CN110551945A - optimization method of hot-rolled plain steel bar production process - Google Patents
optimization method of hot-rolled plain steel bar production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110551945A CN110551945A CN201910960525.2A CN201910960525A CN110551945A CN 110551945 A CN110551945 A CN 110551945A CN 201910960525 A CN201910960525 A CN 201910960525A CN 110551945 A CN110551945 A CN 110551945A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/163—Rolling or cold-forming of concrete reinforcement bars or wire ; Rolls therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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Abstract
the invention discloses an optimization method of a hot-rolled smooth steel bar production process, which comprises the steps of billet material optimization and rough rolling process optimization, wherein the equipment capacity can be more effectively utilized and the rolling energy consumption is reduced under the same process conditions through the scientific selection of the material and the reasonable distribution of rough rolling load reduction, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the produced steel bar are improved, the steel bar has uniform texture, the section shape is accurate, and all indexes are qualified.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a control method of a wire rolling process, in particular to a hot-rolled plain steel bar rolling process, and belongs to the technical field of steel bar rolling.
Background
The hot-rolled plain steel bar is widely applied to the field of civil engineering and has very large market demand. Along with the rapid development of national economy in recent years, the yield of hot-rolled smooth steel bars is greatly increased, the yield accounts for 18% of the whole steel yield, and the hot-rolled smooth steel bars have the characteristics of high strength, good comprehensiveness, steel saving and the like.
The production process of the common hot-rolled plain steel bar is mature, and the raw material factors considered during design are mainly the contents of C, si and Mn elements and the S, P content. If the content of C is high, the strength of the steel is improved, but improvement of ductility and toughness is not facilitated, and Si is advantageous for improving the yield ratio and fatigue resistance of the steel, but not advantageous for improving ductility and toughness. In the production process, the load distribution of each rack pass is easily inconsistent, so that the tension of the wire rod generates severe fluctuation, the stability of the production process is influenced, and the quality defect of the finished wire rod is caused to influence the productivity in serious cases. In the prior art, each control subsystem adopts an independent operation mode and cannot meet the high-precision control requirement. The press reduction control effect based on the traditional control theory is near the limit, the unit yield is low, the cost is high, and the key problem of how to reasonably distribute the rack load so as to control the size stability of the finished reinforcing steel bar is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an optimization method of a hot rolled plain steel bar production process, which improves the traditional process in two aspects of billet material optimization and rolling process, improves the yield strength and tensile strength by material improvement, and ensures that the produced steel bar has uniform texture and accurate section shape by optimization of a control method. The optimization method of the hot-rolled ribbed steel bar production process of the present application and the applicant is a series of applications.
Carbon is the most important component in steel, and the pearlite amount in the steel is increased along with the increase of the carbon content, so that the impact absorption work is reduced, and the carbon is a harmful element influencing the impact absorption work. Manganese lowers the austenite to ferrite transformation temperature, thereby making the grain finer. The impact absorption work of ferrite-pearlite steel can be improved by adding manganese. Silicon increases the yield point of the material and simultaneously increases the brittle transition temperature. The increase in nickel content results in an improvement in the notch toughness of the carbon steel. Phosphorus and sulfur are inevitable elements in steel and are detrimental to fracture toughness. Phosphorus has a strong solid solution strengthening effect, so that the strength and the hardness of the steel are increased, but the plasticity and the toughness are obviously reduced. In the process of crystallization, because of the generation of intragranular segregation, the phosphorus content in a local area is higher, and the brittle transition temperature is increased to cause cold brittleness.
in order to improve the strength of the steel bar, a certain amount of VN alloy is added into the steel billet, vanadium can form VN with nitrogen, the strength of the steel can be improved, austenite recrystallization is prevented, and grains are slightly refined. In addition, the Mn content in the steel is increased correspondingly. Because the content of manganese is higher, Mn is segregated in steel due to large capacity in the smelting process, Mn has the effect of improving the stability of the supercooled austenite, the pearlite transformation part in the isothermal transformation process of the supercooled austenite is obviously shifted to the right, and the bainite structure can be generated under the air cooling condition after the steel is austenitized by Mn segregation in the core of a steel billet. And the normal structure of the steel bar is ferrite plus pearlite, and the core part of the steel bar has a granular bainite abnormal structure due to Mn segregation, so that the uniformity of the structure is damaged, the toughness of the steel bar is reduced, and the risk of brittle fracture is increased. Therefore, the microalloyed steel has an obvious yield platform by adding Nb element, and the necessary condition is that the Mn weight percentage is less than 1.6 percent, and the bainite content is less than 10 percent by controlled cooling.
the rough rolling is an important part in the whole steel rolling process, is a very key factor for ensuring the stability, good continuity and high product precision of the whole production process, and more scientific load distribution is more key for improving the precision and production performance of products and eliminating the problem rate. The optimization method can eliminate the quality problem caused by alternating stress, further improve the obdurability of the steel bar, and ensure that the whole tissue is uniformly distributed, the performance qualification rate is high, and the tensile strength is high.
