CN110553939A - Indoor test platform for simulating marine multiphase load coupling effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请海洋荷载模拟技术领域，提供一种模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台。该试验中，放置土样的土槽安置在小型波流水槽中段的底部，小型波流水槽中的水流及波浪作用可通过波流系统(主要由造流机和造波机组成)进行控制和调节，实现海洋环境中的波流综合作用。同时，土槽底部设有两块小型水平振动台，上部设有若干多向动力加载装置，可与波流系统协同工作，以此实现对多场耦合作用的模拟，也可单独使用，开展地震或动力方面的研究。与现有试验装置相比，本申请操作简单，占地面积小，可以模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用，开展实验室内海上风电、海上平台和跨海大桥在多灾害作用下基础‑土体系统的灾变机理和承载性能演化。
The present application relates to the technical field of ocean load simulation, providing an indoor test platform for simulating the coupling effect of ocean multiphase loads. In this test, the soil tank for placing soil samples was placed at the bottom of the middle section of the small wave-flow tank, and the water flow and wave action in the small-scale wave-flow tank can be controlled and monitored by the wave-current system (mainly composed of a flow maker and a wave maker). Adjustment to realize the comprehensive effect of waves and currents in the marine environment. At the same time, two small horizontal vibrating tables are installed at the bottom of the soil tank, and several multi-directional dynamic loading devices are installed on the upper part, which can work together with the wave and current system to realize the simulation of multi-field coupling effects, and can also be used alone to carry out seismic or dynamics research. Compared with the existing test device, this application is easy to operate and occupies a small area. It can simulate the coupling effect of multi-phase loads in the ocean, and carry out foundation-soil systems of offshore wind power, offshore platforms and sea-crossing bridges in the laboratory under the action of multiple disasters. The catastrophe mechanism and bearing performance evolution.
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请属于海洋荷载模拟技术领域，尤其涉及一种模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台。The application belongs to the technical field of marine load simulation, and in particular relates to an indoor test platform for simulating the coupled action of marine multiphase loads.
背景技术Background technique
21世纪称为海洋资源开发的世纪，世界各国纷纷将开发海洋、发展海洋经济作为国家发展重要战略。地震、波浪、潮汐、风暴等自然灾害严重威胁着海洋工程安全。在水利、港口、海岸和近海工程中，结构物遭受暴风、波浪、水流等极端条件引起的水平荷载以及力矩的共同作用，极易产生倾斜甚至倾覆，这将对国家和人民造成巨大的经济损失。近年来，我国也在大力实施“科技兴海、依法管海”战略。为此，国内外科研院所、重点实验室积极开展多灾害作用方面的研究，建立了一批针对特定灾害条件的试验中心，开发了一系列相应试验设备。但国内外已有的试验设备都存在模拟条件单一的问题。现有的相关试验设备主要分为两类，一类是波流实验室，另一类是岩土模型试验槽。传统的波流实验室，例如美国联邦高速公路局水利实验室，多关注海洋结构物的水力特性，不考虑岩土介质以及结构-土体相互作用。而国内实验室，例如大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室，又存在着水、土试验分开，仅能单向造波等问题。而岩土模型试验槽则不能模拟波流作用，无法考虑复杂水流条件的耦合问题。建立一个模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用室内试验平台是开展海上风电、海上平台和跨海大桥在多灾害作用下研究的必然需求。The 21st century is called the century of marine resources development, and countries all over the world have taken the development of the ocean and the development of the marine economy as an important strategy for national development. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, waves, tides, and storms seriously threaten the safety of marine engineering. In water conservancy, port, coast and offshore engineering, the structure is subject to the joint action of horizontal load and moment caused by extreme conditions such as storm, wave and water flow, and it is very easy to tilt or even capsize, which will cause huge economic losses to the country and the people . In recent years, our country is also vigorously implementing the strategy of "developing the sea through science and technology and governing the sea according to law". To this end, research institutes and key laboratories at home and abroad have actively carried out research on multi-hazard effects, established a number of test centers for specific disaster conditions, and developed a series of corresponding test equipment. However, the existing test equipment at home and abroad has the problem of single simulation conditions. The existing relevant test equipment is mainly divided into two categories, one is the wave-current laboratory, and the other is the rock-soil model test tank. Traditional wave and current laboratories, such as the US Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Laboratory, pay more attention to the hydraulic characteristics of marine structures, without