CN110553930A - Improved test device and test method for shear performance of composite material base/fiber interface - Google Patents

Improved test device and test method for shear performance of composite material base/fiber interface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110553930A
CN110553930A CN201910875241.3A CN201910875241A CN110553930A CN 110553930 A CN110553930 A CN 110553930A CN 201910875241 A CN201910875241 A CN 201910875241A CN 110553930 A CN110553930 A CN 110553930A
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clamp
fiber
rectangular frame
hole
side wall
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CN201910875241.3A
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CN110553930B (en
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刘永涛
张笑闻
姜海林
常文钰
任明法
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Dalian Yuchen high tech Material Co.,Ltd.
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Dalian Aerospace Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces

Abstract

The invention provides an improved test device for the shearing performance of a composite material base/fiber interface, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the fixture A and the fixture B are both provided with hollow rectangular frame structures, one side wall of each rectangular frame structure is provided with at least one group of grooves/bulges, and the middle position of the side wall is also provided with a hole; the side wall of the rectangular frame structure adjacent to the side wall provided with the groove/protrusion is provided with a side hole for injecting a high-temperature-resistant adhesive/high-molecular resin material; after the clamps A and B are clamped and fixed through the grooves or the bulges arranged on the clamps A and B, the two middle holes form through holes for the single carbon fiber to pass through; the fixed clamps A and B are positioned in the same plane, a hard plastic sheet is attached to one side face of the clamp A, which is provided with a hollow rectangular frame, and a hard paper board is attached to the other side face of the clamp A, which is provided with a hollow rectangular frame, so that the clamps A and B form a semi-closed cavity structure. The invention also discloses a test method of the test device, which has the advantages of simple structure, strong controllability, convenience in operation and the like.

Description

improved test device and test method for shear performance of composite material base/fiber interface
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of composite material performance testing, in particular to an improved test device and a test method for the shear performance of a composite material base/fiber interface.
background
At present, the test methods for measuring the shearing performance of the composite material base/fiber interface mainly comprise four methods: fiber breakage test, fiber pull-out test, fiber press-in test, and microsphere debonding test. Among them, the fiber drawing test is one of the most direct methods for obtaining the interface parameters, and a plurality of interface parameters can be obtained by one test.
the monofilament drawn sample preparation process was as follows: the treated fibers or protofilaments are singly and vertically fixed in the center of a silicone rubber pad (arranged on a die carrier). A drop of epoxy was injected onto the pad with a syringe and laid flat. After the fiber is solidified for twenty-four hours at room temperature, the fiber on the upper surface of the resin is cut off, a thin plastic tube is placed on the fiber, a thin layer of red resin is poured, and then the colorless same resin is poured, so that the color contrast is strong, and the fiber embedding length can be conveniently measured. The specimens were post-cured for three hours at 50 ℃. (very careful sample preparation, cut resin top surface fiber as smooth as possible. resin due to the resin to fiber infiltration, resin along the fiber up-run phenomenon, try to reduce) in the fiber electronic strength instrument, at a speed of 2mm/min tensile sample. The embedded length of the fiber is measured by a microscope, and the morphology of the drawn monofilament is observed.
At present, the following defects generally exist in a single fiber extraction test method:
1. The fibers are difficult to ensure to be vertical, and the measured interfacial debonding force has large deviation, so that the obtained interfacial shear strength is inaccurate;
2. The test device needs higher rigidity, namely, the connection part of the fiber and the resin is easy to have torque and bending moment in the process of transportation and clamping;
3. The fiber embedding depth is difficult to control strictly, and the reason why the fiber embedding depth needs to be controlled is as follows:
in the case of single fiber extraction tests, to ensure that the fibers are completely extracted during the test, the control of the embedding length of the resin matrix for the fibers is critical for the preparation of the test specimen, and an excessively long embedding length causes the fibers to break during tension rather than being extracted from the resin matrix, so the embedding length must be less than the critical fiber extraction length, the embedding depth L has the following relationship [1] with the fiber strength σ f and the interfacial shear strength τ i:
Wherein r is the diameter of an individual fiber. The formula shows that a critical value of the fiber embedding depth exists, and the fiber is broken in the stretching process when the certain embedding depth is exceeded; otherwise, the fiber is pulled out. The radius r of the individual fibers of the carbon fiber is usually about 3.5 μm, the strength is usually about 3.5GPa, and the interfacial shear strength is usually about 60MPa, so the initial estimation of the critical fiber embedding length is about 100 μm. The embedding depth can not exceed 50 μm considering the influence of thermal expansion and the large fiber strength dispersion during the resin curing process.