In the prior art, the production process of hot-rolled plain steel bars generally comprises the following steps: heating a steel billet, rough rolling, cutting the head and the tail, intermediate rolling, finish rolling, heat treatment, derusting, straightening, segmenting by flying shears, sizing, bundling, inspecting and warehousing. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an optimization method of a hot rolled plain steel bar production process comprises the optimization of raw materials and the optimization of rough rolling, wherein:
The steel billet comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.20 to 0.25%, Si: 0.22-0.36%, Mn: 1.33% -1.43%, Nb: 0.025 to 0.04 percent, V: 0.04-0.06%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.045%, and the balance is Fe; the rough rolling is performed with reduction load distribution control, and the specific control method comprises the following steps:
1) Initializing the reduction rate epsilon odd of an odd-number group stand and the reduction rate epsilon even of an even-number group stand according to the average distribution principle by using the size of a square billet and the size of a rough rolling target, wherein epsilon 1 is equal to epsilon 3, equal to epsilon 5, equal to …, equal to epsilon odd, epsilon 2 is equal to epsilon 4, equal to epsilon 6, equal to …, equal to epsilon even, and when the initial reduction rate is distributed, calculating the width and width according to the following formula;
In the formula, delta b is the width, delta H is the rolling reduction, H is the inlet thickness, R is the roll radius, H j - 1 is the inlet thickness of the 1 st pass rolled piece, H i is the outlet thickness of the ith pass rolled piece, and epsilon i is the i-th pass reduction.
The odd set of racks has an exit height h i and an exit width b i of:
hi＝hi-1(1-εodd)
the height h j and the width b j of the outlets of the even-numbered groups of racks are respectively as follows:
bj＝bj-1(1-εeven)
2) Determining an initial rolling speed by taking the size of a finished steel bar as a target size, and then initializing the rolling speed of each rack according to the principle of second flow equality by using the outlet size of each rack;
3) Solving comprehensive load functions f i (h i-1, h 1) and f j (b i-1, b 1) of each rack;
4) Respectively searching the maximum value and the minimum value f k1 and f k2 of the comprehensive load function of the odd-numbered group of racks and the maximum value and the minimum value f k3 and f k4 of the comprehensive load function of the even-numbered group of racks;
5) The method comprises the steps of adjusting the reduction rates of two racks, namely k1 and k2, by adopting a bisection method for odd-numbered racks, reducing the reduction rate of k1, increasing the reduction rate of k2, and enabling the comprehensive load function values of the two racks to be equal, wherein the comprehensive load function is monotonous to the reduction rate, and a function C is defined to be f k1 (h k1-1, h k1) -f k2 (h k2-1, h k2), wherein C is a monotonous function, and when C is 0, the comprehensive load function of the two racks is equal;
6) After f k1 is f k2 and f k3 is f k4, the method returns to step (4) to search the next rack with the largest difference of the comprehensive load function values for adjustment until the difference of the comprehensive load function values of all the racks is smaller than a given error, but the comprehensive load function values of the final odd-numbered rack and the even-numbered rack are not necessarily at the same level, which is determined by the size of the billet and the size of the rough rolling target;
7) judging whether the comprehensive load function values of all the racks are lower than the lower limit, if so, reducing the rolling speed by 1 percent on the whole, and then returning to the step (3); if not, the result is output.
In the components, the balance includes inevitable impurities in addition to Fe.
further, the diameter of the smooth round steel bar can be 4-40mm, 12-40mm and the like. Further, the billet material also comprises 0.0002-0.0008 wt% of Cr0.0002%. The contents of Cr, V, Nb and Mn in the invention have obvious promotion effect on enhancing yield strength, and the toughness of the steel bar is improved. Further, the steel billet material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.23 to 0.25%, Si: 0.25 to 0.32%, Mn: 1.35% -1.41%, Nb: 0.025-0.035%, V: 0.05 to 0.06 percent, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, 0.0004 to 0.0008 percent of Cr0.0004 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The weight percentages are also very important in relation to the mass ratio, the materials in the proportion can prevent cracks which are easy to appear in the subsequent process, the reinforcement effect of the steel bar can be improved by adding a small amount of Cr, V, Mn, Nb and the like, the tensile strength and the yield strength can be obviously improved by the proper proportion, and the smooth round steel bar with better strength and toughness can be obtained under the load distribution control of the invention.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: (1) the material and the preparation process of the steel bar are improved, the product quality is improved, the produced steel bar has more excellent performance, the mechanical property and the like can reach and exceed the national standard, the product quality is more stable, and the reject ratio is obviously reduced.
