1. compressed air; 2. a pneumatic motor; 3. a coupling; 4. a generator; 5. a first rectifier; 6. a voltage stabilizer; 7. a first relay; 8. a power battery; 9. a DC/DC converter; 10. a super capacitor; 11. a second relay; 12. an energy control system; 13. a third relay; 14. an inverter; 15. a relay IV; 16. a driving motor; 17. a differential; 18. a clutch; 19. a driving wheel; 20. a velocity spectrum; 21. a power spectrum; 22. a braking energy feedback control unit; 23. a fifth relay; 24. a rectifier II; 25. a cylinder; 26. an inlet valve I; 27. a first flowmeter; 28. a first temperature sensor; 29. a first pressure sensor; 30. an exhaust valve I; 31. a second temperature sensor; 32. a second pressure sensor; 33. a second flowmeter; 34. an air inlet valve II; 35. a third temperature sensor; 36. a third pressure sensor; 37. a third flowmeter; 38. exhaust valves two and 39 and a pressure sensor four; 40. a temperature sensor IV; 41. a fourth flowmeter; 42. a piston; 43. a connecting rod; 44. a temperature sensor; 45. and a pressure sensor five.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an electric automobile and a braking energy recovery system based on a pneumatic motor in a "dual mode" mode. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1. compressed air; 2. a pneumatic motor; 3. a coupling; 4. a generator; 5. a first rectifier; 6. a voltage stabilizer; 7. a first relay; 8. a power battery; 9. a DC/DC converter; 10. a super capacitor; 11. a second relay; 12. an energy control system; 13. a third relay; 14. an inverter; 15. a relay IV; 16. a driving motor; 17. a differential; 18. a clutch; 19. a driving wheel; 20. a velocity spectrum; 21. a power spectrum; 22. a braking energy feedback control unit; 23. a fifth relay; 24. a rectifier II; 25. a cylinder; 26. an inlet valve I; 27. a first flowmeter; 28. a first temperature sensor; 29. a first pressure sensor; 30. an exhaust valve I; 31. a second temperature sensor; 32. a second pressure sensor; 33. a second flowmeter; 34. an air inlet valve II; 35. a third temperature sensor; 36. a third pressure sensor; 37. a third flowmeter; 38. exhaust valves two and 39 and a pressure sensor four; 40. a temperature sensor IV; 41. a fourth flowmeter; 42. a piston; 43. a connecting rod; 44. a temperature sensor; 45. and a pressure sensor five.
The air motor power generation system includes: compressed air (1), a pneumatic motor (2), a coupling (3), a generator (4), a first rectifier (5), a voltage stabilizer (6), a first relay (7), a power battery (8), a DC/DC converter (9), a super capacitor (10), a second relay (11), an energy control system (12), a third relay (13), an inverter (14), a fourth relay (15), a driving motor (16), a differential (17), a clutch (18), a driving wheel (19), a speed spectrum (20), a power spectrum (21), a cylinder (25), a first intake valve (26), a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29); an exhaust valve I (30), a temperature sensor II (31), a pressure sensor II (32) and a flow meter II (33); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43); temperature sensor five (44), pressure sensor five (45). Wherein the first inlet valve (26) and the first outlet valve (30) are arranged on the cylinder (25); a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29) are arranged on the first inlet valve (26); the second temperature sensor (31), the second pressure sensor (32) and the second flowmeter (33) are positioned on the first exhaust valve (30); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45) are arranged on the air cylinder (25); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43) are located in the cylinder (25).
The pneumatic motor braking energy recovery system includes: compressed air (1), a pneumatic motor (2), a driving motor (16), a differential (17), a clutch (18), a driving wheel (19), a speed spectrum (20), a power spectrum (21), a braking energy feedback control unit (22), a relay five (23), a rectifier two (24), a cylinder (25), an air inlet valve two (34), a temperature sensor three (35), a pressure sensor three (36) and a flowmeter three (37); an exhaust valve II (38), a pressure sensor IV (39), a temperature sensor IV (40) and a flow meter IV (41); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45); the second inlet valve (34) and the second outlet valve (38) are arranged on the cylinder (25); a temperature sensor III (35), a pressure sensor III (36) and a flowmeter III (37) are arranged on the air inlet valve II (34); the fourth pressure sensor (39), the fourth temperature sensor (40) and the fourth flowmeter (41) are positioned on the second exhaust valve (38); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45) are arranged on the air cylinder (25); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43) are located in the cylinder (25).