considering the rock-soil medium and structure-soil interaction. However, domestic laboratories, such as the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering of Dalian University of Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University, have problems such as separating water and soil tests and only being able to create waves in one direction. However, the geotechnical model test tank cannot simulate the action of waves and currents, and cannot consider the coupling problem of complex flow conditions. Establishing an indoor test platform for simulating marine multi-phase load coupling is an inevitable requirement for research on offshore wind power, offshore platforms and sea-crossing bridges under multiple hazards.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请的目的在于，克服现有技术的不足，提供一种模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台，通过动水力加载系统和多物理场模拟系统的有机结合，通过设定振动台及多向动力加载装置动力参数来模拟地震作用，通过调节动水力加载系统水利参数来模拟海洋中土体的接触冲刷，利用监测设备观察记录土体变形的发生与演变过程，克服已有试验设备模拟条件单一的问题，实现对海洋多相荷载耦合作用的模拟，为开展海上风电、海上平台和跨海大桥在多灾害作用下研究工作提供设备基础。The purpose of this application is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an indoor test platform for simulating the coupling of multi-phase loads in the ocean. Through the organic combination of the dynamic hydraulic loading system and the The dynamic parameters of the dynamic loading device are used to simulate the earthquake action, and the contact erosion of the soil in the ocean is simulated by adjusting the hydraulic parameters of the dynamic hydraulic loading system. The occurrence and evolution of the soil deformation are observed and recorded by monitoring equipment, and the simulation conditions of the existing test equipment are overcome. A single problem, realizes the simulation of the coupling effect of multi-phase loads in the ocean, and provides the equipment basis for the research work of offshore wind power, offshore platforms and cross-sea bridges under the action of multiple hazards.
本申请的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of this application can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台，包括水力加载系统、地震模拟系统、风暴模拟系统和数据采集处理系统；其中水利加载系统、地震模拟系统、风暴模拟系统共同组成多物理场模拟系统；An indoor test platform for simulating the coupled action of marine multiphase loads, including a hydraulic loading system, an earthquake simulation system, a storm simulation system, and a data acquisition and processing system; the hydraulic loading system, the earthquake simulation system, and the storm simulation system together form a multi-physics simulation system;
水力加载系统包括水循环装置、造流与造波系统；水循环装置采用小型波流水槽，造流与造波系统包括造流机和造波机，造流机和造波机均固定于小型波流水槽的前端，试验过程中在小型波流水槽中产生恒定水流或固定参数的波浪，并通过调节造流机与造波机控制输出流体的水力参数，达到动水力加载的目的，且造流机与造波机在试验过程中产生的水流将在小型波流水槽内形成完整回路；同时小型波流水槽内部的前后两端各设有一个沉砂池，前端的沉砂池位于造流与造波系统的后方，用以去除水流中原有泥沙，同时稳定水流，后端的沉砂池在其顶部向后延伸段设有滤网，通过降低流速和使用滤网回收试验过程中水流携带的泥沙，以保证循环水的纯净。当试验采用含有化学试剂的水时，需要在沉砂池延伸段增设水净化装置。The hydraulic loading system includes a water circulation device, a flow-making and wave-making system; the water circulation device adopts a small wave flow tank, and the flow-making and wave-making system includes a flow-making machine and a wave-making machine, both of which are fixed on the small-scale wave-flow tank. The front end of the water tank, during the test, a constant water flow or waves with fixed parameters are generated in the small wave flow tank, and the hydraulic parameters of the output fluid are controlled by adjusting the flow maker and the wave maker to achieve the purpose of dynamic hydraulic loading, and the flow maker The water flow generated by the wave maker during the test will form a complete circuit in the small wave flow tank; at the same time, there is a grit chamber at the front and rear ends of the small wave flow tank, and the front end of the grit chamber is located between the flow generator and the generator. At the rear of the wave system, it is used to remove the original sediment in the water flow and stabilize the water flow. The grit chamber at the rear end is provided with a filter screen at the rear extension of the top, and the mud carried by the water flow during the test is recovered by reducing the flow rate and using the filter screen. sand to ensure the purity of the circulating water. When the test uses water containing chemical reagents, it is necessary to add a water purification device to the extension of the grit chamber.