(2) according to the characteristics of the slotless rolling of the roughing mill group, a process method which is suitable for the material of the steel bar is designed, and guidance is provided for optimizing and distributing the load of the roughing mill group. The produced steel bar improves the yield strength and the tensile strength, the steel bar is uniform in texture, the section shape is accurate, and all indexes are qualified.
drawings
fig. 1 is a flow chart of calculation of load distribution of a steel bar roughing mill group according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
example 1:
The optimization method of the hot rolling polished round steel bar production process is explained by taking a polished round steel bar with the diameter of 18mm as an example. The rough rolling adopts 10 stands, and the finish rolling adopts 6 stands, includes the following steps in proper order: heating a steel billet, rough rolling, intermediate rolling, finish rolling, heat treatment, derusting, straightening, segmenting by flying shears, sizing, bundling, inspecting and warehousing; the steel billet comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.23 to 0.25%, Si: 0.25 to 0.32%, Mn: 1.33% -1.41%, Nb: 0.025-0.035%, V: 0.05-0.06%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.045%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; the rough rolling is performed with reduction load distribution control, and the specific control method comprises the following steps:
step 1) initializing the reduction rate epsilon odd of an odd-number group frame and the reduction rate epsilon even of an even-number group frame according to the average distribution principle by using the billet size and the rough rolling target size, wherein epsilon 1 is equal to epsilon 3, epsilon 5 is equal to …, epsilon odd is equal to epsilon 2, epsilon 4 is equal to epsilon 6, epsilon … is equal to epsilon even, and when the initial reduction rate is distributed, the broadening is calculated according to the following formula;
wherein, Delta b is the width, Delta H is the rolling reduction, H is the inlet thickness, R is the roller radius, the outlet height H i and the outlet width b i of the odd-number group stand are respectively as follows:
hi＝hi-1(1-εodd)
The height h j and the width b j of the outlets of the even-numbered groups of racks are respectively as follows:
bj＝bj-1(1-εeven)
Step 2) determining the initial rolling speed by taking the dimension phi 18mm of the finished steel bar as a target dimension, and then initializing the rolling speed of each rough rolling stand according to the second flow equal principle by the outlet dimension of each stand;
Step 3) solving comprehensive load functions f i (h i-1, h 1) and f j (b i-1, b 1) of all the racks;
step 4) respectively searching the maximum value and the minimum value f k1, f k2 of the comprehensive load function of the odd-numbered group of racks and the maximum value and the minimum value f k3, f k4 of the comprehensive load function of the even-numbered group of racks;
Step 5) adjusting the pressing rates of the two frames before k1 and k2 by adopting a bisection method for the odd-numbered group of frames, reducing the pressing rate of k1, increasing the pressing rate of k2, and enabling the comprehensive load function values of the two frames to be equal, wherein the function C is f k1 (h k1-1, h k1) -f k2 (h k2-1, h k2) because the comprehensive load function is monotonous to the pressing rate, and C is a monotonous function, and when C is 0, the comprehensive load function of the two frames is equal;
step 6) after f k1 is f k2 and f k3 is f k4, returning to the step (4) to search the next rack with the largest difference value of the comprehensive load functions for adjustment until the difference of the comprehensive load function values of all the racks is smaller than a given error, wherein the comprehensive load function values of the final odd-numbered group of racks and the final even-numbered group of racks are not necessarily at the same level, which is determined by the size of the billet and the size of the rough rolling target;
Step 7) judging whether the comprehensive load function values of all the rough rolling frames are lower than the lower limit, if so, reducing the rolling speed by 1 percent on the whole, and then returning to the step 3; and continuously adjusting until the comprehensive load function value is not lower than the lower limit, and outputting a result, namely the finally determined comprehensive composite function value of each rough rolling stand.
Through a field rolling experiment, the racks with higher load rates are all concentrated on a roughing mill group, and the load rates are all over 90 percent and are close to the upper limit of the motor capacity. Through the field practice in a hot rolling plant, the rough rolling reduction load setting calculation is stable and accurate, the full-length diameter fluctuation is stably controlled within +/-3%, the comprehensive mechanical property and the size stability of the steel bar are rapidly improved, the comprehensive mechanical property meets the requirement, the yield is improved to more than 98%, the yield quality and the product grade are improved, the market competitiveness of the steel bar products of the plant is enhanced, and good economic benefits are created.
