CN110559875B - Harmless purification equipment for treating medical waste - Google Patents

Harmless purification equipment for treating medical waste Download PDF

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CN110559875B
CN110559875B CN201910897287.5A CN201910897287A CN110559875B CN 110559875 B CN110559875 B CN 110559875B CN 201910897287 A CN201910897287 A CN 201910897287A CN 110559875 B CN110559875 B CN 110559875B
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ceramic membrane
pore
special
detachable connector
shaped filter
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CN110559875A (en
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王冲
张俊杰
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Wang Chong
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D65/00Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/10Supported membranes; Membrane supports
    • B01D69/105Support pretreatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02Inorganic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024Oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024Oxides
    • B01D71/025Aluminium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04Backflushing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/16Use of chemical agents
    • B01D2321/168Use of other chemical agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/24Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/003Wastewater from hospitals, laboratories and the like, heavily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04Disinfection
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28Anaerobic digestion processes

Abstract

The invention provides harmless purification equipment for treating medical waste, which is a ceramic membrane filter, and comprises a ceramic membrane body, a first detachable connector and a second detachable connector, wherein medical waste water is subjected to the action of a grid, an ozone tank, a hydrolysis acidification chamber tank and a solid-liquid separation tank to remove bacteria, viruses and fungi, and residual high-toxicity substances are removed through the ceramic membrane filters connected in series and in parallel, the waste water can be fully contacted with a filter layer through a parallel structure, toxic and harmful substances which are difficult to biodegrade are degraded into small molecular substances, and the secondary cleaning level of the waste water is improved through the series structure, so that the medical waste water can reach the discharge standard.