地震模拟系统包括土槽、双向振动台；土槽设置于小型波流水槽的中段下方，且土槽的顶部安装有可拆卸的顶板，土槽与小型波流水槽之间通过土槽的顶板隔断；试验时，拆除试验区域土槽的顶板，待试验完成后将试验区域土槽的顶板重新安装，避免土槽的土体污染小型波流水槽，保证试验环境整洁；土槽用于盛放试验土样，且其分为前中后三段，其前段用于生成所需的动水力条件、波流状态、暗流状态，其中段左右两侧设有可拆卸挡板，试验中可视需求实现土槽中土体的局部加宽，主要在此段完成地震和振动状态的模拟，试验过程中，试验对象通过其下部结构放置于土槽中段的试验土样上，其后段主要用于收尾和吸收反射波，并回收试验中产生的泥沙；土槽的可加宽段内底部设有两个双向水平振动台，通过改变施加在土槽底部的地震动参数，实现不同地震波的输入。双向水平振动台工作时，其内部驱动轴进行正向或反向转动驱动曲柄滑块结构运动，曲柄滑块结构运动带动双向水平振动台运动，从而实现双向水平振动台在前后方向或左右方向的双向振动。The earthquake simulation system includes a soil tank and a two-way shaking table; the soil tank is set under the middle section of the small wave flow tank, and a detachable roof is installed on the top of the soil tank, and the soil tank and the small wave flow tank are separated by the roof of the soil tank ;During the test, remove the top plate of the soil tank in the test area, and reinstall the top plate of the soil tank in the test area after the test is completed, so as to avoid the soil pollution of the soil tank to the small wave flow tank and ensure that the test environment is clean; the soil tank is used for holding the test Soil sample, and it is divided into three sections: front, middle and back. The front section is used to generate the required hydrodynamic conditions, wave flow state, and undercurrent state. There are removable baffles on the left and right sides of the middle section, which can be realized according to the requirements in the test. The local widening of the soil in the soil tank is mainly to complete the simulation of the earthquake and vibration state in this section. During the test, the test object is placed on the test soil sample in the middle section of the soil tank through its substructure, and the latter section is mainly used for finishing And absorb the reflected wave, and recover the sediment produced in the test; the bottom of the widened section of the soil tank is equipped with two bidirectional horizontal vibration tables, and the input of different seismic waves can be realized by changing the seismic vibration parameters applied to the bottom of the soil tank. When the two-way horizontal vibrating table is working, its internal drive shaft rotates forward or reverse to drive the structural movement of the crank slider, and the structural movement of the crank slider drives the bidirectional horizontal vibrating table to move, so as to realize the bidirectional horizontal vibrating table in the front-back direction or left-right direction. Two-way vibration.
在本申请中，试验对象可以采用缩尺桥梁及海上风机模型，且试验对象通过其下部结构置于土槽内。In this application, scaled-scale bridges and offshore wind turbine models can be used as test objects, and the test objects are placed in soil tanks through their substructures.
风暴模拟系统包括若干水平激振器，水平激振器用于对位于小型波流水槽中的试验对象上部结构进行动力加载，并通过改变施加在试验对象上部结构上的动力参数，实现对试验对象上部结构风暴作用下动力响应的模拟。The storm simulation system includes several horizontal exciters, which are used to dynamically load the upper structure of the test object located in the small wave flow tank, and by changing the dynamic parameters applied to the upper structure of the test object, the upper structure of the test object is realized. Simulation of the dynamic response of a structure under storm action.