The working principle of the extended range electric vehicle based on the pneumatic motor is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the working principle of the electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on the pneumatic motor 'double mode' is as follows: compressed air (1) passes through a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29) in the process of entering a cylinder (25) through an inlet valve (26), then passes through a fifth temperature sensor (44) and a fifth pressure sensor (45) in the cylinder, and finally passes through a second temperature sensor (31), a second pressure sensor (32) and a second flowmeter (33) in the process of discharging air through an exhaust valve (30), so that when the pneumatic motor (2) is driven, the pneumatic motor (2) drives a generator (4) through a coupler (3) to generate electricity, and indirectly controls the air pressure and the air flow entering the cylinder (25) by adjusting the opening of the inlet valve (26) according to the power requirement of a driving motor (16); compressed air (1) entering the air cylinder (25) pushes the piston to apply work; the generator (4) generates electric energy through a rectifier I (5) and a voltage stabilizer (6), and controls the opening and closing states of a relay I (7) and a relay II (11) connected with the voltage stabilizer (6) according to the nuclear charge quantity (state of charge, SOC) of the power battery (8) and the super capacitor (10) through an energy control system (12), so that the charging process of the power battery (8) and the super capacitor (10) is completed; the air motor is in expander mode at this time.
When the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, a braking energy feedback control unit (22) determines a braking energy recovery mode according to the state of the driving wheel (19), and the current speed spectrum (20) and the current power spectrum (21): a driving motor power generation mode, a pneumatic motor compressor mode, a driving motor power generation and pneumatic motor compressor combined mode and a pneumatic motor locking mode. The driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), and the driving motor (16) works in a power generation mode; the braking energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23) and charges the super capacitor (10) through the rectifier two (24), and the super capacitor (10) can charge the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and is in a driving motor power generation mode at the moment; when the braking force required by the electric automobile is larger than the rated torque of the driving motor, at the moment, the braking energy feedback control unit (22) couples the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve II (34), and after being compressed in the air cylinder, the compressed air (1) is generated through the air outlet valve II (38), and at the moment, the pneumatic motor is in a compressor mode.
When the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, if the SOC of the power battery (10) is greater than 75%, the relay five (23) can be closed through the brake energy feedback control unit (22), the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve II (34), after being compressed in the air cylinder, the compressed air (1) is generated through the air outlet valve II (38), and at the moment, the pneumatic motor is in a compressor mode.
When the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, if the SOC of the power battery (10) is between 50% and 75%, the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), the driving motor (16) generates electricity at the moment, the brake energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23) to charge the super capacitor (10) through the rectifier two (24), and the super capacitor (10) can charge the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), so that the electric automobile is in a power generation mode;
when the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, and the braking torque required by the electric automobile is larger than the rated torque of the driving motor (16), if the SOC of the power battery (10) is between 50% and 75%, the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), the driving motor (16) generates electricity at the moment, the braking energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23), the super capacitor (10) is charged through the rectifier two (24), the super capacitor (10) can charge the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), and at the moment, the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve two (34), and after the air is compressed in the air cylinder, the air outlet valve two (38) generates compressed air (1) for the combined mode of the driving motor and the pneumatic motor compressor.
When the electric automobile needs emergency braking, the relay five (23) can be closed through the braking energy feedback control unit (22), the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2), air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve two (34), after being compressed in the air cylinder, the air outlet valve two (38) is closed, compressed air forms a compression spring in the air cylinder (25), at the moment, the pneumatic motor (2) is in a 'locking' state, and is transmitted to the driving motor (16) through the clutch (18), and finally transmitted to the driving wheel (19), and the electric automobile stops moving, at the moment, is in a pneumatic motor locking mode.
Claims (2)
1. An electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on pneumatic motor "dual mode", mainly includes pneumatic motor power generation system and pneumatic motor braking energy recovery system, its characterized in that:
the air motor power generation system includes: compressed air (1), a pneumatic motor (2), a coupling (3), a generator (4), a first rectifier (5), a voltage stabilizer (6), a first relay (7), a power battery (8), a DC/DC converter (9), a super capacitor (10), a second relay (11), an energy control system (12), a third relay (13), an inverter (14), a fourth relay (15), a driving motor (16), a differential (17), a clutch (18), a driving wheel (19), a speed spectrum (20), a power spectrum (21), a cylinder (25), a first intake valve (26), a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29); an exhaust valve I (30), a temperature sensor II (31), a pressure sensor II (32) and a flow meter II (33); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45);
the pneumatic motor braking energy recovery system includes: compressed air (1), a pneumatic motor (2), a power battery (8), a DC/DC converter (9), a super capacitor (10), a relay II (11), an energy control system (12), a relay III (13), an inverter (14), a relay IV (15), a driving motor (16), a differential (17), a clutch (18), a driving wheel (19), a speed spectrum (20), a power spectrum (21), a braking energy feedback control unit (22), a relay V (23), a rectifier II (24), a cylinder (25), an air inlet valve II (34), a temperature sensor III (35), a pressure sensor III (36) and a flowmeter III (37); an exhaust valve II (38), a pressure sensor IV (39), a temperature sensor IV (40) and a flow meter IV (41); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45);