In summary, it is necessary to provide a testing apparatus and a testing method to solve the problem of measuring the shear property of the matrix/fiber interface of the composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems that the existing device is difficult to ensure the fiber verticality, the measurement is inaccurate due to large deviation of interface adhesion and detachment force, and the like, the invention provides the improved test device and the test method for the shearing performance of the composite material base/fiber interface. The method mainly comprises the steps of placing a single carbon fiber in a hole of two mutually matched clamps, gradually injecting an adhesive or polymer resin into the two clamps through side holes of the clamps and curing, and keeping the two clamps perpendicular to each other as much as possible by controlling an included angle between the fiber and the polymer resin material; the embedded depth of the fiber is strictly controlled, and the fiber is matched with an external loading device to ensure the traction force, so that the controllability of the testing device is realized, and the testing requirement is met.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
an improved test device for shear performance of a composite material matrix/fiber interface, comprising:
The fixture A is provided with a hollow rectangular frame structure I, at least one group of grooves I/bulges I are arranged on one side wall of the rectangular frame structure I, and holes I are further arranged in the middle of the side wall; a side hole I for injecting a high-temperature-resistant adhesive is formed in the side wall of the rectangular frame structure I adjacent to the side wall provided with the groove I/protrusion I; among them, the high temperature adhesives generally include shinEtsu KE-3417, Threebond1212, Threebond736, etc.
The fixture B is provided with a hollow rectangular frame structure II, at least one group of bulges II/grooves II matched with the grooves I/bulges I are arranged on one side wall of the rectangular frame structure II, and holes II are also arranged in the middle of the side wall; the side wall of the rectangular frame structure II adjacent to the side wall provided with the protrusion II/the groove II is provided with a side hole II for injecting a high polymer resin material; wherein, the polymer resin material is determined according to the type of the fiber/polymer resin interface to be measured.
After the clamp A and the clamp B are clamped and fixed through the grooves or the bulges arranged on the clamp A, the holes I and the holes II form through holes for the single carbon fiber to pass through; and after the clamp A and the clamp B are fixed, the clamp A and the clamp B are positioned in the same plane, a hard plastic sheet is attached to one side surface of the clamp A with a hollow rectangular frame, and a hard paper board is attached to the other side surface of the clamp B, so that the clamp A and the clamp B form a semi-closed cavity structure.
Furthermore, chamfers are arranged on the periphery of the hollow rectangular frame.
Further, the clamp A and the clamp B are made of metal materials.
the invention also discloses a method for testing the shearing performance of the composite material base/fiber interface by using the testing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps,
S1, respectively penetrating single carbon fiber through the holes I and II of the clamp A and the clamp B, and assembling the clamp A and the clamp B together through a groove or a protrusion; attaching a transparent hard plastic sheet to one side of each of the clamp A and the clamp B with a hollow rectangular frame, and attaching the other side of each of the clamp A and the clamp B to a hardboard, so that the clamp A and the clamp B form a semi-closed cavity structure, and only a side hole I and a side hole II are reserved;
S2, ensuring that the clamp A and the clamp B are in a connection state, and erecting the clamp, wherein the single carbon fiber is in a vertical state; injecting the high-temperature-resistant adhesive into the cavity from the side hole II to ensure that the fiber embedding depth is more than 500 mu m, simultaneously, stretching the high-temperature-resistant adhesive into the cavity from the side hole I and the side hole II by using a small forceps, adjusting the position of a single carbon fiber to ensure that the fiber is vertical, and standing to completely cure the normal-temperature-cured high-temperature-resistant adhesive;
s3, ensuring that the clamp A and the clamp B are in a connection state, inverting the vertical clamp, slowly injecting a high polymer resin material into the side hole I, observing the fiber embedding depth in the injection process, and ensuring that the fiber embedding depth is not more than 50 mu m; then, the clamp is placed in a high-temperature box for heat preservation, so that the high polymer resin material is fully cured to complete the manufacture of the test device;
S4, clamping the manufactured test device on a 0-5N micro loading device, cutting a hardboard attached to one side of two clamps, loading the test device, measuring a load-displacement curve, and calculating the interface shear strength according to the following formula:
wherein F is the maximum load, L is the embedding depth, and the diameter is mum; r is the diameter of a single carbon fiber, and is mum; and calculating the interfacial shear modulus value through the slope of a linear segment in the load-displacement curve.
Further, when the connected clamp A and the connected clamp B are moved, the positions of the grooves or the bulges can be clamped by the clamps, so that the two clamps are prevented from being bent and twisted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the invention, through the arranged side holes, a small-sized clamp such as a pair of tweezers can be adopted to penetrate into the cavity to adjust the position of the fiber, so that the included angle between the fiber and the polymer resin material can be conveniently controlled, and the mutual perpendicularity of the fiber and the polymer resin material can be kept as much as possible;
2. the invention is convenient to match with a micro loading device by arranging the form that the AB clamps are matched with each other, and the fibers are not easy to generate tensile fracture and twisting fracture in the loading process in the form of mutually clamped and nested;
3. According to the invention, the fiber embedding depth can be strictly controlled by controlling the speed of injecting the adhesive or the high molecular resin, and the operation is controllable.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of composite material performance test and the like.