水平激振器的高度及水平位置可以根据试验对象所需的加载位置进行调节。具体的，小型波流水槽中段在其位于土槽上部的区域设有纵向及横向的反力架，反力架下端的小型波流水槽内侧壁设有反力架轨道，反力架可移动地安装在反力架轨道上，并可根据试验对象的位置沿反力架轨道进行水平移动，水平位置确定后后通过螺栓固定反力架上；进一步，水平激振器可上下移动地安装在反力架上。The height and horizontal position of the horizontal vibrator can be adjusted according to the required loading position of the test object. Specifically, the middle section of the small wave flow tank is provided with vertical and horizontal reaction frames in the upper part of the soil tank, and the inner wall of the small wave flow tank at the lower end of the reaction frame is provided with a reaction frame track, and the reaction frame can be moved Installed on the track of the reaction frame, and can move horizontally along the track of the reaction frame according to the position of the test object. After the horizontal position is determined, it is fixed on the reaction frame by bolts; further, the horizontal exciter can be moved up and down and installed on the reaction frame On the power frame.
数据采集处理系统包括监测设备和反馈调控装置；反馈调控装置用于根据监测设备实时反馈的土底与试验对象上部结构的实际动荷载输入情况，及时调整水力加载系统、地震模拟系统、风暴模拟系统以达到实际输入荷载和理想输入一致的目的；监测设备包括分别与反馈调控装置连接的流速测定仪、激光位移计、加速度计、应力应变采集系统及孔压传感器；The data acquisition and processing system includes monitoring equipment and feedback control device; the feedback control device is used to adjust the hydraulic loading system, earthquake simulation system, and storm simulation system in time according to the actual dynamic load input conditions of the soil bottom and the upper structure of the test object fed back by the monitoring equipment in real time In order to achieve the goal that the actual input load is consistent with the ideal input; the monitoring equipment includes a flow rate measuring instrument, a laser displacement meter, an accelerometer, a stress and strain acquisition system and a pore pressure sensor respectively connected to the feedback control device;
流速测定仪安装在小型波流水槽的内侧壁，并位于前端的沉砂池和试验土样之间，用于测定流速并输出至反馈调控装置；且流速测定仪距离试验土样不能太近，既要保证所测流速是冲刷土体的真实流速，也要避免其对水流的干扰对冲刷过程产生的影响；反馈调控装置与造流机、造波机的驱动设备连接，并根据流速测定仪输出的流速参数驱动造流机、造波机调整以控制水流流速；The flow rate measuring instrument is installed on the inner wall of the small wave flow tank, and is located between the grit chamber at the front end and the test soil sample, and is used to measure the flow rate and output it to the feedback control device; and the flow rate tester should not be too close to the test soil sample, It is necessary to ensure that the measured flow rate is the real flow rate of scouring the soil, and to avoid the influence of its interference on the water flow on the scouring process; the feedback control device is connected with the drive equipment of the flow maker and wave maker, and according to the The output flow velocity parameters drive the adjustment of the flow maker and wave maker to control the flow velocity of the water;
激光位移计可以通过与小型波流水槽侧壁相连接的支架安置于土槽中段上方，用于测定土体的变形情况、以及激光位移计到试验土样之间的距离，并输出至反馈调控装置，反馈调控装置根据其变化情况可得到土体冲刷变形情况；The laser displacement meter can be placed above the middle section of the soil tank through a bracket connected to the side wall of the small wave flow tank to measure the deformation of the soil and the distance between the laser displacement meter and the test soil sample, and output to the feedback control device, and the feedback control device can obtain the erosion and deformation of the soil according to its change;