Description

Harmless purification equipment for treating medical waste
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of medical waste treatment, and in particular to a harmless decontamination apparatus for treating medical waste.
Background
Medical wastewater has attracted public attention for many times, and the discharge of medical wastewater has great harm to water resources and becomes a source of harm to the health of the public; only a few hospital indexes that can really reach the national emission standard in some areas. At present, the medical wastewater is directly discharged and the current situations of high pollution and low treatment exist in various hospitals due to the non-normative laws and the weak environmental protection consciousness.
Compared with industrial wastewater, medical wastewater has larger influence on the environment and larger harm. Hospitals inevitably produce waste water with direct or indirect infectivity, toxicity and other hazards during the operation, and the source of the waste water determines the complexity of the components of the waste water and relates to various biological, chemical or radioactive pollutions. The medical wastewater contains a large amount of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, ova and the like, and also contains chemical agents and radioactive isotopes, and has several characteristics of space pollution, acute infection and latent infection.
If medical sewage containing pathogenic microorganisms is directly discharged into urban sewers without being subjected to harmless treatment such as disinfection and inactivation, the pollution of water and soil is often caused, various diseases are seriously caused, or the outbreak of water-mediated infectious diseases is caused. The ceramic membrane filtration system is a precise super filtration and purification device which can be widely applied to various fields. The ceramic membrane of the core component has excellent thermal stability and pore stability, high strength, chemical corrosion resistance and good cleaning and regenerating performance, has the double advantages of high-efficiency filtration and precise filtration, and has the defects of high cost, easy blockage and the like in ceramic membranes sold in the market at present.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a harmless purification apparatus for treating medical waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a harmless purification apparatus for treating medical waste in enhancing the effect of sewage treatment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a harmless clarification plant for handling medical waste, equipment is a ceramic membrane filter, equipment includes ceramic membrane body, first detachable connector, the connector can be dismantled to the second.
Further, the ceramic membrane body includes novel ceramic membrane, first sealing washer, second sealing washer, clean mouthful.
Further, the first detachable connector comprises a third sealing ring and a water outlet, and the second detachable connector comprises a third sealing ring and a water outlet.
Further, the ceramic membrane body, the first detachable connector and the second detachable connector are connected in a manner including, but not limited to, threaded connection, spline connection, interference connection and riveting.
Furthermore, the novel ceramic membrane is of a multilayer structure and comprises a supporting layer, and a transition layer and a membrane separation layer are sequentially loaded on the supporting layer.
Further, the supporting layer is a special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane, the main structure of the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane is a multi-pore-channel quasi-circular supporting structure, the number of the pore channels can be 5-9, preferably 7, the number of the pore channels is 1-7 from top to bottom, wherein the number of the pore channels 1,2,6 and 7 is a non-blocking pore channel, the inner diameter of the highest position of each pore channel is 1mm, and the number of the pore channels 3,4 and 5 is provided with a supporting structure every two quasi-circular pore structures.
Furthermore, the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane contains a novel chain compound with the structural formula shown in the specification
Figure BDA0002210336340000021
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention discloses a ceramic membrane sintered in a layered manner, wherein the thickness of each membrane unit is in gradient distribution increasing from bottom to top, a membrane structure with large flux is adopted, the filtration efficiency can be ensured, the blocking phenomenon can be reduced, and the membrane can be conveniently cleaned; the support column is arranged in the central hole, and the rigidity of the membrane is enhanced; the preparation method is simple and convenient, and the success rate of sintering is improved by adopting a layered sintering method.
2) The invention provides harmless purification equipment for treating medical waste, wherein medical waste water is subjected to the action of a grid, an ozone tank, a hydrolysis acidification chamber tank and a solid-liquid separation tank to remove bacteria, viruses and fungi, and residual high-toxicity substances are removed through series-connection and parallel-connection ceramic membrane filters, the parallel-connection structure can enable the waste water to be fully contacted with a filter layer, toxic and harmful substances which are difficult to biodegrade are degraded into small molecular substances, and the series-connection structure improves the secondary cleaning level of the waste water, so that the medical waste water can reach the discharge standard.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the novel ceramic membrane of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the novel ceramic membrane according to the present invention, wherein 111-support layer, 112-transition layer, and 113-separation layer.
Fig. 3 shows a ceramic membrane filter according to the present invention, wherein 1-a ceramic membrane body, 2-a first detachable connector, 3-a second detachable connector, 11-a novel ceramic membrane, 12-a first sealing ring, 13-a second sealing ring, 14-a cleaning port, 21-a third sealing ring, 22-a water outlet, 31-a third sealing ring, and 32-a water outlet.