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the testing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the testing apparatus of the present invention filled with a high temperature resistant adhesive.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the filling of a polymer resin material into the test apparatus of the present invention.
in the figure: 1. a clamp A; 2. a clamp B; 3. a side hole I; 4. a side hole II; 5. a through hole; 6. a single carbon fiber; 7. a high temperature resistant adhesive; 8. a polymeric resin material.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
it is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides an improved test apparatus for shear performance at a composite matrix/fiber interface, comprising:
The fixture A1 comprises a hollow rectangular frame structure I, wherein at least one group of grooves I/bulges I is arranged on one side wall of the rectangular frame structure I, and a hole I is also arranged in the middle of the side wall; a side hole I3 for injecting a high-temperature-resistant adhesive 7 is formed in the side wall of the rectangular frame structure I adjacent to the side wall provided with the groove I/protrusion I; among them, the high temperature adhesives generally include shinEtsu KE-3417, Threebond1212, Threebond736, etc.
The fixture B2 is provided with a hollow rectangular frame structure II, at least one group of bulges II/grooves II matched with the grooves I/bulges I are arranged on one side wall of the rectangular frame structure II, and holes II are also arranged in the middle of the side wall; a side hole II 4 for injecting a high polymer resin material 8 is formed in the side wall of the rectangular frame structure II adjacent to the side wall provided with the protrusion II/groove II; wherein, the polymer resin material is determined according to the type of the fiber/polymer resin interface to be measured.
After the clamp A1 and the clamp B2 are clamped and fixed through the grooves or the protrusions arranged on the clamp A1 and the clamp B2, the hole I and the hole II form a through hole 5 for a single carbon fiber 6 to pass through; the fixed clamp A1 and the fixed clamp B2 are in the same plane, a hard plastic sheet is attached to one side of the fixed clamp A1 with a hollow rectangular frame, and a cardboard is attached to the other side of the fixed clamp B2, so that the clamp A1 and the clamp B2 form a semi-closed cavity structure.
And chamfers are arranged on the periphery of the hollow rectangular frame.
The clamp A1 and the clamp B2 are made of metal materials.
The invention also discloses a method for testing the shearing performance of the composite material base/fiber interface by using the testing device, which is mainly formed by embedding resin materials into two ends of a single carbon fiber and curing the resin materials at high temperature,
S1, respectively penetrating single carbon fiber 6 through a hole I and a hole II (through holes 5, ensuring the concentricity of the through holes 5) of the clamp A1 and the clamp B2, and assembling the clamp A1 and the clamp B2 together through a groove or a protrusion; a high-temperature-resistant adhesive (the using temperature is not lower than 250 ℃, for example, MX-3130 high-performance chemical reaction type adhesive) which is solidified at normal temperature is adopted, a transparent hard plastic sheet is attached to one side (namely the upper part of the hollow rectangular frame shown in figure 1) of the clamp A1 and the clamp B2, which is provided with the hollow rectangular frame, and the other side is attached to a hardboard, so that the clamp A1 and the clamp B2 form a semi-closed cavity structure, and only a side hole I3 and a side hole II 4 are left; when the connected clamp A1 and the connected clamp B2 are moved, a clamp can be used for clamping the positions near the grooves or the protrusions of the clamps, and the two clamps AB are guaranteed not to bend or twist.
S2, ensuring that the clamp A1 and the clamp B2 are in a connected state, and erecting the clamp, wherein the single carbon fiber 6 is in a vertical state; injecting the high-temperature-resistant adhesive 7 into the cavity from the side hole II 4 by using a micro dropper, ensuring that the fiber embedding depth is more than 500 mu m, simultaneously, stretching into the cavity from the side hole I3 and the side hole II 4 by using a pair of tweezers, adjusting the position of a single carbon fiber 6, observing by using a 50-time magnifying lens, ensuring that the fiber is in a vertical state, standing for 30min, and completely curing the normal-temperature-cured high-temperature-resistant adhesive 7;
S3, ensuring that the clamp A1 and the clamp B2 are in a connection state, inverting the vertical clamp, slowly injecting a high polymer resin material 8 (depending on a material system to be detected) into the side hole I3 by using a micro dropper, and observing the fiber embedding depth by using a 50-time magnifying lens with scales in the injection process to ensure that the fiber embedding depth is not more than 50 micrometers; then, clamping a clamp A1 by using a metal plate, putting the clamp into a high-temperature box for heat preservation, and fully curing the high polymer resin material 8 to finish the manufacture of the test device; the interface strength tested was the same as the fiber pull-out force was greater the depth of embedment. If the embedding depth is too large, the fiber is directly broken. Therefore, in the fiber-bonded resin region, the resin embedding depth is strictly controlled.