双向水平振动台与试样土样的接触面，试样土样的内部，试样土样的表面及试验对象的上部结构表面均装有加速度计，用于分别量测地震动的实际输入值，土表加速度，基础-结构物应变并输出至反馈调控装置，通过处理器中预置的现有程序进一步计算得到弯矩和应力；同时反馈调控装置还与双向水平振动台连接，并根据加速度计输出的数据参数通过控制双向水平振动台调节输出地震波的动力参数；Accelerometers are installed on the contact surface between the two-way horizontal vibrating table and the sample soil sample, the inside of the sample soil sample, the surface of the sample soil sample and the surface of the upper structure of the test object, which are used to measure the actual input value of the ground motion. , soil surface acceleration, foundation-structure strain and output them to the feedback control device, and further calculate the bending moment and stress through the existing program preset in the processor; at the same time, the feedback control device is also connected with the two-way horizontal vibration table, and according to the acceleration The data parameters output by the meter adjust the dynamic parameters of the output seismic wave by controlling the two-way horizontal shaking table;
应力应变采集系统及孔压传感器中的孔压传感器根据试验方案进行布置，可安装于土槽试验区并位于试验对象下方，其将检测到的信号传送至应力应变采集系统中，用以测量试验过程中的孔压变化情况；The stress-strain acquisition system and the pore pressure sensor in the pore pressure sensor are arranged according to the test plan, and can be installed in the soil tank test area and located under the test object. The detected signal is transmitted to the stress-strain acquisition system for measuring the test Pore pressure changes during the process;
反馈调控装置中预置有存储部件，用于同步存储存储流速测定仪、激光位移计、加速度计、应变采集系统及孔压传感器在试验过程中的数据，实现动态量测；反馈调控装置还与水平激振器连接；双向水平振动台、造流与造波系统、水平激振器可以分别通过反馈调控装置控制，并按照实际情况，可以独立输入，也可以联合输入。The feedback control device is preset with a storage component for synchronously storing the data of the flow rate measuring instrument, laser displacement meter, accelerometer, strain acquisition system and pore pressure sensor during the test, so as to realize dynamic measurement; the feedback control device is also compatible with Horizontal vibration exciter connection; two-way horizontal vibration table, flow and wave making system, and horizontal vibration exciter can be controlled by feedback control device respectively, and according to the actual situation, they can be input independently or jointly.
加速度计的输入与采集装置连接，用于实时获得地震动的实际输入值和土表加速度，其输出与由水利加载系统、地震模拟系统，风暴模拟系统共同组成的多物理场模拟系统的驱动连接，用于控制振动台及激振装置动作和速率。The input of the accelerometer is connected to the acquisition device, which is used to obtain the actual input value of the ground motion and the acceleration of the soil surface in real time, and its output is connected to the driver of the multi-physics simulation system composed of the hydraulic loading system, the earthquake simulation system and the storm simulation system. , used to control the action and speed of the vibrating table and the exciting device.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果在于：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:
本申请能够对海洋多相荷载耦合作用进行试验模拟，反映海洋中土体变形的演变过程，为开展海上风电、海上平台和跨海大桥在多灾害作用研究提供了设备支持。同时本申请设备构造简单，操作方便，占地面积小，能够快速和高效的对工程土体的工程特性进行评估，为工程的进行提供实用的参数。This application can carry out experimental simulations on the coupling effect of multi-phase loads in the ocean, reflect the evolution process of soil deformation in the ocean, and provide equipment support for the research on multi-hazard effects of offshore wind power, offshore platforms and sea-crossing bridges. At the same time, the device of the application has simple structure, convenient operation, and small footprint, and can quickly and efficiently evaluate the engineering characteristics of the engineering soil, and provide practical parameters for the progress of the engineering.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例提供的模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台的侧视图；Fig. 1 is the side view of the indoor test platform for simulating marine multiphase load coupling provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台的俯视图；Fig. 2 is the top view of the indoor test platform for simulating marine multiphase load coupling provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图3a为图2所示1-1截面的剖面图；Fig. 3 a is the sectional view of section 1-1 shown in Fig. 2;
图3b为图2所示2-2截面的剖面图；Fig. 3b is a sectional view of section 2-2 shown in Fig. 2;
图3c为图2所示3-3截面的剖面图。Fig. 3c is a cross-sectional view of section 3-3 shown in Fig. 2 .