Example 2
The optimized process as described in embodiment 1, for the material weight ratio, includes the following steps: c: 0.23 to 0.25%, Si: 0.25 to 0.32%, Mn: 1.35% -1.41%, Nb: 0.025-0.035%, V: 0.05 to 0.06 percent, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, 0.0004 to 0.0008 percent of Cr0.0004 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
the GB/T1499.1-2017 national standard specifies the relevant technical requirements of hot rolled steel bars, and the yield strength and tensile strength indexes are determined by the setting examples and the comparative examples of the invention, wherein the setting examples and the comparative examples are as follows (the contents are weight percent):
| examples | C | Si | Mn | Nb | V | Cr | P | S |
| example 3 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 1.40 | 0.026 | 0.06 | - | 0.022 | 0.019 |
| example 4 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 1.37 | 0.028 | 0.05 | 0.00067 | 0.018 | 0.021 |
| Example 5 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 1.37 | 0.028 | 0.05 | 0.00054 | 0.025 | 0.019 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 1.46 | 0.014 | - | - | 0.020 | 0.025 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.27 | 0.61 | 1.49 | 0.017 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.023 | 0.018 |
| comparative example 3 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 1.01 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.027 | 0.026 |
The yield strength and tensile strength of the product obtained in the above examples were measured as follows:
from the above, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel bar within the material weight ratio range meet the national standard requirements and show good yield strength and tensile strength.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An optimization method of a hot rolled plain steel bar production process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the steel billet comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.20 to 0.25%, Si: 0.22-0.36%, Mn: 1.33% -1.43%, Nb: 0.025 to 0.04 percent, V: 0.04-0.06 percent, less than or equal to 0.045 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.045 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
2. the optimization method of the hot rolled smooth steel bar production process according to claim 1, wherein the reduction load distribution control is performed during rough rolling, and the specific control method comprises the following steps:
1) initializing the reduction rate epsilon odd of an odd-number group stand and the reduction rate epsilon even of an even-number group stand according to the average distribution principle by using the size of a square billet and the size of a rough rolling target, wherein epsilon 1 is equal to epsilon 3, equal to epsilon 5, equal to …, equal to epsilon odd, epsilon 2 is equal to epsilon 4, equal to epsilon 6, equal to …, equal to epsilon even, and when the initial reduction rate is distributed, calculating the width and width according to the following formula;
Wherein, Delta b is the width, Delta H is the rolling reduction, H is the inlet thickness, R is the roller radius, the outlet height H i and the outlet width b i of the odd-number group stand are respectively as follows:
hi＝hi-1(1-εodd)
The height h j and the width b j of the outlets of the even-numbered groups of racks are respectively as follows:
bj＝bj-1(1-εeven）
2) Determining an initial rolling speed by taking the size of a finished steel bar as a target size, and then initializing the rolling speed of each rack according to the principle of second flow equality by using the outlet size of each rack;
3) Solving comprehensive load functions f i (h i-1, h 1) and f j (b i-1, b 1) of each rack;
4) Respectively searching the maximum value and the minimum value f k1 and f k2 of the comprehensive load function of the odd-numbered group of racks and the maximum value and the minimum value f k3 and f k4 of the comprehensive load function of the even-numbered group of racks;
5) The method comprises the steps of adjusting the reduction rates of two racks, namely k1 and k2, by adopting a bisection method for odd-numbered racks, reducing the reduction rate of k1, increasing the reduction rate of k2, and enabling the comprehensive load function values of the two racks to be equal, wherein the comprehensive load function is monotonous to the reduction rate, and a function C is defined to be f k1 (h k1-1, h k1) -f k2 (h k2-1, h k2), wherein C is a monotonous function, and when C is 0, the comprehensive load function of the two racks is equal;
6) After f k1 is f k2 and f k3 is f k4, returning to step (4) to search the next rack with the largest difference of the comprehensive load functions for adjustment until the difference of the comprehensive load function values of all the racks is smaller than a given error;
7) Judging whether the comprehensive load function values of all the racks are lower than the lower limit, if so, reducing the rolling speed by 1 percent on the whole, and then returning to the step (3); if not, the result is output.
3. the method of claim 1, wherein the billet further comprises 0.0002-0.0008 wt% of Cr0.0002 wt%.
4. the optimization method of the production process of the hot rolled smooth steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the smooth steel bar is 4-40 mm.
5. The optimization method of the production process of the hot rolled smooth steel bar according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the smooth steel bar is 12-40 mm.
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