FIG. 4 shows a harmless purification apparatus according to the present invention, wherein 41-grid, 42-ozone tank, 43-hydrolysis acidification tank, 44-solid-liquid separation tank, 45-parallel ceramic membrane filter, 46-series ceramic membrane filter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
materials: hydroxyethyl cellulose (from Sigma, viscosity 80-125cp), acetone (from Sigma, concentration 99.5%), polyethylene glycol (from Merck, Mw-285-.
Step one, Ca (OH) with the molar ratio of 1.672And H and3PO4mixing well, preparing HAP powder by wet chemical precipitation method, maintaining the reaction environment at pH11-12 during synthesis, then oven drying the synthesized HAP at 80 ℃ and calcining at 800 ℃, after which the HAP is powdered and stored for further use.
Step two, preparing the novel chain compound. Specifically, 3.25mL, 31mmol, 6 equivalents of thionyl chloride was added to 60mL of 1, 2-propanediol, and the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 20 minutes; adding 20mmol L-Gln into the mixture, stirring in a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 178 hr, collecting the product, performing thin layer chromatography, and verifying that the amino acid is completely absorbed to obtain a novel chain compound with structural formula
Figure BDA0002210336340000041
And step three, dispersing the HAP powder (4 wt%) prepared in the step one in water (33 wt%) by using Dolapix (1.5 wt%), adding polyethylene glycol (5 wt%) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (5 wt%), stirring the solution until no bubbles exist to obtain a solution one, mixing the solution one with the novel chain compound with the same volume, drying the solution one to be in a powder state, air-drying the powder overnight, and sintering the powder with clay, alumina, a pore-forming agent and an anti-flocculating agent at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min at a heating rate of 650 ℃ according to a mass ratio of 65:20:12:3:1 to obtain the special-shaped filter pore ceramic membrane.
Washing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane by using boiling water, washing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane by using acetone, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, removing oily and granular substances from the pore channel, and finally drying and blowing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane to remove dust particles.
The special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane is shown in figure 1, the main structure of the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane is a multi-pore-channel circular-like support structure, the number of pore channels can be 5-9, preferably 7, the number of the pore channels is 1-7 from top to bottom, wherein the number 1,2,6 and 7 pore channels are non-barrier pore channels, the inner diameter of the highest position of each pore channel is 1mm, and a support structure is arranged on every two circular-like hole structures on the number 3,4 and 5 pore channels.
Example 2:
taking the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane as a basic structure for further preparation, as shown in fig. 2, taking the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane as a supporting layer, and loading a transition layer and a membrane separation layer on the supporting layer, specifically, extending hydroxyethyl cellulose and graphene oxide fibers with equal mass ratio along the inner wall of the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane after polyacrylamide crosslinking and curing, placing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane in an electric arc furnace for sintering, gradually heating to 880-900 ℃, firing for 1.5h, then heating to 920-1120 ℃, firing for 0.5h, finally cooling to 850-870 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and cooling to obtain a secondary special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane; the membrane separation layer is coated with nano silver ions (purchased from Dalian and Jian science and technology development Co., Ltd.), the nano silver ions are solidified on the transition layer through polyacrylamide crosslinking, and the temperature is kept at 120 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the novel ceramic membrane.
Example 3:
in order to realize the replaceable performance of the ceramic membrane and the seamless butt joint with other purification elements, the invention also provides a ceramic membrane filter, the structure of which is shown in fig. 3, and the ceramic membrane filter comprises a ceramic membrane body 1, a first detachable connector 2 and a second detachable connector 3, wherein the ceramic membrane body 1 comprises a novel ceramic membrane 11, a first sealing ring 12, a second sealing ring 13 and a cleaning opening 14, the first detachable connector 2 comprises a third sealing ring 21 and a water outlet 22, and the second detachable connector 3 comprises a third sealing ring 31 and a water outlet 32. Ceramic membrane body 1, first detachable joint 2, the detachable joint of second 3 adopt conventional mode to connect, including but not limited to threaded connection, splined connection, interference connection, riveting.
The ceramic membrane filter prepared by the embodiment is used for carrying out a chemical wastewater bench test, and the printing and dyeing wastewater with the flux of 2.0kg per hour is filtered; after the ceramic membrane filter is used for 20 minutes, COD of inlet and outlet water is measured, and the result shows that the removal rate of organic matters of the ceramic membrane filter can reach 97.88 percent, the salt content of raw water is 4.98 percent, and the outlet water can be reduced to 0.23 percent. After filtering for 7 days, backwashing the ceramic membrane by using inorganic salt and alcohol solution with equal proportion, recovering the primary color of the ceramic membrane after washing for 30m, and detecting to show that the surface has no organic matter residue basically, which shows that the ceramic membrane has strong self-cleaning function, the ceramic membrane filter provided by the invention has higher filtering precision (the filtering precision can reach 10 nanometers at most) and filtering speed, good cleaning and regenerating performance, is suitable for precise filtering of various media, the surface of the ceramic membrane is nontoxic, tasteless, has good antimicrobial erosion capability, the oil removal rate reaches 95.12-97.88%, and the removal rate of suspended matters with the particle size larger than 0.5 mu m reaches more than 99%.