附图标记说明Explanation of reference signs
1为小型波流水槽、2为土槽、3为试验土样、4为双向水平振动台、5为造流与造波系统、6为流速测定仪、7为激光位移计、8为加速度计、9为应力应变采集系统及孔压传感器、10为沉砂池、11为滤网、12为水流、13为反力架、14为水平激振器。1 is a small wave flow tank, 2 is a soil tank, 3 is a test soil sample, 4 is a two-way horizontal shaking table, 5 is a flow and wave making system, 6 is a flow rate measuring instrument, 7 is a laser displacement meter, 8 is an accelerometer , 9 is a stress-strain acquisition system and a pore pressure sensor, 10 is a grit chamber, 11 is a filter screen, 12 is a water flow, 13 is a reaction force frame, and 14 is a horizontal vibrator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本申请专利进行详细说明。The patent of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1至图3c所示，一种模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台，包括小型波流水槽1、土槽2、试验土样3、双向振动台4、造流与造波系统5、流速测定仪6、激光位移计7、加速度计8、应力应变采集系统及孔压传感器9、沉砂池 10、滤网11、反力架13、水平激振器14、反馈调控装置。As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3c, an indoor test platform for simulating the coupling effect of marine multiphase loads, including a small wave flow tank 1, a soil tank 2, a test soil sample 3, a two-way shaking table 4, and a flow and wave making system 5. Flow velocity measuring instrument 6, laser displacement meter 7, accelerometer 8, stress and strain acquisition system and pore pressure sensor 9, grit chamber 10, filter screen 11, reaction force frame 13, horizontal exciter 14, feedback control device.
土槽2设置于小型波流水槽1中段下侧，且土槽2与小型波流水槽1之间通过土槽2的顶板隔断，试验时，拆除试验区域土槽2的顶板，待试验完成后将试验区域土槽2的顶板重新安装，避免土槽2的土体污染小型波流水槽1，保证试验环境整洁。The soil tank 2 is set on the lower side of the middle section of the small wave flow tank 1, and the soil tank 2 and the small wave flow tank 1 are separated by the roof of the soil tank 2. During the test, the roof of the soil tank 2 in the test area is removed, and after the test is completed, Reinstall the top plate of the soil tank 2 in the test area to prevent the soil in the soil tank 2 from polluting the small wave flow tank 1 and ensure a clean test environment.
进一步，土槽2等分为前中后三段，其中，土槽2的前段用于生成所需的动水力条件、波流状态、暗流状态；土槽2的中段左右两侧设有可拆卸挡板，实验中可视试验需求实现土槽2中土体的局部加宽，并主要在此段完成地震和振动状态的模拟；土槽2的后段主要用于收尾和吸收反射波，并回收试验中产生的泥沙。Further, the soil tank 2 is equally divided into three sections, front, middle and back, wherein the front section of the soil tank 2 is used to generate the required hydrodynamic conditions, wave flow state, and undercurrent state; the middle section of the soil tank 2 is provided with detachable The baffle, in the experiment, can realize the local widening of the soil body in the soil tank 2 according to the test requirements, and mainly complete the simulation of the earthquake and vibration state in this section; the rear section of the soil tank 2 is mainly used for finishing and absorbing reflected waves, and Recycle the sediment produced in the test.
造流与造波系统5包括造流机和造波机，造流机和造波机均固定于小型波流水槽1的前端，试验过程中在小型波流水槽1中产生恒定水流或固定参数的波浪，且通过调节造流机与造波机控制输出流体的水力参数，从而达到动水力加载的目的。小型波流水槽1在造流与造波系统5的后方设有沉砂池10，以去除水流中原有泥沙，同时稳定水流。小型波流水槽1的后端同样设置有沉砂池10，小型波流水槽1后端沉砂池10顶部向后延伸段设有滤网11，通过降低流速和使用滤网11 回收试验过程中水流携带的泥沙，以保证循环水的纯净。当试验采用含有化学试剂的水时，需要附加水净化装置。The flow-making and wave-making system 5 includes a flow-making machine and a wave-making machine. Both the flow-making machine and the wave-making machine are fixed at the front end of the small-scale wave-flow tank 1. During the test, a constant water flow or fixed parameters are generated in the small-scale wave-flow tank 1. waves, and by adjusting the flow generator and the wave generator to control the hydraulic parameters of the output fluid, so as to achieve the purpose of dynamic hydraulic loading. The small wave flow tank 1 is provided with a grit chamber 10 behind the flow and wave making system 5 to remove the original sediment in the water flow and stabilize the water flow at the same time. The rear end of the small wave flow water tank 1 is also provided with a grit chamber 10, and the top of the grit chamber 10 at the rear end of the small wave flow water tank 1 is extended backward with a filter screen 11. By reducing the flow rate and using the filter screen 11, the recovery test process The sediment carried by the water flow ensures the purity of the circulating water. When the test uses water containing chemical reagents, an additional water purification device is required.