the working principle of the electric automobile braking energy recovery system based on the pneumatic motor 'double mode' is as follows: compressed air (1) passes through a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29) in the process of entering a cylinder (25) through an inlet valve (26), then passes through a fifth temperature sensor (44) and a fifth pressure sensor (45) in the cylinder, and finally passes through a second temperature sensor (31), a second pressure sensor (32) and a second flowmeter (33) in the process of discharging air through an exhaust valve (30), so that when the pneumatic motor (2) is driven, the pneumatic motor (2) drives a generator (4) through a coupler (3) to generate electricity, and indirectly controls the air pressure and the air flow entering the cylinder (25) by adjusting the opening of the inlet valve (26) according to the power requirement of a driving motor (16); compressed air (1) entering the air cylinder (25) pushes the piston to apply work; the generator (4) generates electric energy and controls the opening and closing states of a first relay (7) and a second relay (11) which are connected with the voltage stabilizer (6) according to the current SOC of the power battery (8) and the super capacitor (10) through the rectifier (5) and the voltage stabilizer (6), so that the charging process of the power battery (8) and the super capacitor (10) is completed; at this time, the pneumatic motor is in an expander mode;
when the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, a braking energy feedback control unit (22) determines a braking energy recovery mode according to the state of the driving wheel (19), and the current speed spectrum (20) and the current power spectrum (21): a driving motor power generation mode, a pneumatic motor compressor mode, a driving motor power generation and pneumatic motor compressor combined mode and a pneumatic motor locking mode; the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), and the driving motor (16) works in a power generation mode; the braking energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23), the super capacitor (10) is charged through the rectifier two (24), the super capacitor (10) charges the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and the driving motor is in a power generation mode at the moment; when the braking force required by the electric automobile is larger than the rated torque of the driving motor, at the moment, the braking energy feedback control unit (22) couples the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve II (34), and after being compressed in the air cylinder, the compressed air (1) is generated through the air outlet valve II (38), and at the moment, the pneumatic motor is in a compressor mode;
when the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, if the SOC of the power battery (8) is more than 75%, the relay five (23) is closed through the brake energy feedback control unit (22), the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve II (34), after being compressed in the air cylinder, the compressed air (1) is generated through the air outlet valve II (38), and at the moment, the pneumatic motor is in a compressor mode;
when the electric automobile needs to be decelerated or braked, if the SOC of the power battery (8) is between 50% and 75%, the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), the driving motor (16) generates electricity at the moment, the brake energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23) to charge the super capacitor (10) through the rectifier two (24), and the super capacitor (10) charges the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and the mode of power generation of the driving motor is the moment;
when the electric automobile is required to be decelerated or braked, and the braking torque required by the electric automobile is larger than the rated torque of the driving motor (16), if the SOC of the power battery (8) is between 50% and 75%, the driving wheel (19) drives the driving motor (16) to generate electricity through the differential mechanism (17), the driving motor (16) generates electricity at the moment, the braking energy feedback control unit (22) enables the relay five (23) to be closed, electricity generated by the driving motor (16) passes through the relay five (23), the super capacitor (10) is charged through the rectifier two (24), the super capacitor (10) charges the power battery (8) through the bidirectional DC/DC converter (9), and the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2) to generate compressed air (1), and the air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve two (34) to be compressed in the air cylinder, and then the air outlet valve two (38) generates compressed air (1) to be in a combined pneumatic motor and power generator mode;
when the electric automobile needs emergency braking, the relay five (23) is closed through the braking energy feedback control unit (22), the driving motor (16) and the pneumatic motor (2) are coupled through the clutch (18), at the moment, the driving motor (16) drives the pneumatic motor (2), air enters the air cylinder (25) through the air inlet valve two (34), after being compressed in the air cylinder, the air outlet valve two (38) is closed, compressed air forms a compression spring in the air cylinder (25), at the moment, the pneumatic motor (2) is in a 'locking' state, and is transmitted to the driving motor (16) through the clutch (18), and finally transmitted to the driving wheel (19), and the electric automobile stops moving, at the moment, is in a pneumatic motor locking mode.
2. The electric vehicle braking energy recovery system based on the pneumatic motor "dual mode" of claim 1, characterized in that:
in the pneumatic motor power generation system, an intake valve I (26) and an exhaust valve I (30) are arranged on a cylinder (25); a first flowmeter (27), a first temperature sensor (28) and a first pressure sensor (29) are arranged on the first inlet valve (26); the second temperature sensor (31), the second pressure sensor (32) and the second flowmeter (33) are positioned on the first exhaust valve (30); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45) are arranged on the air cylinder (25); the piston (42) and the connecting rod (43) are positioned in the cylinder (25);
in the pneumatic motor braking energy recovery system, an intake valve II (34) and an exhaust valve II (38) are arranged on a cylinder (25); a temperature sensor III (35), a pressure sensor III (36) and a flowmeter III (37) are arranged on the air inlet valve II (34); the fourth pressure sensor (39), the fourth temperature sensor (40) and the fourth flowmeter (41) are positioned on the second exhaust valve (38); a temperature sensor five (44) and a pressure sensor five (45) are arranged on the air cylinder (25); a piston (42) and a connecting rod (43) are located in the cylinder (25).
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