S4, clamping the manufactured test device on a 0-5N micro loading device, scratching a hardboard attached to one side of two clamps by a blade, loading the test device, measuring a load-displacement curve, and calculating the interface shear strength according to the following formula:
Wherein F is the maximum load, L is the embedding depth, and the diameter is mum; r is the diameter of a single carbon fiber 6, μm; and calculating the interfacial shear modulus value through the slope of a linear segment in the load-displacement curve.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An improved test device for shear performance of a composite material matrix/fiber interface, comprising:
the fixture A (1) is provided with a hollow rectangular frame structure I, at least one group of grooves I/bulges I are arranged on one side wall of the rectangular frame structure I, and a hole I is also arranged in the middle of the side wall; a side hole I (3) for injecting a high-temperature-resistant adhesive (7) is formed in the side wall of the rectangular frame structure I adjacent to the side wall provided with the groove I/protrusion I;
The fixture B (2) is provided with a hollow rectangular frame structure II, at least one group of bulges II/grooves II matched with the grooves I/bulges I are arranged on one side wall of the rectangular frame structure II, and holes II are also arranged in the middle of the side wall; a side hole II (4) for injecting a high polymer resin material (8) is formed in the side wall of the rectangular frame structure II adjacent to the side wall provided with the protrusion II/groove II;
After the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) are clamped and fixed through the grooves or the bulges arranged on the clamp A, the hole I and the hole II form a through hole (5) for a single carbon fiber (6) to pass through; and the fixed clamp A (1) and the fixed clamp B (2) are positioned in the same plane, a hard plastic sheet is attached to one side surface of the fixed clamp A with a hollow rectangular frame, and a hardboard is attached to the other side surface of the fixed clamp B with the hollow rectangular frame, so that the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) form a semi-closed cavity structure.
2. the improved composite matrix/fiber interface shear performance test device of claim 1, wherein said hollow rectangular frame is chamfered at the periphery.
3. the improved testing device for the shear performance of the matrix/fiber interface of the composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) are made of metal.
4. A method for testing the shear performance of a composite matrix/fiber interface by using the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of,
s1, respectively penetrating a single carbon fiber (6) through a hole I and a hole II of the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2), and assembling the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) together through a groove or a protrusion; attaching a transparent hard plastic sheet to one side of the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) with hollow rectangular frames, and attaching the other side of the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) to a hardboard, so that the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) form a semi-closed cavity structure, and only a side hole I (3) and a side hole II (4) are reserved;
s2, ensuring that the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) are in a connection state, and erecting the clamps, wherein a single carbon fiber (6) is in a vertical state; injecting the high-temperature-resistant adhesive (7) into the cavity from the side hole II (4) to ensure that the fiber embedding depth is more than 500 mu m, simultaneously, extending into the cavity from the side hole I (3) and the side hole II (4) by using a small forceps, adjusting the position of a single carbon fiber (6) to ensure that the fiber is in a vertical state, and standing to completely cure the normal-temperature-cured high-temperature-resistant adhesive (7);
S3, ensuring that the clamp A (1) and the clamp B (2) are in a connection state, inverting the vertical clamp, slowly injecting a high polymer resin material (8) into the side hole I (3), and observing the fiber embedding depth in the injection process to ensure that the fiber embedding depth is not more than 50 microns; then, the clamp is placed in a high-temperature box for heat preservation, so that the high polymer resin material (8) is fully cured to finish the manufacture of the test device;
s4, clamping the manufactured test device on a 0-5N micro loading device, cutting a hardboard attached to one side of two clamps, loading the test device, measuring a load-displacement curve, and calculating the interface shear strength according to the following formula:
Wherein F is the maximum load, N; l is the embedding depth, mum; r is the diameter of a single carbon fiber (6) and is mum; and calculating the interfacial shear modulus value through the slope of a linear segment in the load-displacement curve.
5. test method according to claim 4, characterized in that when moving the connected clamp A (1) and clamp B (2), a clamp can be used to hold the position of the groove or protrusion to ensure that no bending or torsion occurs between the two clamps.
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CN111189703A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-22 南京航空航天大学 Device and method for testing interface shear strength of continuous fiber reinforced composite material
CN113740180A (en) * 2021-10-18 2021-12-03 北京航空航天大学 Torsion test method for representing multi-stage interface performance between carbon fiber and resin of surface-grown carbon nanomaterial

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