土槽2的可加宽段内底部设有两块双向水平振动台4，通过改变施加在土槽2 底部的地震动参数，实现不同地震波的输入。Two bi-directional horizontal vibrating tables 4 are arranged at the inner bottom of the widenable section of the soil tank 2. By changing the ground motion parameters applied to the bottom of the soil tank 2, the input of different seismic waves is realized.
小型波流水槽1中段在其位于土槽2区域的上部设有纵向及横向的反力架13，反力架13下端的小型波流水槽1内侧壁设有反力架轨道，反力架13可前后移动地安装在反力架轨道上，沿反力架轨道进行水平移动，待移至指定位置处可通过螺栓固定；水平激振装置14通过螺栓固定于反力架13上，通过改变施加在试验对象上部结构上的动力参数，实现对试验对象上部结构风暴作用下动力响应的模拟。The middle part of the small-scale wave flow tank 1 is provided with a vertical and horizontal reaction force frame 13 on the upper part of the soil tank 2 area. It can be installed on the track of the reaction frame movable back and forth, and move horizontally along the track of the reaction frame, and it can be fixed by bolts when it is moved to the designated position; the horizontal vibration device 14 is fixed on the reaction frame 13 by bolts. The dynamic parameters on the upper structure of the test object realize the simulation of the dynamic response of the upper structure of the test object under the action of a storm.
在本申请中，试验对象可以采用缩尺桥梁及海上风机模型，其中试验对象的下部结构置于土槽2内。In this application, scaled-scale bridge and offshore wind turbine models can be used as the test object, wherein the substructure of the test object is placed in the soil tank 2 .
双向振动台4，造流与造波系统5，水平激振器14均可通过反馈调控装置控制，按照实际情况，可以独立输入，也可以联合输入。The two-way shaking table 4, the flow and wave making system 5, and the horizontal vibrator 14 can all be controlled by the feedback control device, and can be input independently or jointly according to the actual situation.
流速测定仪6安装在小型波流水槽1的内侧壁，并位于前端的沉砂池10和试验土样3之间，用于测定流速，反馈调控装置根据测定的流速通过造流机、造波机控制和调整水流流速。The flow velocity measuring instrument 6 is installed on the inner side wall of the small wave flow tank 1, and is located between the grit chamber 10 at the front end and the test soil sample 3, and is used to measure the flow velocity. The machine controls and adjusts the water flow rate.
双向水平振动台4与试样土样3的接触面，试样土样3的内部，试样土样3 的表面及试验对象的上部结构表面均装有加速度计8，用于量测地震动的实际输入值，土表加速度，基础-结构物应变，并通过反馈调控装置预置的现有程序进一步计算得到弯矩和应力；应力应变采集系统及孔压传感器(9)中的孔压传感器根据试验方案进行布置，安装于土槽试验区试验对象下方，将信号传送至应力应变采集系统中，用以测量试验过程中的孔压变化情况。Accelerometers 8 are installed on the contact surface between the two-way horizontal vibrating table 4 and the sample soil sample 3, the inside of the sample soil sample 3, the surface of the sample soil sample 3 and the surface of the upper structure of the test object for measuring ground motion The actual input value, soil surface acceleration, foundation-structure strain, and further calculate the bending moment and stress through the existing program preset in the feedback control device; the stress-strain acquisition system and the pore pressure sensor in the pore pressure sensor (9) Arranged according to the test plan, it is installed under the test object in the soil tank test area, and the signal is transmitted to the stress and strain acquisition system to measure the change of pore pressure during the test.