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 4, the invention provides a harmless purification device for treating medical waste, which comprises a grid 41, an ozone tank 42, a hydrolysis acidification tank 43, a solid-liquid separation tank 44, a parallel ceramic membrane filter 45 and a series ceramic membrane filter 46, wherein arrows indicate the direction of water flow, the grid is used for separating solid from liquid, the water flow enters the ozone tank through the grid, the ozone tank is connected with an ozone generator (the specification Q is 1000g/h, and P is 20kw), the ozone tank is used for killing fungi and bacteria, the water flow enters the hydrolysis acidification tank through the ozone tank to kill viruses and then enters the solid-liquid separation tank, a drain outlet is arranged below the solid-liquid separation tank, gel clusters formed by killed bacteria, fungi and viruses are settled at the bottom of the solid-liquid separation tank, a drain outlet is periodically flowed through the solid-liquid separation tank, the water flow enters the parallel ceramic membrane filter after passing through the solid-liquid separation tank, the parallel ceramic membrane filters keep high-flux water flow to pass through, so that drug waste liquid, heavy metals and other high-toxicity substances in the medical sewage are removed, the medical sewage enters the series ceramic filters through the parallel ceramic membrane filters to be purified for the second time, and residual organic matters, inorganic matters and heavy metals are removed.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A harmless purification equipment for treating medical waste is characterized in that the equipment is a ceramic membrane filter, the equipment comprises a ceramic membrane body, a first detachable connector and a second detachable connector, the ceramic membrane body comprises a novel ceramic membrane, a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring and a cleaning opening, the first detachable connector comprises a third sealing ring and a water outlet, the second detachable connector comprises a third sealing ring and a water outlet, the ceramic membrane body, the first detachable connector and the second detachable connector are connected in a mode including but not limited to threaded connection, spline connection, interference connection and riveting, the novel ceramic membrane is of a multilayer structure, the ceramic membrane comprises a supporting layer, a transition layer and a membrane separation layer are sequentially loaded on the supporting layer, the supporting layer is a special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane, and the main body structure of the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane is a multi-pore-channel circular supporting structure, the number of the pore channels is 7, the pore channels are numbered from top to bottom by 1-7, wherein the pore channels 1,2,6 and 7 are non-blocking pore channels, the inner diameter of the highest position of each pore channel is 1mm, and the pore channels 3,4 and 5 are provided with a support structure every two circular hole-like structures, and the preparation method of the special-shaped filter pore ceramic membrane comprises the following steps: step one, Ca (OH) with the molar ratio of 1.672And H and3PO4mixing well, preparing HAP powder by wet chemical precipitation method, maintaining reaction environment at pH11-12 during synthesis, then oven drying the synthesized HAP at 80 ℃ and calcining at 800 ℃, then powdering and storing HAP for further use; step two, preparation of the novelA type chain compound, specifically, 3.25mL, 31mmol, 6 equivalents of thionyl chloride is added to 60mL of 1, 2-propanediol, and the reaction is carried out at 0 ℃ for 20 minutes; adding 20mmol L-Gln into the mixture, stirring in a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 178 hr, collecting the product, performing thin layer chromatography, and verifying that the amino acid is completely absorbed to obtain a novel chain compound with structural formula
Figure FDA0003270003750000011
Dispersing 4 wt% of HAP powder prepared in the step one in 33 wt% of water by using 1.5 wt% of Dolapix, then adding 5 wt% of polyethylene glycol and 5 wt% of hydroxyethyl cellulose, stirring the solution until no bubbles exist to obtain a solution one, mixing the solution one with the novel chain compound with the same volume, drying the solution one to a powder state, air-drying the powder overnight, and sintering the powder with clay, alumina, a pore-forming agent and an anti-flocculating agent at a heating rate of 3 ℃ at a mass ratio of 65:20:12:3:1 at 650 ℃ to obtain the special-shaped filter pore ceramic membrane; washing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane by using boiling water, washing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane by using acetone, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, removing oily and granular substances from the pore channel, and finally drying and blowing the special-shaped filter hole ceramic membrane to remove dust particles.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE111054T1 (en) * 1988-06-09 1994-09-15 Battelle Memorial Institute METAL OXIDE CERAMIC POWDER AND METHODS OF PRODUCTION.
CN101497003B (en) * 2009-01-24 2012-07-04 大连理工大学 Multifunctional photocatalysis composite ceramic separation membrane as well as preparation method and use thereof
AT508549B1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-02-15 Univ Wien Tech METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATING MATERIAL SOLUTIONS
CN202036925U (en) * 2011-03-24 2011-11-16 景德镇陶瓷学院 Tubular honeycomb ceramic filter membrane module
CN109569315B (en) * 2018-10-29 2021-06-15 绍兴市柯桥区锦策智能科技有限公司 Preparation and application method of inorganic ceramic membrane for treating oily wastewater

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