此外，反馈调控装置可同步存储流速测定仪6、激光位移计7、加速度计8、应变采集系统及孔压传感器9在试验过程中的数据，实现动态量测。In addition, the feedback control device can simultaneously store the data of the flow rate measuring instrument 6, the laser displacement meter 7, the accelerometer 8, the strain acquisition system and the pore pressure sensor 9 during the test, so as to realize dynamic measurement.
本申请提供的模拟海洋多相荷载耦合作用的室内试验平台的试验步骤如下：The test steps of the indoor test platform for simulating marine multi-phase load coupling provided by this application are as follows:
步骤(1)打开试验土样区域土槽2的顶板，将试验对象置于试验平台内，试验对象包括置于土槽2内的下部结构，及与之连接的上部结构；Step (1) Open the top plate of the soil tank 2 in the test soil sample area, place the test object in the test platform, the test object includes the substructure placed in the soil tank 2, and the superstructure connected thereto;
步骤(2)打开造流与造波系统5，向小型波流水槽1内注水，并根据需要通过反馈调控装置调节输出流体的水力参数；Step (2) Turn on the flow-making and wave-making system 5, inject water into the small wave flow tank 1, and adjust the hydraulic parameters of the output fluid through the feedback control device as required;
步骤(3)打开流速测定仪6，得到实际流速，并根据流速测定仪6的输出参数驱动造流与造波系统5，调整和控制水流流速；Step (3) Turn on the flow velocity measuring instrument 6 to obtain the actual flow velocity, and drive the flow-making and wave-making system 5 according to the output parameters of the flow velocity measuring instrument 6 to adjust and control the flow velocity of the water flow;
步骤(4)打开双向水平振动台4，根据需要通过反馈调控装置调节输出地震波的动力参数；Step (4) Open the two-way horizontal vibrating table 4, and adjust the dynamic parameters of the output seismic wave through the feedback control device as required;
步骤(5)通过加速度计8量测地震动的实际输入值，土表加速度，基础-结构物应变，用于调整和控制地震波的输入，同时，将所得数据输入反馈调控装置，通过已有程序进一步计算得到弯矩和应力；Step (5) Use the accelerometer 8 to measure the actual input value of the ground motion, the acceleration of the soil surface, and the strain of the foundation-structure to adjust and control the input of the seismic wave. At the same time, input the obtained data into the feedback control device and pass the existing program Further calculations to obtain bending moments and stresses;
步骤(6)移动反力架3至根据试验模型参数及试验方案设定的所需位置，通过螺丝固定。打开水平激振器14，根据实际需要增设和调整水平激振器14位置，数量及参数，实现对上部结构的动力响应模拟；Step (6) Move the reaction force frame 3 to the desired position set according to the test model parameters and the test plan, and fix it with screws. Open the horizontal vibrator 14, add and adjust the position, quantity and parameters of the horizontal vibrator 14 according to actual needs, and realize the dynamic response simulation of the upper structure;
步骤(7)监测并记录、应力应变采集系统及孔压传感器8的数据；通过激光位移计7输出数据观察土体变形的产生与发展；Step (7) monitor and record the data of the stress-strain acquisition system and the pore pressure sensor 8; observe the generation and development of soil deformation through the output data of the laser displacement meter 7;
步骤(8)试验结束后，关闭造流与造波系统5、双向振动台4和多向动力加载装置13，打开排水阀门，排出压力液体，回收沉积泥沙，清理下游滤网，关闭小型波流水槽底板。Step (8) After the test is over, close the flow-making and wave-making system 5, the two-way vibrating table 4 and the multi-directional dynamic loading device 13, open the drain valve, discharge the pressure liquid, recycle the deposited sediment, clean the downstream filter, and close the small wave. Sink floor.
上述描述仅是对本申请较佳实施例的描述，并非是对本申请范围的任何限定。任何熟悉该领域的普通技术人员根据上述揭示的技术内容做出的任何变更或修饰均应当视为等同的有效实施例，均属于本申请技术方案保护的范围。The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. Any change or modification made by any person familiar with the field based on the technical content disclosed above shall be regarded as an equivalent effective embodiment, and shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.
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